How many ways can civil engineering be used as a foundation? How is it constructed?

1. Common methods are: lime-soil foundation, strip foundation, independent foundation, pile foundation, etc.

2. Lime soil foundation: The soft soil layer within the required range below the bottom surface of the foundation is excavated, fully mixed with a certain proportion of lime soil under the condition of optimal water content, and compacted or compacted in layers, which has certain strength, water stability and impermeability.

3. Strip foundation: Strip foundation refers to a foundation form whose length is much greater than its width. Foundation formwork is generally composed of side plates, diagonal braces and horizontal braces. When installing the foundation formwork, first pop up the foundation sideline at the bottom of the foundation groove, then align the side plate with the sideline and erect it vertically. After correction and leveling, nail it firmly with diagonal braces and flat braces. Concrete pouring of foundation beam should be carried out along the longitudinal direction of the building. Layered pouring and layered vibrating pouring are adopted.

4. Independent foundation: When the superstructure of a building adopts frame structure or single-layer bent structure to bear the load, the foundation often adopts square, cylindrical, polygonal and other forms of independent foundation, which is called independent foundation. Construction sequence of independent foundation: foundation excavation-foundation pit finishing-10cm plain concrete cushion-foundation pile cap-foundation beam, column-backfill soil. And pouring is carried out in the order of "top first and then bottom".

5. Pile foundation: In the construction of large-scale industrial and civil buildings, if the soft soil layer of the foundation is thick and the shallow buried foundation cannot meet the requirements of foundation strength and deformation, pile foundation is often used. The function of pile foundation is to transfer the load to the deep hard soil layer through the pile or to the foundation through the friction around the pile. Include precast piles and cast-in-place piles.

Precast pile construction:

1) fabrication and hoisting

2) Pile sinking: hammering method and static pressure method.

3) Quality control

Construction of cast-in-place pile:

1) pore-forming method: pore-forming by dry operation, pore-forming by mud wall protection and pore-forming by casing.

2) Loosen the reinforcing cage

3) pouring concrete

4) Quality inspection