Japanese and the Origin of Japanese and Language

1984 On February 23rd, Professor Niaoyuexian, who devoted himself to the study of social human culture, announced: "A field trip was made to the ethnic minorities in mountainous areas of Thailand (northern Thailand), which were thought to come from Yunnan, and it was found that all babies had birthmarks on their buttocks". Professor Bird Yuexian also emphasized this discovery: "The birthmark in Japanese constitution is from Yunnan, which is circumstantial evidence that this area is the birthplace of Japanese."

1988 In September, the Japanese TV Workers' Union arrived in Yunnan with the task of filming the origin of the Japanese.

Since then, the inference of Japanese scholars has changed from "Japanese originated in Yunnan" to "Japanese ancestors are Yunnan ethnic minorities", and its scope and core are basically defined as Yi, Hani and Dai.

The reason why we hold the theory of "Yi" is because experts such as Shinichi Kenzaburo, Sasaki Takashi and Watanabe found that the Torch Festival of Sani people (Yi branch) in Shilin and other places is similar to the Dream Blue Festival in Japan, that is, the Torch Festival was also held on the same day in Mu Yi Peninsula, Japan, but in Kobe, Kyoto and Osaka in Mu Yi Peninsula in southern Japan.

The reason why we hold the Hani theory is that some Japanese people are surprised to find that the Hani people in Yunnan, China and the Yamato people in Japan have similar beliefs about animism, especially among the gods, the most authoritative "luminous god" of the Japanese people and the "Api Meiyan" of the Hani people are women and sun gods; Japan worships the "Valley God" and regards cherry blossoms as the national flower. Hani people also worship the "Valley God" and regard cherry trees and cherry blossoms as gods. ...

The viewpoint of "Dai Lun" still comes from scholars such as Bird Yue Xian, Sasaki and Watanabe. For the ethnic minorities who are considered to be from the mountainous areas of Thailand in southern Yunnan, they conducted a field trip. The results showed that all babies had birthmarks on their buttocks, and birthmarks were also found among the Dai people in Xishuangbanna. The so-called "tire spot" refers to the blue markings on the baby's buttocks, waist, back and shoulders. The reason is that there are melanocytes in the dermis of the skin, which gradually disappear with age. Japanese people have the similarity of this kind of fetal spot. Many people in Kyushu and Honshu in western Japan have type A blood type, which is the same as that in Yunnan and mainland Thailand ... (Yunnan Daily Daguan Weekly reported on June 5438+065438+1October 15, 2000).

From 1996, some scholars from China and Japan formed a "Sino-Japanese investigation team" to conduct a three-year comparative study of human bones unearthed in Jiangsu Province of China from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Western Han Dynasty (that is, from the 6th century BC to the AD 1 century) and those unearthed in Kitakyushu and Yamaguchi Prefecture of Japan from the rope pattern to the yayoi period. After DNA, examination and analysis, the sequence of the two is consistent in some parts, which proves that they originated from the same ancestor. In other words, the ancestors of the Japanese are more certain to be China people who are far away from the southern border.

China and Japan are not only a species, but also a family. (Japan's Sankei Shimbun reported in March 1999)

According to folklore, after Qin Shihuang unified China, in order to seek the elixir of life, he sent Xu Fu to lead 3000 boys and girls to form a huge fleet of 50 ships across Japan to find the elixir of life. The result was not found. Father Cui wants to go home. One of his men reminded him that you didn't finish the work assigned by the emperor, and you would only die if you went back. Why don't you stay? Chui fook and his party stayed.

At this time, Japan was still in the Stone Age. Most Japanese have long hair, tied to their heads with ropes and tied to their foreheads with white cloth. To this day, the Japanese still like to tie a white cloth strip on their foreheads during festivals. Most of them are fishermen with tattoos on their faces. Fishermen go fishing and think tattoos are a good way to lure fish. The clothes a woman wears are just a piece of cloth with a hole in her neck, just like a Mexican cloak. People are peaceful and will not be jealous. Practice polygamy. Generally, a man can marry four or five wives. Japanese people like to drink and grab food with their hands like Malays and Indians. At that time, they had no meat to eat. They usually eat fish, vegetables and rice. It is said that at that time, Xu Fu found that Japanese people lived to be 80 to 90 years old, and some even lived to be 100 years old. He also found that in addition to planting rice and fishing, they were particularly good at witchcraft, prophecy, astrology and divination with clay.

Japanese, to put it bluntly, was handed down from China, especially Chinese characters. Speaking of reading Chinese characters, it can be divided into phonetic reading and training reading. There is not much difference between phonetic reading and China's reading method, but people who don't know Japanese still don't understand it, so it is difficult to train and read classes. Generally speaking, they are all Japanese, and they don't have much education to understand. In Japan, if you look at the article written by this person, you will know how high his level is. He must be a high-level person who uses many Chinese characters.

Give you some articles, which should be effective.

How to remember Japanese words?

Japanese learners often find it difficult to remember words. Japanese words are really hard to remember, because it is difficult to find the rules. When learning Indo-European, words can be broken down into stems and affixes through morpheme analysis, and sorted out, even if it is easy to remember. Japanese words are not composed of stems and affixes in this way, so morpheme analysis is not needed. Japanese words come from different sources and have complex forms. There are homophonic words, Chinese words, mixed words and derivatives; As far as its source is concerned. In pronunciation, there are pronunciation reading, training reading and mixed pronunciation reading; Homophones can be divided into Chinese pronunciation, Wu pronunciation, Tang pronunciation and so on. Therefore, the situation of Japanese words is more complicated and difficult to read and remember. Learners have genes to remember words.

The only effective way to completely solve the problem of Japanese memory is to master the pronunciation and pronunciation of Japanese words. Phonetic reading and training reading have their own rules. Grasping the outline and distinguishing the order are the keys to memorizing words. It is not difficult to remember words as long as you have a good grasp of pronunciation and training. However, due to the extremely complicated situation of pronunciation reading and training reading, it is impossible to understand their reality without in-depth research, so learners feel at a loss. The same Chinese character, the pronunciation of this word, the training of that word; In addition, there are several methods of both pronunciation and practice, which people can't master.

If you want to remember Japanese words successfully, you must first understand what pronunciation and training are. This problem appeared in Japanese from the beginning of Sino-Japanese relations. This is a very old question. Before Chinese characters entered Japan, there were no characters in Japan. After Chinese characters and Chinese were introduced into Japan, the Japanese not only noticed the Japanese pronunciation of Chinese characters, but also absorbed a large number of Chinese vocabulary. As a result, many related problems have arisen, such as pronunciation reading, training reading, mixed reading of pronunciation and training, and the complexity of Japanese words has emerged. Therefore, understanding pronunciation and training is the key to memorizing Japanese words. Let's briefly talk about what pronunciation reading and training reading are and related problems, so as to discuss how to solve the problem of memorizing words.

Training reading: Training reading means reading Chinese characters (Chinese characters) in Japanese. After Chinese characters were introduced into Japan, the Japanese read them in Japanese according to their original meaning. For example, the Chinese character "Chuan" means "He" and the Japanese word "He" means "カワ", so the Chinese character "Chuan" is pronounced "カワ". This is training reading. In short, reading Chinese characters corresponding to Japanese words according to your own wishes is training reading. Training reading means writing Chinese characters and reading Japanese pronunciation. For example, people read ヒト, mountains read ヤマ, and so on. This can also be said to be similar to translation, except that some are accurate translations and some are not exactly the same.

Pinyin reading: After Chinese characters were introduced into Japan, Japanese people read Chinese characters according to their original sounds, that is, Pinyin reading. Due to the different time when Chinese characters were introduced into Japan, there are differences in ancient Chinese pronunciation, Wu pronunciation and Tang pronunciation. In short, the pronunciation of Japanese Chinese characters comes from the pronunciation of ancient Chinese, so although it is often inconsistent with the pronunciation of modern Chinese, it is still related. For example, the Chinese character "mountain" is pronounced as "サン", "love" is pronounced as "ァィ" in Japanese pronunciation, and so on. It can be seen that the pronunciation and pronunciation of Japanese characters are derived from the pronunciation of ancient Chinese. Although Chinese pronunciation is not the same as modern Chinese pronunciation, it is still closely related, so the pronunciation and pronunciation of Japanese Chinese characters are also related to modern Chinese pronunciation.

In addition to phonetic reading and training reading, there are mixed reading and training reading, that is, in a word, some Chinese characters are pronounced and some Chinese characters are trained, forming a whole of mixed reading and training reading. The reason for this phenomenon lies not in the reading of Chinese characters, but mainly in the creation of Japanese characters.

According to the above brief introduction, we can clearly see the root of the complex phenomenon of Japanese words, and at the same time, it also shows that to solve the problem of Japanese words being difficult to remember, we must grasp the root of pronunciation and training. Otherwise, scratching around and always spinning around in the details is not a way out after all.

We listed all the phonetic Chinese characters and training Chinese characters from the "ぁ" line to the "わ" line in the five-tone diagram. Although each line has more or less phonetic reading and training reading, even more or less disparity, some phonetic reading Chinese characters but less training reading Chinese characters; Others read less Chinese characters through pronunciation and read more Chinese characters through training; Some are more or less equal. Although the situation is very different, no matter what the situation is, one thing is certain: the pronunciation of Japanese characters-including pronunciation and training reading-is stable, fixed and basically unchanged. As mentioned above, the pronunciation of Chinese characters is stable, and the pronunciation of words is also stable when they are formed. For example, the Chinese character "Sheng" is pronounced as "せぃ", so the words "student", "gentleman", "life" and "biology" it contains are all pronounced as "せぃ". This is the case with pronunciation and reading, as well as with training and reading. For example, when the word "hand" is pronounced as "て", it constitutes a large number of words to be pronounced, such as "hand pain", "hand benefit", "portable" and "hand". The word "hand" is pronounced "て". "

From this, we found the key to remember Japanese and the trick to remember Japanese words. Because Chinese characters, whether they are pronounced or trained, are quite stable in word formation, which is exactly the trick and key we found. Western languages, Indo-European languages, their words can be divided into roots (stems) and affixes (followed by parts) according to the analysis of word ambiguity; This division can form an order, find out the rules and get the essentials of word formation, so as to easily remember words. Japanese and Indo-European languages are completely different, and the construction grammar is also different, so morpheme analysis is not needed. Moreover, there are harmony words (inherent words in Japanese), Chinese words (words from Chinese) and foreign words (mainly words from western languages) in Japanese. They are all Chinese words, including pronunciation, training and sound training. Homophonic pronunciation includes five tones, Chinese pronunciation, Tang pronunciation, Song Yin pronunciation, modern Chinese pronunciation, Japanese pronunciation based on Chinese pronunciation and so on. Therefore, the pronunciation of Japanese words is really varied and confusing. Therefore, Japanese learners find it very difficult to remember words, so they are eager to get simple mnemonics.

It is true that the situation of Japanese words is extremely complicated, and the morpheme analysis of western languages is completely unnecessary; Only by finding another way can we obtain another effective, simple and feasible memory method. According to the characteristics of Japanese, the source and composition of Japanese words, we found the phonological training of memory morphology and solved this problem easily. No matter how complicated the sources of Japanese words are and how diverse the word-formation methods are, as long as we grasp the two key links of pronunciation and training, we can form a law and get a system.

In order to talk about the pronunciation and training of syllables, this book (the mystery of Japanese vocabulary) lists the pronunciation and training of Japanese Chinese characters, from the "ぁ" line to the "わ" line, and lists examples for each pronunciation, Chinese characters and training Chinese characters. It can be clearly seen from the listed data that (1) the pronunciation and training of Japanese characters are quite stable. (2) Generally speaking (generally speaking), the general rule of phonetic reading or training reading is to train to read Chinese characters and pronounce Chinese characters. The above two are general rules, which can summarize the general situation of Japanese words. First of all, the characteristics of sound reading and training reading are quite stable. In other words, the pronunciation and training of Chinese characters are quite stable. As mentioned above, for example, in pronunciation, the Chinese character "Sheng" is pronounced as "せぃ", and in pronunciation words composed of "Sheng", the word "Sheng" is pronounced as "せぃ". This is the situation of training and reading. It can be seen that no matter the pronunciation or training of Chinese characters, the pronunciation (pronunciation or training) of Chinese characters is quite stable (fixed) rather than constantly changing. Examples are as follows:

The pronunciation of the Chinese character "Sheng" is "せぃ". In many pronunciation words, the word "Sheng" is pronounced as "せぃ": "

Life (せぃかつ), production (せぃさん), biology (せぃぶつがく), students.

The Chinese character "Sheng" is pronounced as "ぃき", and among the many words it constitutes, "Sheng" is pronounced as "ぃき": "

きききぅま), きききじびき), きき (ききき)

Obviously, Japanese words composed of Chinese characters are based on Chinese characters. There are two ways to pronounce Chinese characters: phonetic reading and training reading; Pinyin reading of Chinese characters constitutes pinyin reading, and Chinese character training reading constitutes training reading. There is a clear difference between the two. Chinese phonetic notation is based on the original pronunciation of Chinese characters in Chinese. After entering Japan, according to the original sound of Chinese characters, I read Chinese characters by backcutting method. At this time, it is inevitably influenced by Japanese phonology, that is, the original sound of Chinese characters is made into Japanese phonology, so the Chinese characters read in this way are the pronunciation of Japanese Chinese characters. The training and reading of Chinese characters have nothing to do with the original pronunciation of Chinese characters, but after Chinese characters are introduced into Japan, the Japanese correspond them with corresponding Japanese words according to their meanings, which can be said to be translated and read in Japanese words. For example, Chinese characters "oil" and "fat" and Japanese characters are "ぁぶら". Write Chinese characters "oil" or "fat" and train it to read "ぁぶら" instead of translating. It can be seen that the pronunciation of Japanese characters is based on the original sound of Chinese characters (the original sound in Chinese) and influenced by Japanese phonology, so it is always close to the pronunciation of Chinese to some extent. Of course, because the Japanese accepted ancient Chinese characters on the basis of ancient Chinese pronunciation, modern Chinese and ancient Chinese are very different, so we can't compare the pronunciation of modern Chinese (especially Mandarin) with that of Japanese Chinese characters. Even so, there are some similarities between the pronunciation of Japanese characters and that of modern Chinese characters. As for the training and reading of Chinese characters, it comes from the meaning of Chinese characters, which can also be said to be the Japanese interpretation of Chinese characters or the Japanese translation of Chinese characters, so it has nothing to do with Chinese pronunciation at all.

The stability of Japanese pronunciation of Chinese characters is very beneficial for China people to learn Japanese, because it is the same as the stability of Chinese pronunciation. In Chinese, the word "sound" is pronounced silently, and in the words composed of "sound", the word "sound" is pronounced silently.

Let's talk about the second feature first, that is to say, generally speaking, harmony characters are trained to read, while Chinese characters are pronounced by sound. This can be said to be a universal law. Harmony words are the original words in Japanese, that is, the inherent words in Japanese, that is to say, the word existed in Japanese before Chinese entered Japan. For example, the word "mountain" is pronounced as "やま", that is, before the Chinese character "mountain" entered Japanese, the Japanese called it "やま". It is a rule of Japanese to train and read Japanese words. For example, the word "Yan" is pronounced as "ぃぃぃぃ", which comes from the meaning of "Shuo", and the harmony words are "Yan", "Yan" and "Yan". These words are not Chinese words, but harmony words, that is to say, these words are inherent in Japanese, not from Chinese, and they are all training words.

It can be clearly seen that Japanese words can be divided into two categories: one is Chinese words, which come from Chinese; The other is the harmony word, which is original and inherent in Japanese and not originated from Chinese. A Chinese character, with pronunciation and training. Pinyin reading is based on the original sound of Chinese, while training reading is to translate the meaning of Chinese characters into Japanese. This is the basis of our phonology.

From this, we can find the rules and tricks of remembering Japanese words.

Please note that when we learn to recite Japanese words, we can't recite one word at a time, but we should base ourselves on Chinese characters, pronunciation and training. That's a good idea. We can match one area with ten, ten with a hundred, and a hundred with a thousand. Take Chinese characters as the key link, form a system and form an amine net. One Chinese character is enough to carry a thousand words. Remember pronunciation and training of Chinese characters. Generally speaking, most words follow this rule, with few exceptions. Sometimes there may be more than one pinyin reading method, but there is always one important reading method, that is, most of the words that make up the Chinese character are read according to this pronunciation, while one or more other reading methods are secondary, and only a few numbers are pronounced according to this important reading method. When we learn to remember Japanese words, we must first remember the main pronunciations of Chinese characters in order to remember most of the words. Then remember one or several other small pronunciations to remember those words. Generally speaking, training reading is not like pinyin reading. There are few training reading methods for a Chinese character, and most of them are one training reading method for a Chinese character.

Of course, we should also pay attention to the fact that Japanese words are jumbled, with the majority conforming to the rules and the few exceptions. The memory problem of most Japanese words can be completely solved by using our pronunciation training. As for the words that belong to the exception, it is not difficult to remember as long as you pay attention to remembering most of the words. Any law summarizes the vast majority, and exceptions are allowed. Not only in terms of language, but also in other aspects.

Phonetic training vocabulary is developed with the formation and development of Japanese vocabulary on the basis of phonetic reading and training reading of Japanese Chinese characters, so it is scientific and realistic. It is not only effective, but also simple, orderly, organized and systematic. With phonological training as the key link, it is natural to put forward (run through) all the words it constitutes with one Chinese character. This truth is obvious, reasonable and practical. In addition, learning Japanese is more suitable for us in China to remember words. Because we in China learn Chinese characters one by one, remember the sound of Chinese characters, and pronounce the sound when we see this Chinese character in any word. Learn the word "fly", and you will know the word "fly" whenever you encounter such words as "airplane", "pilot" and "spaceship". Therefore, learning Japanese words through phonetic training is more suitable for China. In short, memorizing Japanese words is the simplest and most effective method, with emphasis on the pronunciation and training of Chinese characters.

Chinese words are introduced into Japanese, called "phonetic language", and newly coined words are called "harmony language"; They are all written in Chinese characters and pseudonyms. Not only these, but also new words created by the Japanese according to Chinese characters (words that were not originally Chinese characters) are called "harmony words" or "national characters". In this way, Japanese words are more complex on top of complexity; It's hard to distinguish between systems, and it's hard to remember. In such a complicated and chaotic situation, only by grasping the general outline of the sound and training can we simplify the complex and solve the problem of memorizing words with the outline as the guide.

In order to remember words, you need to master pronunciation and training, as mentioned above. From the Japanese creation of Chinese characters, we can also see the relationship between pronunciation and Japanese words. After Chinese characters were introduced into Japan, the Japanese learned how to make Chinese characters and created new characters, called national characters or harmony characters. This word is used for training and reading. Examples are as follows:

ォモカゲ: It is composed of "people" and "brothers". It means "face" and "image".

く (ハタラク):) It consists of "human" and "dynamic". It means "cold wind".

ナギ: It consists of the words "wind" and "stop". It means "when the wind stops, the wind stops".

トげ: It consists of "mountain" and "up and down". It means "the top of the mountain" and "mountains".

ハナシ: It consists of the words "mouth" and "new". It means "story".

サカキ: It is composed of "wood" and "god". It means "the tree of the temple".

(ォロシシ): It consists of two words: summer and wind. It means "mountain wind".

みる (ムシル):) It is composed of the words "less" and "Mao". It means "pulling out hair".

ハタ: It consists of the words "fire" and "field". It means "dry land".

ハタ: It consists of the words "white" and "domain". It means "dry land".

ツジ: It consists of the words "ten" and "and". It means "crossroads".

シツケ: It consists of "body" and "beauty". It means "education".

Cod (タラ):) It consists of the words "fish" and "snow". It means "sole fish".

In addition to the above exceptions, there are also some Chinese characters, such as ?スギ, ?シ, クコジ and マサ, which were introduced into Japan. Most of these Chinese characters are created by the method of "knowing" in Six Books. For example, the words "human" and "dynamic" are combined into "Xi" to mean "labor". Both the word "mouth" and the word "new" are used as "ho" to express "fresh words" and become "stories". A small part of the original text is omitted here-because my Japanese input method can't write some Japanese characters. )

As mentioned above, pronunciation and training are important factors of Japanese words, so they are the key to memorizing words. Only by starting with sound and training can we find the composition of Japanese words. Only by finding the composition of words can we analyze and summarize the rules, and then form a system according to the rules. In this way, no matter how complicated and chaotic Japanese words are, they can also be organized in order and put into orbit, and finally a clear clue can be found in the chaos, so that they can be classified separately and it is not difficult to remember words.