What are the uses of excavators?

Uses:

(1) Excavation of building and plant foundations;

(2) Excavation of earth and stripping of overburden from mining sites;

(3) Loading operations in quarries, tunnels, underground plants and stockpiles;

(4) Excavation of canals, channels, and dredging of watercourses;

(5) Replacement of the work unit for pouring, lifting, installation, piling and ramming operations.

Excavator (heavy construction machinery)

Excavator ? , also known as excavating machinery (excavating machinery), also known as excavator, is a bucket digging above or below the surface of the bearer of the material, and loaded into the transport vehicle or unloaded to the stockpile earth moving machinery.

The materials excavated by the excavator are mainly soil, coal, sediment, and soil and rock after pre-packing. From the point of view of the development of engineering machinery in recent years, the development of excavators is relatively fast, excavators have become one of the most important engineering machinery in engineering construction. The three most important parameters of an excavator: operating weight (mass), engine power and bucket capacity.

Structural composition

The common structure of the excavator includes, power unit, working device, slewing mechanism, maneuvering mechanism, transmission mechanism, walking mechanism and auxiliary facilities.

The transmission mechanism transmits the engine power to the hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinders and other actuating elements through the hydraulic pump to push the working device action, so as to complete various operations.

Walking device

Walking device is the chassis, including track frame and walking system, mainly consists of track frame, walking motor + reducer and its pipeline, driving wheel, guide wheel, chain wheel, supporting wheel, track, tension buffer device, whose function is to support the weight of the excavator, and the power transmitted by the driving wheel into the traction force, to achieve the walking of the whole machine.

The frame assembly (i.e., the crawler travel frame assembly) is an integral welded part, adopting the X-shaped structure, whose main advantage is its high load-bearing capacity. The frame assembly is welded from the left longitudinal beam (i.e. left track frame), main frame (i.e. center frame) and right longitudinal beam (i.e. right track frame). The weight of the frame assembly is 2 tons.

The central rotary connector is a hydraulic component that connects the rotary platform with the oil circuit of the chassis, which ensures that after the rotary platform rotates at any angle, the travel motor can still distribute oil normally, and the current rotary connector is a 5-way [4]?

Working device

Working device is the main component of the hydraulic excavator, the current SY series of excavators are equipped with backhoe working device, which is mainly used for digging the soil below the stopping surface, but also can be excavated below the maximum cutting height of the soil, in addition to digging holes, trenching, loading, but also can be carried out in a simple leveling site work. Excavation work is adapted to excavate Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ class soil, Ⅴ above with a hydraulic hammer or need blasting means.

Backhoe working device by the moving arm, bucket rod, bucket, rocker, connecting rod and contains the moving arm cylinder, bucket rod cylinder, bucket cylinder, including the work unit hydraulic piping and other major components.

Power transmission route table

1. Traveling power transmission route: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) - Distribution valve - the central rotary joint - walking motor (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) - gearbox -Drive wheels - track chain tracks - to realize the walking

2 rotary motion transmission route: diesel engine - coupling --Hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) - Distribution valve - Slewing motor (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) - Reduction gearbox - Slewing support -Reduction gearbox - slewing bearing - to realize the slewing

3 moving arm motion transmission route: diesel engine - coupling --Hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) - Distribution valve - arm cylinder (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) - realization of arm motion -Realize the moving arm movement

4 bucket rod movement transmission route: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) -Distribution valve - bucket cylinder (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) - to realize the bucket movement

5 bucket movement transmission route: diesel engine -Coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - bucket cylinder (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) --realization of bucket movement

Composition and function of the power system

Intake system -- mesh cover → hose → air filter → hose → supercharger → hose → intercooler → hose → engine -exhaust system -Supercharger→expansion joint→muffler→exhaust pipe -Cooling system -Tank→hose→thermostat→water pump→diesel engine→hose→tank -Throttle control system -stepping motor→gear reducer→worm gear transmission→throttle cable→diesel engine throttle -high idle, low idle limit switch -fuel system

Fuel inlet system: fuel tank→hoses→hand oil pump→coarse filter→fine filter→diesel engine

Return system: diesel engine→hoses→fuel tank (the return volume of the fuel is relatively large, with which the part of the cooling)

Classification

Common excavator according to the drive mode has an internal combustion engine drive excavator and electric drive excavator two kinds. The electric excavator is mainly used in the plateau oxygen deficiency and underground mine and some other flammable and explosive places.

According to the different size, the excavator can be divided into large excavators, medium-sized excavators and small excavators

According to the different walking mode, the excavator can be divided into crawler excavators and wheeled excavators.

According to the different transmission methods, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines.

According to the use, the excavator can be divided into general-purpose excavator, mining excavator, marine excavator, special excavator and other different categories

According to the bucket, the excavator can be divided into the shovel excavator, backhoe excavator, pull shovel excavator and grab shovel excavator. Front shovel excavators are mostly used to excavate materials above the ground surface, while backhoe excavators are mostly used to excavate materials below the ground surface.

1. Backhoe ExcavatorBackhoe type is the most common one we have seen, backward and downward, forcing to cut the soil. It can be used for digging below the stopping work surface, and the basic operation methods are: ditch end digging, ditch side digging, straight line digging, curve digging, keeping a certain angle digging, ultra-deep ditch digging and ditch slope digging.

2. Positive shovel excavator

Positive shovel excavator shovel action form. It is characterized by "forward and upward, forced cut soil". Shovel digging force is large, can excavate the soil above the stopping surface, suitable for excavation height greater than 2m dry pit, but must be set up up and down the ramp. Shovel bucket than the same equivalent backhoe excavator bucket is a little larger, can be excavated with a moisture content of not more than 27% of a

To three types of soil, and with the dump truck with the completion of the entire excavation and transportation operations, but also can be excavated in large dry pits and mounds and so on. Positive shovel excavator excavation method according to the excavation route and the relative position of the transportation vehicle, digging and unloading of soil in the following two ways: forward digging, lateral unloading; forward digging, reverse unloading.

3. Pull shovel excavator

Pull shovel excavator is also called the rope shovel excavator. Its digging is characterized by: "backward and downward, self-weight cut soil". It is suitable to be used to excavate the soil of class I and II below the stopping surface. When working, the bucket is thrown out by inertia force, digging farther, with larger digging radius and digging depth, but not as flexible and accurate as backhoe. Especially suitable for digging large and deep pit or underwater digging.

4. Grab shovel excavator

Grab shovel excavator is also called grab excavator. Its digging is characterized by: "straight up and down, self-weight cut soil". It is suitable for excavating Ⅰ, Ⅱ type soil below the stopping surface, and is commonly used in soft soil areas for excavating foundation pits, sinkholes and so on. It is especially suitable for digging deep and narrow pits, dredging old channels and dredging silt in the water, etc., or for loading loose materials such as gravel and slag. There are two kinds of excavation methods: ditch side excavation and positioning excavation. If the grapple is made into a grate, it can also be used for loading ore blocks, wood chips, timber, etc. in the wood storage yard.

Today's excavators account for the vast majority of fully hydraulic full rotary excavators. Hydraulic excavator is mainly composed of engine, hydraulic system, working device, walking device and electrical control and other parts. Hydraulic system consists of hydraulic pumps, control valves, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors, pipelines, tanks and other components. The electrical control system includes monitoring disk, engine control system, pump control system, various types of sensors, solenoid valves and so on.

Hydraulic excavator is generally composed of three major parts of the working device, upper body and lower body. According to its structure and use can be distinguished as: crawler, tire, walk-type, full hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, full rotary, non-full rotary, general-purpose, special-purpose, articulated, telescopic arm and other types.

The working device is the device that directly accomplishes the excavation task. It is articulated by three parts, such as moving arm, bucket bar and bucket. In order to adapt to the needs of a variety of different construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as digging, lifting, loading, leveling, clamping, bulldozing, impact hammers, rotary drilling, and other operating equipment.

Slewing and traveling device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, the upper part of the turntable with power unit and transmission system. Engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator, most of the diesel fuel to be in a convenient site, can also be changed to an electric motor.

Hydraulic transmission system through the hydraulic pump to the engine power transfer to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinders and other executive elements, to promote the action of the working device, so as to complete a variety of operations.