Shifan Gongs and Drums

Shifan gongs and drums are divided into two main categories: clear gongs and drums played only with percussion instruments and silk and bamboo gongs and drums played with orchestral instruments.

The orchestra of the clear gongs and drums (commonly known as plain gongs and drums) is divided into thick and thin ones. Coarse gongs and drums are played with gongs, clappers, small wooden fish, double chimes, drums, drums, gongs, gongs and cymbals. Fine gongs and drums are played with small cymbals, medium gongs, spring gongs, inner gongs, soup gongs and large cymbals on top of the instruments used in the coarse gongs and drums. The structure of the clear gongs and drums is characterized by the combination of gongs and drums. For example, the "Eighteen Sixty-Four Two" is composed of ten sections, and the names of the gongs and drums are as follows: 1) "Rapid Wind"; 2) "Seek the Head"; 3) "Seven Notes"; 4) "Fine Walking Horses"; 5) "Eighteen Sixty-Four Two" (with three variations); 6) "Fish Hopping Eight"; 7) "Fine Walking Horses"; 8) "Golden Olives"; 9) "Rapid Wind"; 10) "Screws Knotting Top". Other clear gongs and drums repertoire include "Tackle Gong" and "Clear Cymbal Gongs and Drums".

Silk bamboo gongs and drums can be categorized into sheng-blown gongs and drums, flute-blown gongs and drums, and thick and thin silk bamboo gongs and drums (known as "yuanyang beat" in olden times) because of the different combinations of instruments and bands in the performance of these gongs and drums. The sheng-blues-gongs and gongs are composed of wind instruments such as shengs and xiao, stringed instruments such as erhu (erhu) and banhu, stringed instruments such as sanxian, pipa, and yueqin, and two kinds of percussion instruments such as thick and thin gongs and drums. The repertoire includes "Shouting Waiting" (fine gongs and drums) and "Yin Sending" (coarse gongs and drums). The flute and gong orchestra is organized on the basis of sheng, gong and bamboo with the addition of wind instruments such as flute and flute, and the percussion instruments are organized on the basis of thick gongs and drums. The repertoire includes "Down West Wind", "Cui Feng Mao", "Ten Thousand Flower Lanterns", "The Big Red Robe", and "Joyful Lantern". The band is compiled on the basis of flutes and gongs with wind instruments such as large suona, small suona and Zhaojun (commonly known as "long tip", non-melodic instruments, mostly used at the beginning and end of the piece to emphasize the atmosphere); the percussion instruments are compiled with fine gongs and drums. The music is composed of fine gongs and drums. The songs include "Xiangbao" and "Eighteen Beats". The Xiantao Shisanjin, also known as "Shifan Gongs and Drums" and "Seven Star Dots", is passed down in the Shinyang area of Hubei Province. It is also called "Qing Yin" in Shincheng. It originated in the Ming Dynasty and was handed down to the folk, and was later utilized by the priests and Taoists. It consists of ten kinds of percussion instruments (i.e., beat, heap, each, seven, wave, star, dang, and chang) and wind instruments (i.e., flute, xiao, suona, and sheng), and it belongs to the form of performance of "Xianghe Blow and Beat". The tunes played are mostly those of the Northern and Southern Songs, and there are also some Han folk tunes. Its main repertoire includes "Fisherman's Delight", "Money Flower", etc. In 2009, it was selected as one of the second batch of intangible cultural heritages in Xiantao City.

According to the record of "Shinyang State Records", there is a historical allusion to the "ten gongs and drums", also known as "ten kinds of Jin". The twelfth prince of the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Bai, who built the Guanyin Pavilion as his palace in the ancient town, Zhu Bai, who loved music, extradited the court music "Ten Kinds of Brocade" to the ancient town, and since then, "Ten Kinds of Brocade" has been settled and passed down from generation to generation for hundreds of years. The use of a variety of wind playing the Jianghan Plain ditty "Ten Kinds of Jin" as the main theme, with a variety of percussion instruments, interlude or repertoire, light blowing and playing, staccato, in a variety of festivals in the hustle and bustle of the distinctive style, the form of performance is feasible can be stationed, flexible and versatile.

In Shincheng, there are also called "Qingyin", "fine music", and also called "Xingdangchang" (Chang reads visit, the same below) Shincheng's historical prevalence of the "ten gongs and drums". "The Shifan Gongs and Drums originated in the Ming Dynasty and were passed down among the people. Later, it was utilized by the priests and Taoists, so it seems to be a kind of music related to religious activities. In the past, Dongyue Temple's "incense" is very prosperous, every year from the 30th day of the Lunar New Year to the first month of the second year 15, to the Dongyue Temple to burn incense to return the wish of a lot of visitors, in the incense, there are "ten times" the band accompaniment, and sometimes up to five or six groups of more. The "Shifan Gongs and Drums" are divided into "Shifan Flute Players" and "Shifan Sheng Players". In Shincheng, the ten gongs and drums are played by "flute-playing ten gongs". Most of the tunes played are the songs of the North and South Songs, and there are also some folk tunes. The main tunes of Shincheng Shifan are "Fisherman's Joy" and "Money Flower".

The instrumental combination of "flute blowing Ten Fan" is generally as follows: four silk flutes (one end of the flute, with two colorful spikes, is a kind of decoration), in front of the orchestra, two each on the left and right. In the middle of the flute is a little behind the back of the drum, backstrap for the red silk, the drum frame is very delicate, carved with a variety of patterns and designs, coated with red lacquer and gold dust. Inside the drum frame, set plate drums, drums each one. After the drum frame Sterculia attached to the center of a square wooden clapper. Drummer followed by a hand holding a clapboard, a hand holding a drum skewer, with flowers and colors of the drum beat rhythm should be and the beautiful flute blowing song. The drummer is also the conductor of the orchestra, from time to time with hand gestures and drum beats to send signals, commanding the orchestra to change the song. The drummer and the drummer are closely matched by the drummer who plays the "single star" and the "small dang gong". The "single star" is the bell, the style and monks, Taoist priests with the "ritual bell" exactly the same. The "Xiaodang Gong" is very small, a little smaller than the palm of the hand. These two instruments are played by one person at the same time. In addition, there is another person who plays a low gong, the sound of which is like the "visiting sound". The combination of these three percussion instruments, under the drummer's rhythmic beat, produces the basic characteristics of the "Shifan". The drummer is followed by the "small cymbals" (which mostly produce the sound "Puff"), the "horse gong" (which produces the sound "Wave"), the "small gong" (which produces the sound "Wave"), and the "small gong" (which produces the sound "Wave"). "(pronounced as "piles") and other musicians.

Ten kinds of Jin consists of two main parts: percussion instruments and wind instruments. The common configuration is percussion instruments: Shosojin, tanggu, small Jing cymbals, medium tiger sound gongs, small gongs, horse gongs, rattles; wind instruments: four flutes, a suona. Of course, sometimes it is adjusted with the increase or decrease of personnel, but the main instrument is indispensable, and the other instruments are randomly configured according to the different occasions of the performance. The above configuration is mainly used for weddings and other occasions, such as white wedding, the drum can be changed to a big drum, the wind pipe will be changed to the flute and alto suona performance, and sometimes will add the sheng.

The "ten kinds of Jin" as the main musical instrument, in fact, is a combination of pieces: with a diameter of 6mm rebar made of a plane gourd-like, large circle suspended in the fixed a small Su gong, commonly known as the big hook gongs; a small circle suspended in the fixed a small horse gongs, and then fixed on top of the top of a bumper bell, a **** three sorts of, and also more than a small gongs or rattles made into a wood! Four kinds of. Between the size of the round there is a hand-held position, steel with colored cloth wrapped around the decoration. Performers are generally palm for the master, holding a small drum stick, according to the spectrum hit ten kinds of Jin on a variety of percussion instruments, issued a staggered different sounds, command the entire performance process. Qimen ten gongs and drums is the name of Qimen Han Chinese folk instrumental music, popular in the calendar mouth, sol mouth area. Long history, began in the Ming Dynasty, in Qimen folk playing for hundreds of years.

The Qimen Shifan Gongs and Drums is a suite of 10 kinds of songs and drums, which are played by about 10 kinds of musical instruments, including small suona, transverse flute (two flutes), large gongs, small gongs, cloudy gongs, barrel drums, side drums, large cymbals, small cymbals, etc. The whole piece uses percussion of different timbres. The whole song utilizes percussion instruments of different tones, intermingles with the beautiful melodies of suona and bamboo, blowing and playing with elegance, making it lively but not complicated, with a rich local flavor.

Old times, Qimen folk welcome the gods and play a lot of activities, ten gongs and drums is to play the light of the accompanying music. Usually, when the play light is traveling, the band carries a musical instrument along, along the way in accordance with the play light of various actions such as the dragon dance, etc., to change the tune while traveling and playing. Due to the different sets of hippie lanterns around the world, coupled with a long history of playing, so the ten gongs and drums repertoire is not the same, each with its own characteristics. For example, the folk artists in Solkou boldly draw on the local songs and ditties to process and modify the original song, and named "the breeze shaking the moon", "swimming dragons playing in the water", etc., which is more accessible and suitable for hippie lantern performances.

Entering the 21st century, Shifan gongs and drums have been processed and organized, and can not only accompany the hippie lanterns, but can also be played alone in a fixed place, so that this ancient music and art program has been glowing with brilliance. Chuzhou Shifan gongs and drums have a long history. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Sun Minqing, a famous folk artist in Huai'an, organized the Kunqu music that had been passed down from the imperial palace to Chushu, which had been prevalent for many years, and added gongs and drums as percussion instruments, which became the Chushu Shifan Gongs and Drums (also known as Wukun).

The music of the Chuzhou Shifan Gongs and Drums is divided into three parts: the first part is instrumental music, the second part is singing, and the third part is percussion. The instrumental music has a beautiful melody and a strong flavor of ancient music. The lyrics of the cantata are of high literary quality, most of which are healthy and uplifting words and phrases for the pursuit of a better life. The gongs and drums of the percussion are different from the rhythm of modern opera and folk percussion, which is characterized by a steady rhythm, a clear distinction between weight and lightness, and the alternation of various instruments to play various points, which is unique and mostly in the form of rows of plates. The three voices can be divided into instrumental music and singing as a whole plus percussion, singing a section and then the percussion alone to play a variety of gongs and drums.

Chuzhou once had more than ten folk groups (then called tangzi) that played ten gongs and drums, such as the Grain An Tang, Xing An Tang, Jian An Tang, etc. The most famous one was the Grain An Tang, which played ten gongs and drums. The most famous one is Grain An Tang, most of their personnel are made up of the bosses of grain houses and some merchants of cloth houses in the generation of the south gate of Chuzhou, and they are the best performers. The second is the Hsing An Tang, which is composed of businessmen doing small trades and some craftsmen in the area under the river. Whenever the lunar calendar April 28th Dutian will be and the first day of May Dongyue Temple, each hall will recruit all the artists teamed up, walking the streets and lanes, and finally converge to the Dongyue Temple to play the ring, loud and lively, the people are very favorite.

The instruments used in the performance are: two bamboo flutes (for the leading instrument, bamboo flute played by two people, one left-handed, one right-handed. The end of the flute has a silk spike, giving people a sense of beauty), two xiao, two bamboo pipes, two pan sheng, two pipa, two erhu, two jinghu. Percussion instruments include the ban drum and the tang drum. There are one large gong, one small gong, one sugar gong, one bugle, one wooden fish, one bell, and one clapperboard. There are about twenty players. The form of playing can be divided into two types: sitting and walking. Sitting style is when the artists are free or other festivals to sit together to play for people to enjoy. Sometimes they also play for their own enjoyment. Walking type is to play on the street, artists dressed in robes and hats, plus a larger sedan chair, carried by eight people to play while walking.

Since 2000, the Chizhou Shifan Gongs and Drums have been excavated and organized by the Cultural Center of Chizhou District and basically restored. The Chizhou Shifan Gongs and Drums, also known as "Yizhixiang", belongs to the Qingyang cavity system, which is basically a song form. The gongs and drums have "long whammy", "sitting whammy", "falling whammy" and "sharp whammy", "Argumentative Punch", "Wen San Punch", "Wen Wu Punch", "Shun San Punch", "Three Whip Horses", "Rapid Wind", "Yin Punch", "Twisted Silk" and more than ten other kinds.

The accompanying instruments are mainly gongs and drums, with horns and suona added at a later stage, and their sound effects are particularly resounding, unrestrained, smooth and high. This folk instrumental music, prevalent in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, mostly played in the Lantern Festival, and later through the processing, transformation and enrichment of successive generations of high-cavity artists, not only retained the "section of the drums, the tone of the clamor", "a person singing and the crowd" of the characteristics of the high-cavity, and gradually broke through the constraints of the song form, which is a very important part of the music. It not only retained the characteristics of "its rhythm is drumming" and "one person sings for all", but also gradually broke through the constraints of the song form, developed into "rolling white, rolling singing", and played while traveling, transitioned from the song form to the plate form, and was applied to the accompaniment of the Meilian Opera. The main songs circulating in the countryside of Chizhou are "Wandao Sha", "Partridge Sky", "Soap and Green Robe", "Four Dynasties", and 52 others. "There are 52 pieces in the piece, which are played by gongs, drums, drums, cymbals, cymbals, suona, flutes, cloud boards and other instruments. The whole piece utilizes a variety of percussion instruments with different tones, accompanied by the beautiful melody of suona silk and bamboo, which is blown delicately and elegantly.

In 1959, Ding Bangqing, a blind artist from Hongfang Township, Dongzhi County, used the ukulele to play the "ten gongs and drums" composed of "Magpies Dengzhi", "Dragonflies Dotting the Water" and "Upside Down Bugs", and won an award at the Anqing Regional Literary and Artistic Performance. 1993, the then Jiu Huashan Management Office and the Culture Bureau of the Chizhou Administrative Office*** invested in a project to make the "ten gongs and drums" into an art form, which is now being developed into an art form. Investment, the "ten gongs and drums" re-marked and organized rehearsals, in the eleventh Jiuhuashan temple fair during the grand performance.

Since the 21st century, the urban and rural folk culture and entertainment activities in Chizhou City have been developing vigorously, and the number of "grass-roots" troupes in the countryside has gradually increased, and the backbone of the farmers' art team has continued to grow, which has given the ten gongs and drums the opportunity to show their styles. Nowadays, Shifan gongs and drums are not only used in the performance of drama, opera and lanterns, but also penetrated into the folk community rituals, temple fairs, family celebrations and the opening of enterprises, factories, and other celebratory activities, and have become one of the indispensable recreational activities for the masses. A folk singer sang: "Ten times the drums and gongs knocked up, dancing and singing inseparable from the opera, marrying the bride scene to, the celebration of the activities of the next time to come, the next time to come, well-off life happy."