What are the differences between English and Chinese grammar rules?

As two highly developed languages, Chinese and English have similar thinking essence, but slightly different thinking angles.

For example, both Chinese and English have two basic sentence patterns:

1. Family dining table; That is, what is what?

2. Subject and object. In other words, what did what?

For example:

Examples of major system representations:

China: I'm a student.

L 1: I am a student.

Examples of subject-predicate object:

China: I love you.

L 1: I love you.

As can be seen from the above examples, from the big point of view, from the output order of subject, predicate and object, the expression order of Chinese and English is the same. Only for some subordinate elements, such as subject and object, Chinese and English adopt different ways, that is, Chinese adopts preposition method and English adopts postposition method.

Examples of Chinese and English attributives:

L 1: This is the book I want. Attributive preposition

L 1: Is this the book? What I want. Attributive post

Many people think that English grammar is very different from Chinese grammar because they don't really understand English grammar. At the same time, English, as two highly mature languages, can express the same meaning, so English has such a grammar and Chinese has a corresponding grammar. Just as many people say that English has tenses, why doesn't Chinese have tenses? This statement is all wet! Chinese also has tenses, such as Chinese:

General present tense, general past tense, general future tense, general past future tense;

Now is irregular, the past is irregular, and the future is irregular;

Present continuous tense, past continuous tense, future continuous tense, past continuous tense;

Present perfect tense, past perfect tense, future perfect tense, past future perfect tense;

Present perfect continuous tense, past perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense, past future perfect continuous tense;

There is a strict one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and English tenses. China students don't know that there is such a tense in Chinese because they are fascinated by the authorities, just like a fish doesn't know that it is in the water.

Example:

General present tense:

L 1: I go to school every day. (Normal, long-term constant action state)

L 1: I go to school every day.

Present continuous tense:

L 1: I'm eating. (abnormal state, also called progressive state, can perceive the continuation of action)

L 1: I'm eating. (abnormal state, also called progressive state, can perceive the continuation of action)

As can be seen from the above examples, there is a strict one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and English tenses. It's just that the English language is strict, and "tense" and "state" must be distinguished in strict forms, such as:

L 1: I don't go to school every day. The concept of "time" is not clearly expressed in form, but in the context of dialogue. Every day is not about the present, the past or the future. )

L 1: I don't go to school every day. (do stands for "time"; Go stands for "state")

Present continuous tense:

L 1: I'm eating. The concept of "time" is not clearly expressed in form, but in the context of dialogue.

L 1: I'm eating.

From the above analysis, we can see that there is not much difference between English grammar and Chinese grammar, but when learning a language, we turn a blind eye to the grammar of our mother tongue and fail to understand English grammar thoroughly, which directly leads to the failure to achieve the same frequency vibration of thinking when understanding Chinese and English, and therefore mistakenly believe that there is a great difference between Chinese and English grammar and thinking.

There are still too many students who have too many questions and puzzles about English grammar. You can refer to the following posts, and it will be clear after reading them.

Many students often ask questions about how to learn English, such as how to learn words, how to learn grammar, how to learn spoken English and so on. Now I list these questions one by one and give the following answers:

1. What is English thinking?

A: English thinking literally has two meanings, one is thinking in English and the other is thinking contained in English. The latter is the way and angle of thinking in English, that is, the thinking and its principles contained in English grammar rules. Therefore, the premise of thinking in English correctly is to master thinking and its principles in English grammar first.

2. What is English language sense?

A: Language sense is the feeling of language, which refers to the perceptual experience gained in the process of learning and using English. Language sense is not the same as language law, but a vague perceptual cognition of language law, so many times your language sense is not reliable. Many people want to establish and strengthen their sense of language through a lot of listening, speaking, reading and writing, hoping that the way to finally get English thinking will not work, or get twice the result with half the effort.

3. What is grammar?

A: Grammar is the law of language, which is highly concise. Grammar and language have a * * * relationship. With language, there is grammar.

4. Why do you have to learn grammar in English instead of in your mother tongue?

A: The reason why we don't learn grammar in our mother tongue is because we live in a mother tongue environment and come into contact with our mother tongue every day. At the same time, as we grew up from birth, our parents taught word for word and changed word for word, thus unconsciously generating the grammatical rules of our mother tongue in countless repetitions. As a foreign language, we can only get a little limited practice in English class. Dozens of students can't get a lot of effective exercises and corrections like learning their mother tongue, so they can't learn correct English grammar rules like learning their mother tongue. Because we can't be born this way, but we need this set of grammar rules to restrict and ensure our correct use of English, then we have to learn grammar rules.

5. Why is grammar so difficult?

A: It is not difficult for those who are difficult to learn. Traditional English teaching did not really understand English grammar, did not establish a complete and systematic English grammar system, and did not really realize the thinking essence contained in English grammar rules, which led to the shift in English teaching, resulting in confusion and disorder in understanding a large number of grammar concepts, tearing and disorder of grammar structure, and the original simple and systematic grammar system was fragmented and full of loopholes.

Grammar has discouraged many people, and the bulky grammar books in bookstores have also contributed. They are thousands of pages thick and divided into several volumes. Imagine how many people can patiently read it? Invisibly, it has caused great psychological pressure on readers and formed the impression that English grammar is very complicated and difficult to learn.

English grammar is very simple. Learners above junior high school can understand and master it thoroughly and systematically in dozens of classes, and it doesn't take decades to study.

6. After studying English for many years, why can't you understand, write or speak?

A: In addition to the above reasons, it is still caused by the lack of solid grammar and word foundation. English articles are composed of sentences, which are composed of subject, predicate, object, definite, form and complement. Predicate is the core of a sentence, with various changes in tense and voice, so if the grammar is solid, the predicate part can be written correctly no matter how it changes. Other parts besides predicates are composed of words, phrases and clauses, which have corresponding voice and tense changes. Poor grammar and vocabulary will directly lead to obstacles in listening, speaking, reading and writing.

7. Is there a shortcut to English learning?

A: As the saying goes, sharpening a knife does not mistake a woodcutter. There are shortcuts to everything, and there must be scientific planning and arrangement, and you can't start hastily. For example, some students start with words, recite dictionaries from the first page, give up soon, then start again, give up again, and finally give up completely; Some students start with grammar and are at a loss when faced with many grammar books. They chose a thick book at random and began to learn, but gave up halfway. There are still many students who start with a lot of listening, reading and memory, and think that quantitative change will eventually lead to qualitative change ... The result is very miserable and the effect is little.

There are shortcuts to English learning. This shortcut is to learn from the experience and accumulation of others, choose the good ones to follow, and change the bad ones, instead of blindly retracing the long road of exploration that predecessors have gone through. English learning can be enjoyable, and correct and efficient English learning should be carried out in the following order:

1. First, thoroughly study grammar and establish a complete and systematic English grammar system, that is, establish a global vision of English grammar. At this point, you have established a powerful English grammar processor in your mind, and the grammatical obstacles in English reading and writing have been eliminated, so you have really entered the expressway of English learning. How to learn grammar quickly and efficiently? See the video course "English Thinking: 10 Building a Perfect English Framework System in Classroom" and the book of the same name "English Thinking: Deciphering English Grammar Principles".

2. After the grammar barrier is eliminated, all that remains is listening, speaking, reading, writing and learning words. At this time, the best way to learn English is to improve your listening, speaking, reading and writing skills by watching and learning a large number of original TV dramas.

Grammar and thinking can be established quickly, while vocabulary, listening, speaking, reading and writing need lifelong learning.

8. What if there is no language environment for learning English?

A: With the language environment, you may not be able to speak English well. A large number of overseas Chinese can't use English fluently. Many overseas Chinese have signed up for online video courses to learn English in China. There are even examples where parents who send their children abroad take their children back to China to study English. The reason is very simple, because the English foundation is too weak, and after several exchanges, I can't understand it myself and foreigners can't understand it, which leads to mutual reluctance to communicate again. A large number of people have never been abroad and have no English environment, but they have a good command of English, so having no English environment is not the most important thing.

But the English environment is really important. Without it, it's like learning to swim without a swimming pool. At this time, we need to create our own English environment. So how to create an English environment? The answer is to watch the original sound film and television drama. The original soundtrack film and television drama has the most authentic English environment, pure spoken language, standard pronunciation and huge vocabulary, and is the most practical vocabulary and spoken language in daily work and life. And you can fast forward and rewind, with sound, pictures and plots, and you don't have to look up unfamiliar words. What kind of language environment can be better than the original film and television drama? It's not enough to look at it once. Read it twice, three times, ten times and twenty times until you blurt it out. Which dialogues will you not understand and which words will you not know?

9. Learn English and find a foreign teacher, okay?

A: Foreign teachers have their advantages in teaching everyone to speak English and practice some simple dialogues, but they are different from Chinese teachers in teaching words and grammar. If foreign teachers are allowed to teach grammar, it is difficult for students to understand only some common terms in grammar, let alone fully understand the systematic grammatical description and explanation. Let foreign teachers teach us English grammar just like let us teach foreigners Chinese grammar. Most of us turn a blind eye to Chinese grammar and take it for granted. The same is true for most foreign teachers, that is, the so-called authorities are obsessed with the grammar of their mother tongue, but they are at a loss. Therefore, we don't need to blindly trust foreign teachers. At the same time, the British and Americans did not really understand the inherent nature and mutual relationship of English grammar, and did not establish a complete and systematic English grammar system. So don't deify foreigners' understanding of English. It is precisely because of the confused grammatical cognition of the British and Americans that it is so difficult for us in China to learn English.

Compared with teaching oral English abroad, watching the original film and television plays is undoubtedly much better and more cost-effective. Of course, if you want to practice oral English, you'd better find a foreign teacher to practice.

10. How to learn English by watching the original TV dramas?

A: I have already talked about how to create a language environment for myself by using original sound film and television dramas, so what do you think of original sound film and television dramas?

The first is the choice of original sound film and television drama. For students with weak foundation, you can choose some original sound film and television dramas with simple content and bilingual subtitles, such as children's movies such as Fantasy Genie and Lonely Home, which have less dialogue and are easier to understand. You can also choose some classic movies, such as Roman Holiday and Forrest Gump, and watch them several times to increase your interest in original film and television dramas. Students with a good foundation can choose short and incomprehensible original film and television dramas such as The Big Bang Theory and Hostage, which are rich in content, interesting in plot, rich in dialogue and vocabulary. It often takes 60 minutes to watch a 20-minute film and television drama with music carefully, so try to choose about 30 minutes, otherwise it will be very tiring to watch it all.

The first time I watched it, I enjoyed the original film and television drama with ease, became familiar with the plot and entertained.

Read carefully the second time, understand every line, look up every new word, and don't let go of every slang.

The third time is much easier on the basis of the second time. Continue to consolidate the results of the second time and get familiar with useful spoken English and important new words.

The fourth time I saw it ...

......

Watch it for the tenth time … you can basically get off the screen.

After watching it for ten times, the new words in the play are basically eliminated and the dialogue in the play is basically mastered. When you watch more dramas and watch more times, you will encounter fewer new words, but your oral listening will be better and better, and the number of times you need to watch each episode will be less and less. If you can watch TV plays, take notes and consolidate them repeatedly, the effect will be better and the efficiency will be higher.

Oral English training can not only be practiced synchronously while watching drama, but also be practiced while taking notes while resting and walking, with better results.

It is not easy to read novels, articles, only words, no sound, no pictures, once. Few people can watch it twice, three times or ten times, but they can watch the original film and television drama.

Finally, there is an important premise for learning English by watching original movies and TV series, that is, you have eliminated the grammatical obstacles, otherwise you still need to thoroughly understand grammar first.

Welcome to add the subscription number: thebigbang0 1. Learn every episode of The Big Bang Theory from the teacher.

Do you need to recite English words?

A: English words don't need to be memorized. Rote memorization is painful. Once learning something is painful, there must be something wrong. The learning and memory of English words can only be mastered naturally and step by step like the vocabulary learning of mother tongue. Anyone who is eager for quick success by rote will forget it sooner or later. Speaking of this, many people will think of some courses, such as memorizing 5000 words a month and 10000 words a month. People who are eager for quick success and instant benefit often scratch the surface, get familiar with it, and cope with the exam. When the exam is over, what they have learned will be gone. The method of memorizing root affixes is not advisable. It is not easy to remember and understand a large number of root affixes, let alone a large number of words. Every word has many usages, meanings, parts of speech and phrase collocations. How to learn by heart and master it in just one month? Think about how many radicals we memorized when learning Chinese characters. Have you traced back to the source to find out? Of course, if you like it and have plenty of time, that's another matter.

Words don't need to be memorized, so how to learn them?

As mentioned above, learning in film and television dramas and remembering in constant repetition. Don't let go of every new word, get close to every new word and understand it comprehensively. It's like entering a new school and facing new classmates. Only by close contact with each other and observing each other, their voices, smiles, personality characteristics, names and names will be gradually printed in their hearts like spring breeze and rain. This is the real learning of words, and this is the real mastering of words.

Of course, if you want to get familiar with the exam in a short time, you can also consider a crash course.

12. Can we learn English to the level of native speakers?

A: We can be infinitely close, but it is difficult to achieve. Think foreigners can appreciate Tang poetry and Song poetry in the Red Chamber and the Three Kingdoms like us? It's hard! It is also difficult for us to reach the level of native English speakers in learning English, and it is also difficult for us to reach their level only in vocabulary.

The picture above shows the age vocabulary distribution of native English speakers. As can be seen from the above figure, the vocabulary of native English speakers aged 3-8 is about 10000, that of 8- 18 is 20000, that of 18-38 is close to 30000, and that of some experts and scholars is 50000-.

And how can our vocabularies of 5000 and 10000 compare with those of native English speakers of 5000 and 10000?

People often ask if they can understand the original film and television drama. The listening difficulty of the original film and television drama is much higher than that of English news. English news broadcast has a fixed pattern, fixed vocabulary, clear pronunciation, consistent speech speed and less interference; The original film and television drama is different. Different occasions, different people, different background music, different accents, different speech speeds, different themes, different cultures, different histories, different dialects, different slang, cadences, different sizes ... Think about it. When we watch domestic movies, sometimes we have to watch subtitles, let alone English.

But don't give up just because you can't. At least we can communicate, read, appreciate, entertain, work and travel around the world. So I don't need to put too much pressure on myself or set an unattainable goal. Learning English is for my use and pleasure.

13. How to improve yourself when you encounter bottlenecks in English learning?

A: Most of the students who encounter the bottleneck of English learning have studied English for many years, and their application and understanding of English have accumulated considerably. However, on the way to continue learning English, they find that no matter how hard they try, their English ability is hard to improve. They can't find the problem, as if they have met a transparent wall, which they can't cross and can't start.

It is embodied in the following two aspects:

1. vocabulary: They find that even though they have memorized a large number of words, perhaps 5000 or 10000, they always find their vocabulary stretched when using them, but they all know that they can't think of or use them flexibly when using them.

2. Grammar: They find that even if they are familiar with grammar rules, they always feel that they can't use them easily in speaking, listening, reading and writing. When expressing their understanding, they always feel that the meaning has not been finished, and even they often hesitate.

As can be seen from the above two aspects, the fundamental reason is that English words and grammar are not really mastered. The so-called large number of words is actually an illusion. A large number of words are only limited to the cognitive level, and many of their parts of speech and meanings are not mastered at all. The so-called familiarity with grammar is actually an illusion The understanding of many grammar rules is only superficial, but it doesn't really understand its essence, so it will be rigid and mechanical when used, but it can't be used flexibly. Therefore, we should start from the root, lay a solid foundation of words and grammar, truly grasp the part of speech and meaning of every word we have learned, and truly understand and thoroughly understand the essence of every grammatical rule. When you really master a huge vocabulary and really establish the framework and system of English grammar, with the study and training of a large number of original movies and TV series, the final quantitative change leads to qualitative change, which makes your English learning thoroughly transformed.

14. Is the child a genius in language learning?

A: It takes a long time for children to learn a language, and it takes parents and teachers to repeat and correct it countless times before they can master it slowly. This process often takes more than ten years. However, adults can learn and master a foreign language quickly by using scientific methods because of the establishment of their mother tongue ability and their cognition of a large number of things. Therefore, from this perspective, the language learning ability of adults is far superior to that of children. Learning programming can be used as an analogy to learning a language. When you learn C++ for the first time, you will learn very slowly (like a child). When you master C++, it will be easy to learn Java (like an adult). Adults are often disturbed by work and life when learning a language, and children are not guided and corrected by their parents and teachers in every possible way, so they can't be as attentive and natural as children when learning a language, thus giving everyone the illusion that children are language geniuses.

15. How to improve your interest in learning English?

Answer: English can't be learned as an academic task, but because you like it or really use it for yourself, you have the motivation to learn English. So how can we get this kind of motivation? Do you like traveling around the world? It seems that it is difficult to move without knowing English; Do you like watching British and American blockbusters? Wouldn't it be cool to be able to read the original subtitles? Do you like foreign games? It is crazy not to read English instructions; Want to be a master programmer? Poor English may be difficult ... there are many reasons why you want to learn English ... but for most people, nothing can cultivate your interest in learning English better than watching original movies and TV programs, with ready-made sources and a wide range of topics (love, war, police, biography, records, etc. ), wonderful plot and exotic scenery bring you joy and improve your English study imperceptibly. So when your interest in learning English is not so deep, watch more original movies.