The main reasons for the formation of water culture in southern China

The function of culture refers to the function and efficiency played by a culture. A full understanding of the function of water culture is of great significance to deeply explore and carry forward the rich connotation of traditional water culture and fully understand the historical significance and practical value of traditional water culture in China. The function of water culture is multifaceted, mainly in the following aspects:

First, the inoculation function

It gave birth to the survival and development of human civilization and nation. On our planet, since our ancestor apes, there is not a day without dealing with water. Whether paleolithic culture or Neolithic culture, most of them are produced along rivers, lakes and seas. The formation and development of a nation always goes hand in hand with the formation and development of culture, first of all, the formation and development of water culture. Therefore, water culture participated in the whole process of the birth and development of human civilization and the Chinese nation, and catalyzed the survival and development of human civilization and the Chinese nation. Civilization refers to the state of social development, which is relative to the period of ignorance and barbarism. The origin and development of human civilization are inseparable from water. Since the connection between man and water produced water culture, water culture has formed an indissoluble bond with the survival and development of human civilization. The Nile gave birth to ancient Egyptian civilization, the Euphrates and Tigris gave birth to ancient Babylonian civilization, the Indus gave birth to ancient Indian civilization, and the Yellow River and the Yangtze River gave birth to Chinese civilization. The rise and fall of these four civilizations are also closely related to the situation of water and water culture. After nearly 4000 years of development, ancient Babylonian civilization was buried under the desert for nearly 2000 years. The fundamental reason is that the Babylonians only knew how to draw water for irrigation, but did not know how to drain and wash the fields. Due to insufficient drainage, the groundwater level in Mesopotamia Plain continued to rise, and silt and land became salinized, and finally the Babylonian ecosystem collapsed. Tall temples and beautiful gardens collapsed as Macedonian conquerors rebuilt their capital, forcing people to leave their homes. Now, Babylonia, Iraq,

Second, the educational function

Enlightenment function is the function of education and influence, which is the basic function of all cultures. "Culture" is to "transform" people with "literature". The educational function of water culture is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

One is to improve people's ideological and moral quality. As an ideological culture, water culture has a subtle influence on people's ideas, moral sentiments, spiritual will and intellectual ability. For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has learned many wise philosophies in the process of understanding, managing, developing, protecting and appreciating water. Many characteristics of water, a natural substance, can inspire people to be brave, firm, tolerant, sensitive, down-to-earth, just, helpful, courteous and play an important role in shaping people's virtues. There used to be a famous saying that "take water as a teacher", such as "the water is too full, which means modesty and prudence; Shallow water flows, but the depth of water is unpredictable ",which means doing things with wisdom; Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it ",which means to look at the problem dialectically." Water under the bridge "means to think twice; A drop of grace is rewarded with a spring ",which means to repay kindness with kindness." Good as water, How much water there is in the Tao, and The Knower is happy with water are all based on water. In today's words, it is water that inspires people to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, to be noble, pure, not vulgar and beneficial to the people, to be a new person with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, and to be a person with all-round development.

The second is to improve people's scientific and cultural knowledge. Scientific and cultural knowledge is an important content of water culture. China has accumulated rich and advanced knowledge of water science and culture through thousands of years of water control practice, and has been at the forefront of the world for a long time. We should inherit and develop it through teaching. Nowadays, intangible assets such as knowledge and knowledge have become the first factor of production in resource allocation, which requires people to enhance their cultural awareness, change their concepts, unify their thinking, gradually shift the development of water conservancy from relying mainly on tangible assets to relying on intangible assets such as intelligence and knowledge, and apply high technology to arm modern water conservancy and promote the modernization of water conservancy. These are the objective requirements for developing modern water culture.

The third is to improve the water awareness of the whole society. Water consciousness includes love the water, cherishing water, protecting water and flood consciousness. Water and social progress are closely related to economic development and people's lives. Water culture is not only the culture of water industry, but also the culture of the whole society. It is an urgent and arduous task to call on the whole society to pay more attention to, cherish and protect water resources by promoting water culture. Therefore, water culture should enter the minds of rural areas, cities, factories, communities, schools and everyone. Through the publicity and education of water culture, let the broad masses of people know the preciousness of water resources, the importance of protecting water resources and the harm caused by floods and droughts, and let the broad masses of people work together to build a water-saving and pollution-proof society.

Third, the leading function

As a form of thinking, culture comes from practice and is higher than practice, so it can guide practice. Advanced water culture includes scientific water theory, water control thought and advanced technology. , including the principles and policies of water conservancy work, has an important guiding role in the development of water conservancy. Ichiro Matsufuku, Director-General of UNESCO, said: "The management and governance of water resources should give full consideration to cultural and biological diversity. Water actually has a powerful cultural function. Although science and technology are very important for understanding the water cycle and using water resources, they need to adapt to the specific environment and reflect people's needs and expectations, which are influenced by social and cultural factors. Water resources management itself should be regarded as a cultural process. " Therefore, advanced water culture plays an important leading role in water conservancy development. Taking the new concept of water control as an example, the connotation of water culture has at least three points:

First, the difference between traditional water conservancy and modern water conservancy lies in people's different ideas. The function of water culture is to change traditional ideas and make people's ideas adapt to the new situation of water conservancy development.

Second, the important difference between traditional water conservancy and modern water conservancy lies in the different level of scientific and technological development. The role of water culture lies in the requirement of arming modern water conservancy with high technology and truly implementing the development strategy of "invigorating water through science and education".

Thirdly, the basic requirement of sustainable development of water conservancy is to regard water as an important strategic resource, and promote the continuous development of water conservancy from the perspective of the interrelated and coordinated development of population, environment, economy and society. This is also the fundamental requirement of water culture research, because water culture understands the position and function of water from the close relationship between water and people, water and society. Moreover, only sustainable cultural strength, that is, sustainable spiritual motivation and intellectual support, can achieve sustainable utilization of water resources and sustainable economic and social development. In this sense, the new concept of water control is the new development and achievement of China's water theory and water culture, which will surely lead China's water conservancy to a new development stage.

Fourth, the cohesive function

In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Hu Jintao proposed to "build a socialist core value system and enhance the attraction and cohesion of socialist ideology". Cohesion is the core function of water culture, and its cohesion function is mainly reflected by core values. Values refer to the value system that everyone has the criteria of "good" and "bad" and "right" and "wrong" about things, which is formed by the value pursuit and value criteria that are condensed, standardized and mobilized by many individuals.

Without the culture of its own industry and the guidance of its advanced ideas, spiritual pillars and philosophical theories, the water conservancy industry will have no ideological basis for unity and struggle, it will be difficult to maintain its long-term existence and development, it will not meet the requirements of modern society, and it will not have a better future. Therefore, to practice the socialist core value system in the water conservancy industry, we should gradually form the core values of the water conservancy industry in order to gather strength. In 2009, when talking about strengthening the construction of water culture in the report of the National Water Conservancy Work Conference, Minister Chen Lei pointed out: "Consolidate strength with the grand goal of sustainable development of water conservancy, lead practice with the important concept of people's livelihood water conservancy, and inspire fighting spirit with the spirit of' dedication, responsibility and seeking truth'. This speech has important implications for the formation of the core values of the water conservancy industry.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) motivates.

Motivation is a psychological process to stimulate people's behavioral motivation and arouse their enthusiasm. Incentive function is to encourage people to make continuous progress and enterprising. The motivation function of water culture is mainly spiritual motivation. The spirit of water and water conservancy industry embodies the great wisdom, creative ability and excellent quality of the Chinese nation, inspiring the vast number of water conservancy workers to work hard for the interests of the people and forge ahead, creating the glory of water conservancy through the ages. For example, the great flood fighting spirit of "United as one, not afraid of difficulties, tenacious struggle, perseverance and courage to win" is the great development of patriotism, collectivism and socialist spirit and the concentrated expression of the Chinese national spirit. Inspired countless flood-fighting heroes to risk their lives, forget their lives, go to the disaster generously, and feel like death, which touched the world and the world. It is inspired by this revolutionary heroism that our great Chinese nation can always stand among the nations of the world. The spirit of "dedication, responsibility and truth-seeking" in the water conservancy industry has enriched and developed the spiritual connotation of the Chinese nation, and has become the spiritual pillar of contemporary water conservancy workers, inspiring the vast number of water conservancy workers to work hard to realize the sound and rapid development of modern water conservancy in China.

Sixth, inherit the function.

Inheritance function refers to the function that water culture can be inherited and developed through communication, inheritance and teaching because of its historical continuity and inheritance. Once any culture is formed, it will not only affect the present, but also affect the future. In the long-term practice of water control, the Chinese nation has not only created brilliant civilization achievements, but also had lessons of hardship and failure, which deserves our full attention and reference today. In the theory of water control, Dayu used the method of "dredging" to control water, which had a great influence on the understanding of the relationship between blocking and dredging in later generations. The "best policy" in Jia Rang's three strategies for river management in the Western Han Dynasty fully embodies the idea of harmonious coexistence between man and flood. Pan Jixun's strategy for harnessing the Yellow River summarized in his long-term practice embodies the systematic, holistic and dialectical concept of harnessing the Yellow River, which is still of great significance to today's harnessing the Yellow River. In the construction of water conservancy projects, such as Dujiangyan main project, the Minjiang River is divided into two streams, one of which is introduced into Chengdu Plain, which can not only divert floods and reduce disasters, but also achieve the purpose of diverting water to irrigate farmland and turning harm into benefit. The swirl theory has been well applied in the design of Sha Fei weir, and it is a model of following and utilizing natural laws in today's hydraulic design. As early as the beginning of the 65438+5th century, the rainwater utilization project was established in Beijing Beihai Park Tuancheng. Dry paving inverted trapezoidal blue bricks on the ground, deep-buried seepage drainage culvert and other methods have played a very good role in saving water and storing water, making the ancient trees here stand for 800 years, lush and evergreen all the year round. In the practice of water conservancy management, it also contains rich cultural, scientific and technical connotations. The continuation of many irrigation areas is the continuation of management. The laws, regulations and experiences left by ancient Chinese water conservancy management also provide reference for today's water conservancy management.

Seven, aesthetic function

Aesthetics is a practical activity to appreciate and create beauty, and a psychological activity to meet people's spiritual needs. Beauty is one of the basic contents of moral norms. As the saying goes, everyone loves beauty. However, what is beauty will vary with people's cultural accomplishment and aesthetic taste. The higher the education level, the higher the ability to appreciate beauty and create beauty, and they can meet people's spiritual needs with more beautiful things. Here we mainly look at the aesthetic function of water culture from two aspects: water environment and water engineering.

Judging from the water environment, water has indeed created many infinitely beautiful realms for us. Endless oceans, rolling rivers, gurgling streams, waterfalls, sparkling lakes and clear mountain springs constitute thousands of charming "water bodies" scenery on the earth, which, combined with nature and humanities, form wonderful, colorful, elegant and unique scenic spots, giving people beautiful enjoyment. "The Yellow River Wan Li sand, waves scouring the Tianya wind. Now go directly to the Milky Way, to the home of Penny and Weaver Girl. " Liu Yuxi's Waves on the Sand depicts the weather hanging high in the sky at the source of the Yellow River, as if it were pouring down from the Milky Way in the sky. Su Shi's poem "Rain after Drinking Chu Qing on the Lake" said: "The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy. Compared with West Lake and West Lake, it is always appropriate to make up for it. " Because the poet vividly compared the West Lake to the ancient beauty stone of Yue State, the West Lake has another nickname: Xizi Lake. These water landscapes, which make countless heroes compete for beauty, are beautiful.

From the perspective of water engineering, in the past, we often only paid attention to the technical level of water engineering and ignored the artistic effect of the project itself. It is true that as a water engineering architect, we should pay attention to the technical problems such as whether the water engineering saves materials, achieves the best water conservancy effect, is safe for this place, meets the traffic, and is in harmony with the whole human landscape, but we seldom pay attention to the cultural function and aesthetic value of this water engineering. In this way, a large number of water conservancy projects are the same, and it is difficult to find symbolic and symbolic water conservancy construction facilities. With the continuous improvement of people's material and cultural living standards in China, people pay more attention to the cultural functions of water conservancy projects and water environment while meeting the requirements of eliminating pests and promoting benefits, and improve the cultural needs of being hydrophilic, love the water and playing with water. In this case, in the architectural design of water conservancy projects, we should update the concept of design and construction, pay more attention to the cultural connotation and humanistic color of water conservancy projects, not only integrate the essence of traditional water culture in China, show the artistic charm with the flavor of the times, but also conform to the popular form of China people, form the architectural style of water conservancy projects with China characteristics, and highlight the gorgeous color of contemporary water culture and architectural culture in China. Make every water project a handicraft combining the excellent national cultural tradition with the spirit of the times, an ideal tourist attraction, a good place for leisure and entertainment, an elegant place to cultivate sentiment, meet people's cultural needs of being hydrophilic, love the water, swimming, leisure and entertainment, and provide a beautiful environment for beautifying people's lives and improving people's quality of life.

The river diversion in Beijing is a typical example to improve the aesthetic value of water conservancy projects. The design of Zhuanhe landscape breaks through the previous idea of separating water, people and scenery, and restores the natural attributes of the river. The main idea is to connect history and lead to the future. River diversion management uses waterscapes, sculptures, sketches, ecological landscapes, waterfront corridors, bridges and culverts, etc. to integrate the historical connotation of the long river into landscape design and reproduce the historical vicissitudes of the long river for hundreds of years. The whole project is divided into six scenic spots: historical and cultural park scenic spot, waterscape scenic spot, ecological garden scenic spot, stacked stone waterscape scenic spot, waterfront veranda scenic spot and hydrophilic home scenic spot. It appears like a dazzling necklace in front of the citizens, making the riverside area a hydrophilic space with pleasant landscape and environment, and broadening the idea of building a three-dimensional riverside with people and water in a narrow urban area.

Eight, standardize the function

The normative function of water culture refers to the function of standardizing the behavior of water culture at the practical level. It mainly includes two aspects: first, laws, regulations, rules, institutional measures and other mandatory behavioral norms, which are the concentrated expression of the cultural function of the system in water culture and a non-emotional and over-will mandatory normative function. This normative function of water culture not only regulates the behavior of people engaged in water activities, but also requires all people in the whole society to abide by it. For example, the people of China and citizens of China must abide by the People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Law. Second, people have long followed the basic morality, habits, codes of conduct and standards for judging the value of water conservancy, which is an inherent mandatory normative function of emotion and consciousness. For example, our vast number of water conservancy workers have worked hard on the water conservancy front for a long time in order to eliminate floods, promote water and benefit the people, and have made silent contributions to the development of water conservancy in China. For another example, every flood season, the more risky and urgent the situation, the more we need to measure the water level and check the water regime, which have become the basic moral norms and codes of conduct formed by water conservancy workers in the long-term water control activities.