Characteristics, costumes, customs and festivals of Zhuang folk houses

Zhuang nationality has its own language, and Zhuang language belongs to Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There are two dialects, North and South, but the grammatical structure and basic vocabulary are basically the same. The two major dialects in North and South are roughly bounded by Yujiang and Youjiang, and extend to Guangnan and Yanshan in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

Northern dialect accounts for about 2/3 of the Zhuang population and is divided into 8 dialect areas, namely Tanbei dialect, Youjiang dialect, Guibian dialect, Liujiang dialect, Guibei dialect, Hongshuihe dialect, Qiubei dialect and Lianshan dialect. The southern dialect accounts for about 1/3 of the Zhuang population, and is divided into five dialect areas, namely Tannan dialect, Zuojiang dialect, Dejing dialect, Yan Guang dialect and Marvin dialect.

Zhuang people also have their own characters. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, "vernacular Chinese" has been popular among the Zhuang people. This kind of writing is based on the combination of sound and meaning of Chinese characters. According to the statistics of the "Dictionary of Zhuang Ancient Characters" (the first draft) published by the Office of the Leading Group for the Arrangement and Publication of Ancient Books of Guangxi Ethnic Minorities in 1989, * * * has more than 10700 characters, of which 49 18 is defined as regular characters.

Zhuang people have no unified belief. There are many gods that Zhuang people believe in, such as Raytheon, Earth God, Boulder God, Tree God, Frog God, Flower God, Ancestor God and so on.

After Wei and Jin Dynasties, with the introduction of Taoism and Buddhism into Zhuang areas, the religious belief system of Zhuang people changed under its influence, forming a "religion" with primitive Mohism as the main body, integrating Taoism and Buddhism, and believing in many gods, and a semi-professional priest Shi Gong appeared.

2. clothes

Zhuang people's clothes are mainly blue-black dresses and trousers-style shorts. The Records of Diseases in Counties and Countries in the World records: "A strong man wears a short skirt, while a man wears a short shirt, which is called Li Tong, and his knees cannot be covered around his waist. Women also wear plum tubes with flower curtains around them. "

Zhuang men's wear is mostly Tang suit, with broken chest and double-breasted buttons, made of local homespun, without trousers, short collar and double-breasted tops, with a row of buttons (six to eight pairs), a pair of small pockets on the chest and two large pockets on the abdomen. The hem is folded inward into a wide edge, and the lower edge is symmetrically slit left and right.

Wear wide pants, which are knee-short. Some are leggings and headscarves. Wear shoes and hats (or black headscarves) in winter and barefoot in summer. Wear yuntou cloth shoes or double hook duck-billed shoes on holidays or when visiting relatives. Wear sandals at work.

Zhuang women's clothes are dignified and decent, simple and generous. Their general dress is blue and black, with slightly wider trouser legs, colorful printed or jacquard towels on their heads and exquisite aprons around their waists.

Dressed in navy blue or dark blue short-necked straight-breasted jackets (some have colored lace embroidered at the neckline, cuffs and lapels), they are divided into double lapels and partial lapels, lapels and lapels. There is a hidden pocket in the front of the abdomen, and several pairs of cloth buttons are sewn along the front edge. Wear wide, fat, black trousers (some have stripes of two different colors at the hem), an apron at the waist, and blue, red and green silk and cotton cloth at the knees of trousers.

Wear sandals and shoulder pads at work. Wear embroidered shoes at fairs, concerts or festivals. Zhuang women generally like to wear earrings, bracelets and collars. Clothing colors and trinkets vary slightly from place to place. There are two schools of coat length, most of which are waist-length and a few are knee-length.

3. Customs and habits

If there are guests visiting, they will always be warmly received. The host offered his seat for cigarettes and offered tea with both hands. Don't talk loudly if there are guests at home. Go in and out from behind the guests. When dining with guests, you should spread your legs shoulder-width apart and don't cross your legs.

The diet is mainly rice, corn and potatoes. It is considered that dog meat and game are delicacies. When eating, you must wait for the oldest old man to sit down before eating; The younger generation must not eat the dishes that the elders have not touched; Tea and rice must be served to elders and guests with both hands.

And it can't be passed from the front of the guests, nor can it be passed on to the elders from behind; Those who finish eating first should say "enjoy your meal" to their elders and guests before leaving; The younger generation can't eat the whole table.

Generally like to drink. It is very grand to have wine on the table to entertain guests. The custom of toasting is to have a drink. Actually, a white porcelain spoon is used instead of a cup. Women in Longzhou and other places also have the custom of chewing betel nuts. In some places, betel nuts are still a necessity for hospitality. I don't like carrots, tomatoes and celery.

Respecting the old and loving the young is the traditional virtue of Zhuang nationality. Old people in Lu Yu should take the initiative to say hello and give way. Don't cross your legs, swear or cross over the old people. When killing a chicken, the head and nose of the chicken must respect the old man.

Zhuang people are taboo to kill on the first day of the first lunar month; Young women in some areas avoid eating beef and dog meat; For the first three days (some for the first seven days), women were forbidden to let outsiders in; Women who have not yet given birth to a full moon are forbidden to visit their homes.

When you board the bamboo building of Zhuang people, you usually take off your shoes. Zhuang people are forbidden to wear hats and bring hoes or other farm tools into their homes. Tanghuo and bathhouse are the most sacred places in the Zhuang family. It is forbidden to step on the tripod and stove on the Tang Huo with your feet.

4. festivals

Most festivals of Zhuang nationality are the same as those of local Han nationality. Traditional folk festivals of Han nationality, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Spring and Autumn Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and New Year's Eve, are also festivals of Zhuang nationality. The festivals with national characteristics of Zhuang nationality include "March 3" Song Festival, "Niu Soul Festival" and "Central Plains Festival".

Extended data

Diet of Zhuang nationality:

Zhuang nationality is one of the earliest people who planted rice, and rice culture is very developed, so rice naturally becomes the staple food of Zhuang people. There are many ways to cook rice, such as steaming, boiling, frying, stewing and frying. All kinds of rice, rice porridge, rice noodles, rice cakes, rice cakes, zongzi and glutinous rice balls are the daily favorite foods of Zhuang people.

If mixed with other materials, it can be made into many more delicious and nutritious foods, such as eight-treasure rice, eight-treasure porridge, bamboo rice, pumpkin rice, "colored glutinous rice" and so on.

Zhuang people living in arid mountainous areas live on corn as their staple food because they are not suitable for growing rice. Zhuang people like draft products, fish clams and snails, which are rare; Mushrooms, cicadas, snakes, birds and animals in the mountains are also the daily food of Zhuang people.

Chewing betel nut is a traditional custom of Zhuang nationality, and Zhuang women in Longzhou and other places in Guangxi still have this hobby. In some places, betel nut is a necessity to entertain guests.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Zhuang nationality