What are the local varieties of Chinese sesame and their characteristics?

Chinese sesame varieties are rich in resources, is one of the world's largest number of varieties of cultivated species. So far it has collected more than 5000 domestic and foreign sesame germplasm resources, including more than 4000 domestic sesame resources and 208 foreign resources. Containing a variety of good varieties and excellent germplasm, is an important gene pool for sesame breeding.

China's sesame varieties since the 1930s to the mid-1960s, mainly utilizing local farm varieties. Before 1949, farmers around the world to choose their own local varieties, such as Henan planted more branching yellow sesame varieties such as Yushi willow green, Suiping small seed yellow, etc., Hubei planted high-yield and high-quality white sesame varieties, such as Tianmen short-footed whip, Shinyang eight fork, etc., Jiangxi often planted a short fertility, barrenness-resistant black sesame varieties, such as Jing Chai Ma, Wuning black, etc. In the 1950s, in the collection of varieties of farmers, In the 1950s, in the process of collecting and organizing farm varieties, the more widely distributed, large planting area, the masses reflect the good varieties of varieties of comparative testing, has identified more than 20 excellent local varieties for production use, such as the four-angled brown, eight tubes of white in the Northeast, Hebei's King's Whip, Baoding, tight mouth yellow, Henan, Shangcai, purple flowers and leaves of the two-three, Nanyang, eight branches of the Wuchang, Hubei, eight branches of Wuchang, Shinyang, rhinoceros horns, Xiangyang, the old red sesame, Anhui, Fuyang four-angled brown, Jiangxi, four-angled black sesame varieties, the Fuyang four-pronged brown, Jiangxi's Buddha seat, Wuning black, South China's Pingyuan dam head, pot-bellied sesame and so on.

Because of the different planting habits and planting levels in different places, the farm varieties in each region have certain characteristics. In North China and Northeast China, the planting of white sesame is dominated by single culm and branched varieties. Henan to plant yellow sesame mainly, most varieties of branching type. Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and southern China, single culm and branching type varieties are planted, Hubei and Anhui to white sesame-based, Jiangxi and southern China to black sesame-based.

Good farm varieties after a long period of natural selection and artificial selection, adaptability is strong, with a certain degree of resistance. However, due to farmers' long-term planting, easy to mix the phenomenon of degradation, yield potential is generally not high, poor quality, low resistance to stains and disease resistance, away from the needs of farmers is a big difference.