What are the famous buildings in Lingnan?

Lingnan, is the general name of China's southern region south of the Five Ridges, with the Five Ridges as the boundary and inland separation. Five Ridge by the Yue Cheng Ling, Du Pang Ling, Mengzhu Ling, riding field ridge, Dayu Ling five mountains, roughly distributed in the east of Guangxi to the eastern part of Guangdong and Hunan, Jiangxi four provinces at the border. Historically, it roughly encompassed parts of Guangdong (including Hainan, Hong Kong, and Macau), Guangxi and eastern Yunnan provinces, and southwestern Fujian province.

Lingnan is a historical concept, and the division and designation of the Lingnan establishment varied greatly from one dynasty to the next, depending on the administrative establishment. Nowadays, the term "Lingnan" refers to Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong and Macao, which are the three provinces and two districts in South China today.

Lingnan culture, as one of the most distinctive and dynamic regional cultures in the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, has a history of more than 2,000 years, as vast as the sea, with a long history. As an important carrier of Lingnan culture, Lingnan architecture is the essence of Lingnan culture. For thousands of years, Lingnan architecture, through the hard work of generations of architects and craftsmen, has made full use of the natural resources of Lingnan, combined with the characteristics of the people's life, and formed a unique style of architectural art, which occupies an important position in the forest of Chinese architecture.

Lingnan architecture is mainly divided into Guangfu architecture, Chaoshan architecture, Hakka architecture and garden architecture.

Guangfu houses are mainly located in the Pearl River Delta region, and the early residential buildings in Guangfu were more obviously influenced by the architectural patterns of the Jiangnan region. It is represented by the wok house, which is mostly made of green bricks, stone pillars and slabs, with bird and flower patterns on the outer walls. The exterior walls are patterned with flowers and birds. The walls are called "wok ear houses" because they resemble wok ears.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, only villages with high ranking officials or gentry of merit were eligible to erect wok ears on their roofs to seal the fire walls. Wok ear house symbolizes the two ears of the official hat, with the meaning of "exclusive first", but also a symbol of the family's wealth. Later, villagers who became rich would build a wok house to show their wealth and grandeur. The more rooms the house had, the higher the rank, which was naturally related to the concept of hierarchy of the ancestors.

The basic layout of Chaoshan houses is the traditional triple and quadrangle houses, the most basic forms of which are called "downhill tiger" and "four-pointed gold". Smaller towns and cities have long and narrow "bamboo pole houses". Large-scale residential houses expand their scale horizontally or vertically based on the four-pointed gold, which are called "Three Halls String", "Eight Halls Facing Each Other", "Four Horses Trailer", "Hundred Phoenixes sunrise", its external outline is retained very regular square or rectangular.

The large-scale collective housing is called "Zhai", which is a product of the militarization of rural residents in the Chaoshan area during the Qing Dynasty. It can be divided into program and building walled houses in terms of plan, and into walled houses and walled buildings in terms of the way of periphery. In Chaoyang, this kind of collective residence is called "Tuku". In the old days, the poor people living on the seashore were mostly Tu (grass) squatters, thatched huts with rammed earth or walls made of wood and grass. Chaoshan region building materials according to local conditions, local materials, a large number of shell ash and stone.

The representative of Hakka architecture is the Hakka periwinkle house. The strengthening of the clan system of the Hakka society in history, *** with the same cultural and psychological qualities are reflected in two aspects. The first is the improvement of ancestral hall facilities and continuous genealogical revision. In villages where clans live together, all clans emphasize the construction of ancestral halls. Ancestral dwelling places pay attention to feng shui and emphasize the sound of the family name. Hakka house name, or have a direct book of the ancestral land, or the words of the righteousness, the naming habits of these halls and the ancient customs of the Tang and Song dynasties.

Then there is the emergence of super-large earth buildings and buildings in the residential aspect of the combination of the Dali Longhouse. Tulou buildings are mostly made of rammed earth or adobe bricks, and gradually developed to granite and big green bricks as building materials, which are very sturdy and huge in scale.

The late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period, the Lingnan region appeared in the building of the riding building, used to be China's Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other coastal expatriate hometowns unique to the Nanyang style building, the riding building originated in Singapore, Hong Kong, and other British colonies, the Lingnan region of the riding building is the year when the return of overseas Chinese from the Nanyang built.

Lingnan garden mainly refers to the Guangfu garden, is one of the three major schools of traditional Chinese gardening art, has a very important significance in the history of China's gardening, especially in the innovation and development of modern gardens, but also has a pivotal role.

The unique style of Lingnan gardens: realistic and eclectic, exquisite and beautiful. In the architectural form, Lingnan garden has more distinctive features. Lightweight, transparent, simple, is beautifully decorated, gorgeous, a lot of use of wood carving, brick carving, ceramics, gray plastic and other folk crafts, door and window lattice fan, flower cover leakage window, etc. are carefully carved, and then set on the set of color glass into the pattern pattern

Layout of the form and the local components of the Western architectural culture by the impact of traditional Chinese architecture, such as the use of Roman arched windows and doors and the Baroque columns, the use of stone masonry regular Forms of pools, halls outside the cast iron trellis, etc., all reflecting the compatibility of Chinese and Western Lingnan cultural characteristics. The four major gardens of Lingnan in the Qing Dynasty are Qinghuiyuan, Yuyinshanfang, Liangyuan in Foshan and Keyuan in Dongguan, while other famous gardens include Baomo Garden, Shunde Heyuan and Yuehuiyuan.

Lingnan architectural culture from quite Jiangnan characteristics to both Chinese and Western architectural style, it has undergone several changes in history, and eventually formed its own style. Nowadays, reinforced concrete has created a city of a thousand buildings, and the times call for Lingnan architectural culture to rejuvenate its local flavor. Lingnan architectural culture, as one of China's typical architectural culture, only to get more attention and attention, in order to get in-depth exploration and inheritance to carry forward.

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