Outline the history of the emergence and development of sociology, its representatives and main ideas?

Sociology originated in the late 19th century as a study of society. According to the degree of development and chronological order, sociological theories are generally divided into classical sociological theories, modern sociological theories and contemporary sociological theories. Comte, the father of sociology, founded the first social theory, the theory of social evolution. In the 19th century, the three major social theories were the theory of social evolution, the theory of social cycles and Marxist historical materialism.

The period from the 1830s to the late 1800s is generally regarded as the founding period of Western sociology. Sociology in this period is characterized by (i) its close relationship with philosophy, (ii) its strong influence by positivist thinking, and (iii) its creation with the aim of preserving and harmonizing existing social relations.

The formative years of sociology on an academic scale were around the end of the 19th century to the 1930s. The course of sociology can be seen as an active response to the problems of modernity, such as industrialization, urbanization, and secularization, for example, or as an understanding of and reflection on the rationalization of society. During the early years of sociology, the field was dominant on the European continent and followed a similar trajectory to anthropology and statistics in the United Kingdom; however, the situation began to reverse in the twentieth century, when more and more sociologists became active in the so-called Anglosphere, i.e., the so-called "sphere of influence", which was based on the so-called "Anglosphere", the so-called "socialist", the so-called "socialist". Anglosphere, the predominantly English-speaking region. At the same time, sociology established its own scope and methodology, and an independent disciplinary system was largely formed, while the scope of research became more and more specific and specialized. Few early sociologists would limit themselves to specific, narrow research topics, such as economics, law, psychology, philosophy, and other theoretically related fields were also the scope of their attention. Since the foundations of sociology were laid in the eighteenth century, the epistemology, methodology, and research structure of sociology have been undergoing expansion and divergence, resulting in a hundred schools of thought. During this period, a sociological research situation was formed with the positivist line represented by Emile Turgot, the anti-positivist line represented by Max Weber, and the tradition of social investigation represented by the Chicago School in the United States. Turgon's sociological theory unfolds on the main line of social relations and social solidarity, adheres to the social materialism and the overall view of society, and advocates empirical research at the level of the social whole. At the same time he was also interested in social anomalies and social deviant behavior. Weber, on the other hand, was inclined to individualism, i.e., he advocated the explanation of individual motives and hidden secrets behind particular social actions and social phenomena. He tried to verify that behind any social phenomenon an invisible, spiritual force is at work.