What are the research methods of human genetics?

Mainly includes: pedigree analysis, used to study the transmission law of genes that determine human traits or diseases, and mathematical statistics. Through population investigation, pedigree analysis and mathematical processing, the distribution frequency of some human traits or disease genes can be determined. Understanding its transmission law and its relationship with race, population, environment, migration and mating mode, cytogenetic methods, chromosome technology and research results of human sex chromatin (X chromatin and Y chromatin) can be widely used in the diagnosis, sex identification, prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of chromosomal abnormalities. The research of medical cytogenetics has accumulated a lot of data for human genetics (see karyotype). Somatic cytogenetics has been widely used in human gene mapping. It is also often used in the study of cancer genetics. Biochemical methods, chromatography, electrophoresis, chromatographic analysis, isotope tracing, etc. It is widely used in the study of congenital metabolic defects, abnormal hemoglobin and various syndromes. These methods can be applied not only to individuals who grow after birth, but also to prenatal diagnosis of amniotic fluid and its exfoliated cells in pregnant women, so as to remove fetuses with congenital metabolic abnormalities during pregnancy. This is of great significance for preventing genetic diseases. Immunological methods. The study on the immunological characteristics of human cells is an important content of human genetics. It provides a theoretical basis for organ transplantation, and also reveals its association with some genetic diseases. It opens up a new way to clarify the source of immunoglobulin diversity. Twin method is a method to study the relative influence of heredity and environment on individual phenotype by comparing the similarities and differences between twins, which is a classic method in human genetics research.