Does anyone know the table of contents and approximate contents of the Taoist scriptures?

The monastic value of the Dao Collection and its main contents and categorization

The monastic value of the Taoist scriptures, I think it is needless to say, everyone should understand it, Sima Chengzhen in the "Sitting on the Forgetfulness of the Discourses" said: The precious thing for man is to be born, and the precious thing for being born is the Tao. He bemoaned the fact that the fish that is dry and clear is still hoping to fight for water to complete its life, but people do not know the Tao to complete the life. A convenient way to learn the Tao is to read the Taoist scriptures. The many Taoist scriptures in the Taoist Collection are a pathway to freedom from suffering and happiness.

In addition to this, the Taoist scriptures have many social values, and because they are beyond the scope of the Taoist canon, they accidentally provide important conditions for the academic research of later generations.

1, first of all, it preserved some of the ancient anonymous books. Such as "yellow emperor dragon head scripture", "yellow emperor gold chamber jade balance scripture", "yellow emperor awarded three children Xuan female scripture", "wide yellow emperor's book", etc., are early anonymous ancient books, fortunately rely on the "orthodox dao collection" to save. Sun Xingyan, a famous scholar of the Qing Dynasty, discovered it and then included it in his carving of "Pingjin Hall Series" during the Jiaqing period. Another famous scholar in the qing dynasty, yan kejun in the compilation of "the whole of the ancient three generations of qin, han, three kingdoms and six dynasties", has also been widely utilized in the "orthodox daozang", in order to edit the school of the escaped text, the remains of the book.

2, secondly, the existing Ming "Zhengtong Daozang" on the Yuan "Xuandu Baozang" and "Dajin Xuandu Baozang", and Jin, Yuan, the two "Tibetan" is in the Song "Zhenghe Wanshou Daozang" plate on the basis of the repair and become (Yuan Tibetan is added to the Quanzhen Taoist writings), so the preservation of a lot of the Song version of the book, so the version of the book and collation on the It is of high value in both edition and collation. Hui Dong, a famous scholar of the Qing Dynasty, said, "The Taoist collection contains many ancient books of Confucianism." The most famous such as "Mozi", "Huainanzi", "Classic of Mountains and Seas" and so on. Famous scholars in the Qing dynasty Bi Yuan had taken "Daozang" to school "Mozi", Zhuang Kui Ji also according to "Daozang" to school "Huainanzi". The present "Zhengtong Daozang" of "Shanhaijing", although not necessarily from the Song version of the "Daozang", but out of the Song "Zhongxing Bibliography" recorded in "each volume with praise", which not only preserves a kind of Southern Song dynasty engraving, and each volume with "Figure of Praise" (incomplete), it is the existing version of the "Classic of the Mountains and the Seas" version of the book of the lone book. Therefore, Bi Yuan's "New Correction of the Classic of Mountains and Seas" and Hao Yixing's "Notes on the Classic of Mountains and Seas" all take the "Zhengtong Daozang" text as an important reference text.

The value of Taoist scriptures goes far beyond the above two ends. In addition to being a basic source for the study of religion, especially Taoism, it also has significant research value for many other academic fields.

3. Chinese philosophy. In the feudal era, Confucian scholars have always regarded Confucianism as the orthodoxy, that only Confucianism is the representative of traditional Chinese culture, Confucian philosophy is Chinese philosophy, Buddhism and Taoism are not the representative of traditional Chinese culture, its philosophy can not be on the hall of elegance. This view also had considerable influence after the founding of New China. Facts have proved that this is a kind of prejudice or misunderstanding. From the overall viewpoint of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, the philosophy of Buddhism and Taoism, along with that of Confucianism, is an inseparable part of Chinese philosophy. Since its emergence at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism has been involved in the process of the formation and development of traditional Chinese culture, and like Confucianism, it has widely influenced the cultural, family, social and political life of the Chinese nation. In order to establish and consolidate their religious belief in immortality and to propagate their religious doctrines, they had made a great deal of interpretations of the Laozi and the Yi, which they worshiped, and had endeavored in practice to seek various kinds of formulae to achieve such religious ends. Through the interpretation of Laozi and Yi and the elaboration of various kinds of formula arts, especially the internal alchemy, he gradually established a systematic view of the universe, ontology, life and morality, thus forming his own unique philosophical thought system.

For example, there are many philosophical "ontology" explanations in many Taoist books, mainly in a large number of commentaries on "Laozi" and "Yi", and there are many explanations of "mindfulness" in many writings on internal alchemy. Among them, there is no lack of profound insights. It should be seen that the development of Taoist philosophy cannot be separated from Confucianism and Buddhism, and it draws a lot of ideas from Confucianism and Buddhism; similarly, the development of Confucianism and Buddhism also depends on Taoism, and it also draws Taoist ideas to different degrees. In the case of Confucianism's Song and Ming philosophies alone, its emergence and development depended on drawing on the ideas of Buddhism and Taoism.

It is well known that Zhou Dunyi, the founding father of Confucianism, wrote "Taiji Tu Shuo" on the basis of Buddhist and Taoist thought, which, in addition to absorbing Buddhist thought, mainly absorbed "Laozi" and Taoist internal alchemy. The subsequent Cheng and Zhu schools all drew their ideas from Buddhism and Taoism. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism both struggle with each other and learn from each other, is a basic fact in the history of the development of Chinese philosophy, they enrich and develop Chinese philosophy from different sides, **** with the casting of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Therefore, it is difficult to have a comprehensive understanding of Chinese philosophy and traditional culture if one studies only one or two, but not all three at the same time. This has become the *** knowledge of many people in the current academic world.

4, health and medicine. Taoists in search of immortality, has been in practice to create and develop methods of health care, such as it inherited the ancient art of qi, guiding, massage, etc., and in practice to develop, so that the theoretical, specific methods continue to enrich and improve. Although the purpose of immortality can not be achieved, but the fitness to prolong life is quite effective. Many methods still have value today. Such works in the existing "orthodox Taoist collection" provide important research materials for modern health science.

At the same time, for the same purpose, Taoism also attaches great importance to the study of medicine and pharmacology, and has made great achievements. In the history of the development of Taoism, a number of famous medical doctors appeared, the most famous being Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Hongjing of the Liang Dynasty, and Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty.

Their achievements in medicine are the best among their contemporaries, and they occupy an inescapable position in the history of Chinese medicine. They either saved the world with their superb medical skills, or they have survived in the future with their medical masterpieces. Although most of these works are now lost, but survived in the "orthodox Taoist collection", there are still Ge Hong's "Ge Xianweng Elbow after the preparation of the emergency formula" (including the content of Tao Hongjing "Completing the Que Elbow after a hundred side"), Sun Simiao's "thousand gold to be square", "thousand gold wing prescription", etc., are immortal works of the history of Chinese medicine. After the Tang, accomplished Taoist medical doctors and their writings, there is no shortage of people, such as the Song anonymous Taoist "first aid immortal formula", the late Yuan and early Ming dynasty famous Qingwei school Taoist Zhao Yizhen "immortal transmission of surgical secret formula", as well as the Qing dynasty famous Longmen school Taoist Liu Yiming's "experience of the miscellaneous formula" "experience of the strange formula" "ophthalmology Enlightenment" "epidemic disease treatment" and so on, is the important representative of the Taoist medical doctors and medical writings of the various generations. Although the achievements and development of Taoist medicine cannot be separated from traditional Chinese medicine, it has made unique contributions in certain aspects from the religious requirements. For example, they emphasize the relief of the world, and therefore attach great importance to medical ethics, the doctor should have a high degree of compassion and responsibility for the patient, regardless of the rich and poor, the rich and poor, complaining of relatives and good friends, all with "great mercy and compassionate heart," "a heart to save the". From the point of view of universal salvation, and attaches great importance to the lower classes of people and women and children's disease research, pay attention to the popularization of medical prescriptions and medicines locally sourced and inexpensive.

5, Chinese ancient chemistry. Taoists for the religious purpose of immortality, and inherited the ancient alchemy, and in practice to develop. They thought that through the smelting of ore drugs (or add grass and wood medicine), can be made into "elixir", used to eat, you can live forever. Therefore, many Taoist priests to spend their lives engaged in the selection of drugs, preparation, burning and refining, after a generation of efforts, I do not know how many times the test, how many kinds of nature of the drug, how many kinds of ore compounds. This alchemy activity is driven by religious purposes, but the actual is unconsciously engaged in chemical experiments. The "elixir of immortality" although there is not and can not be refined, but observed many chemical changes in the ore drugs, recognize the nature of many ore drugs, for the Chinese ancient chemistry has accumulated a wealth of information. Therefore, general chemical historians have called Taoist alchemy as the forerunner of Chinese ancient chemistry, "orthodox Taoist collection" contains a large number of external Dan Huangbaijutsu writings is an important material for the history of Chinese ancient chemistry. Black gunpowder, one of the three great inventions of China, was first invented by Taoist priests in the course of alchemy in the third year of the reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty (808) at the latest. The basis for this is found in the Lead and Mercury A Geng to Treasure Integration, Volume II, "Vulcanic Alum Method". Chinese metallurgical history of the earliest water method of copper refining, is also Taoist outside the Dan book first recorded, time in the Tang Suzong Qianyuanyuan years to Baoying years (758 ~ 762), on the book of the fourth volume of the "Danfang Mirror Source" is also recorded in the matter. As for the Taoist priests in the alchemy of dan to create internal and external elixirs with practical therapeutic effects, expanding the sources of medicine, is not a few.

6. In addition, the large number of books on internal elixirs collected in the Orthodox Taoist Collection not only contain rich philosophical and historical materials, but also serve as a direct source of information for the study of qigong science and the science of the human body.

7, "the orthodox tao collection" there are a number of geography, literature, music works, also very valuable for research, such as Li Zhi Chang "Changchun real western travels", recorded Qiu Qiqi west hajj yuan tazu on the way to the geography, people's conditions, is the study of Central Asia at the time of the geography, people's conditions, and the history of the traffic between China and the west is an important source of information.

All in all, in the "orthodox Taoist collection" and other scattered Taoist canon, is not only a record of Taoist activities, but also a treasure trove of the motherland's traditional culture, such as to follow the principle of seeking truth from facts, scientific analysis and identification of it, will be able to make certain contributions to the construction of the socialist material and spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics.

The main contents of the Taoist Scriptures

The Taoist Scriptures contain a wide range of contents and cover many aspects.

1. There are the classics that were recited or practiced as worship, such as the Daodezhenjing (i.e., Laozi), Nanhuazhenjing (i.e., Zhuangzi), Tongxuanzhenjing (i.e., Wenzi), Chongxuzhenjing (i.e., Lietzu), Donglingzhenjing (i.e., Koucangzi), as well as the "Taipingjing," "Huangtingjing," "Xishengjing," "Daocongzhenjing," "Doudaozhenjing," "Durenjing," "Qingjing," "Yinfujing," "Yinfujing," "Qingjing" and "Yinpujing" that were compiled by the Taoist priests. Qing Jing Jing," "Yin Fu Jing," "Jade Emperor Jing," etc.

2. There are writings that expound doctrines and teachings, such as "Zhen Guan," "Taoism Yishu," "Xuan Zhu Record," "Hua Shu," "Chong Yang 15 Theses on Establishing a Religion," "Pure Ming Loyalty and Filial Piety Book," etc.

3. There are writings on medical care and health care, such as "Nourishing Sexuality and Extending Life," "Mr. Illusory Zhen's Taking Internal Yuanqi Know-how," "Taking the Essentials of Qigi," "The Pillow Formula," "The Post-elbow Preparedness and Urgency Formula," "Thousand Gold Essentials Formula," and "Thousand Gold Formula. The thousand jin to be square", "the thousand jin wing square", "first aid fairy square", "immortal transmission of surgical secret formula", etc.;

4, there are external Dan Huangbaijutsu writings, such as the "Taiqing jinliu shendan jing", "Huangdi Jiuding shendan jingji", "Xiu Fu Ling sand wonderful know-how", "lead and mercury jia geng to the treasure integration", "the family of the gods of dan", "geng daoji" and so on;

5, there are works of refining and nourishment, such as the "Zhouyi seng tongqi", "Cui Gong into the mirror of the medicines", "all the real saint of the fetus divine use of the secret". All the real sacred fetus divine use know-how", "bell lü chuan dao collection", "wu zhen chapter", "qinghua secret text", "mr. chen nedan know-how", "big dan straight guide", "in the collection", "jin dan dazhou", "tianxian positive reason straight guide", "the dao book of twelve kinds", etc.;

6, there is a talisman dao law writings, such as the "spirit of the treasure of the order of the five talismans", "qingqing exempted from the fall of the seven yuan runes", "the natural real one of the five said runes on the scripture", "qingqing spirit of the treasure of the law", "spirit of the treasure of the yu jian" "law The Dharma Council Yuan", etc.;

7, there are jiao-festival ceremonial works, such as "Zhengyi Wei Yi Jing", "Xuanmen Ten Things Wei Yi", "Taishang Layout Transmission Ceremony", "Three Cave Cultivation Ceremony", "Taoist Ke Fan Daquan", "Ling Bao Leads the Teaching of Jiedu Jinshu", etc.

8, there are works of canonical precepts, such as "Taishang Laogun Precepts Scripture", "Laogun Yin Reciting Precepts Scripture", "Zhengyi Fawen Tienshi Teaching Precepts Section Scripture", "Chisong Zi Middle Precepts Scripture", "Xuan Du Law Text", "Dong Du Law Texts Xuan Du law text" "Dongxuan Lingbao top grade into the scripture" "Lingbao Tianzun said ten precepts scripture" "to repair the ritual precepts notes" "ten rules of Taoism" and so on;

9, there are immortals, Taoist biographies, such as "Biography of Immortals" "Immortals" Nanyue Nine real people biography" "three holes bead capsule" "Three Caves group of Immortals" Xian Yuan Zhi Zhu "Golden Lotus is the record of the Zongzong" Qingweixian genealogy "Ganshui Xianyuan Records" Final South Mountain ancestor of the immortal true inner biography The final South Mountain said the scripture platform generations of immortal real tablet record" "Xuan Pin record" "successive true immortal body Tao Tongjian" "Han Tianshi family" and so on;

10, there are palace mountain record works, such as the "heavenly blessing Yuefu famous mountain record" "Jinhua Chisong mountain record" "Xanadu Zhi" "Tiantai Mountain Records" "Nanyue total victory set" "Wudang blessed with a collection of the total victory set" Wudang Ji Sheng collection "Maoshan record" "Dai Shi" "Mount Huashan in the Western Mountains Records," the palace The Palace of Huashan", "Monumental Records", and so on.

The above is only a few important aspects of Taoist scriptures, but also the main body of the Taoist collection of books. In addition, there are a number of non-Taoist books in the Taoist collection, and to the Yuan "Daozang Zunjing calendar" cloud: "Confucian books, medical books, yin and yang, divination, and the hundred schools of thought are all with."

11, Confucian book refers to Yang Xiong "Taixuan Jing", Shao Yong "Huangji Jing Shi", "Ichuan hit the soil set", Bao Yunlong "Tianyuan Fa Wei", as well as a number of Confucian "Yi" works, such as the "Yi Yin up and down the scripture (Li's YiYin)," "Yi Lin up and down the scripture (Jiao's YiLin)," "the ancient Yi Kau Yuan", "Zhouyi map", "the big Yi elephant hook deep map", "the number of easy hook hidden map", "Yi elephant map," inside and outside, etc.

12, the medical book, yin and yang, divination, and the Hundred are all with the. p>

12, medical books refer to the "Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine Suwen" "Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine Ling Shu Liao" "Yellow Emperor's eighty-one difficult scriptures" "Tu Jing Diffractive Yi Materia Medica" and so on;

13, yin and yang divination books refer to the "Yellow Emperor's Dragon's Head scriptures" "Yellow Emperor's House scriptures" "Yellow Emperor's Golden Chamber Jade Balance scriptures" "the Xuanmiao White Ape True scriptures" "six Yin Dong Wei Transported Armor true scriptures" "Transported Armor edge of the body scriptures" "six non-existent Ming Jian Runes of the yin scriptures" "divination of the elephant star calendar scripture

In addition, there are also the Shanhaijing, the biography of Mu Tianzi, the biography of Han Wu Di, the biography of Han Wu Di, and so on.

The miscellany of books in the Dao Collection was once criticized by Confucians and Buddhists, and Yuan. Ma Duanlin in the "Documentation" in the Taoist scriptures mixed and multiple.

The Taoist collection of books is not without reason.

1, as cited above, "I Ching", although listed as the first of the six Confucian classics, but whether that is the Confucian book, it is worth exploring. In fact, the ancestor of the "Yi" is the tradition of Taoism, from its establishment, that is, the "Yi" and "Laozi" together as a formula for cultivation, especially the internal and external Dan cultivation of theoretical guidance, since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Boyang, "Zhouyi Samtongqi", until the later generations of external Dan, internal Dan schools are not ancestor of the "Yi". Therefore, many Taoist scholars regard the study of Yi as important as the study of Laozi, and from time to time there are insightful works on Yi. The achievements of Chen Tuan, a Taoist priest of the Fifth Dynasty, in the study of Yi not only profoundly influenced Taoist internal alchemy, but also profoundly influenced Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Other Taoist priests of the Song and Yuan dynasties, such as Yu Yan and Lei Siqi, also made great achievements in the study of the Yi. Therefore, it does not seem unreasonable to include some Confucian books on Yi in the collection of Taoist works on Yi.

2, and medical books, Taoism from the immortality of the religious purpose, has always attached importance to the study of medicine, on the one hand, to get rid of disease and prolong life, on the other hand, to help the world and benefit people. Therefore, many famous Taoist medical doctors and medical writings have appeared in history. Taoist medical works in the collection of these Taoist medical works at the same time, the collection of "Huangdi Neijing" and "Tu Jing Diffractive Materia Medica" and so on, it seems not unreasonable; not to mention that Huangdi is the ancestor of the Taoist religion, the collection of the name of the Yellow Emperor's medical books, in the view of the Taoist religion is also a natural.

Despite this, but the Taoist collection of excessive books, is an objective fact. The reason is that many of these books have nothing or very little to do with Taoism.

The first thing we can say about this problem is that the Taoists are modest and tolerant, and if we say it is not enough, it is not enough to emphasize the characteristics of the original teachings of Taoism in the publicity. What do people think?

Three holes and four auxiliary classification method "Taoist collection" is not a miscellany of Taoist books, but in accordance with a certain compilation (zuǎn) intention, collection scope and organizational structure, will be many of the scriptures arranged in a large Taoist book series. The principle of its organizational structure is "three holes, four auxiliaries, twelve categories". The "three caves" are Dongzhen, Dongxuan, and Dongshen. It had already sprouted in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Lu Xiujing, a Taoist priest of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, totaled its success and wrote the "Catalog of the Three Caves" in the seventh year of the Tai Shi (471), which was formally used as a classification method for Taoist books.

Actually, it includes three groups of Taoist scriptures, headed by the "Great Cave Scripture of Shangqing", the "Five True Writings of Lingbao", and the "Scripture of the Three Emperors". Taoism claims that these three groups of scriptures come out of the three honored gods of the Sanqing realm: "The Tianbaojun, then the honored god of the Great Cave, ...... out of the book when the number of the high on the big there is the Yuqing Palace. Lingbao Jun, the hole of the Xuan of the God, ...... out of the book when the number on the Qing Xuan Du Yu Jing seven treasures Ziwei Palace. Shenbao Jun, then the hole God of the honored God,...... out of the book when the number of the Three Emperor hole God Taiqing Taiji Palace." And the three hole scriptures are divided into upper, middle and lower "three grades", or large, middle and small "three times", said the "Shangqing Taoist scripture" "Taidan Hidden Book" and other holes of the Ministry of the book as "upper grade", "Lingbao Dongxuan" and other Dongxuan part of the book as "middle grade", "Three Emperor's internal text", "astronomical big word" and other Dongshen part of the book as "lower grade".

But according to the classification of the three holes, and can not contain all the Taoist scriptures (such as has been out of the Tianshi Tao is a class of scriptures, Taiping Tao of the scriptures, etc.), and then there is the emergence of the classification of the four auxiliary. The "four auxiliaries" refer to the four auxiliary scriptures of Taiqing, Taiping, Taixuan, and Zhengyi, i.e., Taiqing auxiliary to Dongshen, Taiping auxiliary to Dongxuan, and Taixuan auxiliary to Dongzhen, and Zhengyi connects the three holes and the three Tai's (Taiping, Taiping, and Taixuan). This four-support classification, at the latest out of the Liang Dynasty, the Liang Dynasty has Meng Fashi "jade latitude seven parts of the sutra bibliography", that is, proof of the appearance. According to the idea, the Department of Taiqing is mainly based on the "Taiqing Shendan Jing" transmitted by Ge Hong, and all the yellow and white books belong to it;

Tai Ping Department is mainly based on the "Taiping Jing"; Tai Xuan Department is headed by the "Tao Te Ching", including the books of exegesis and exposition of the "Tao Te Ching", and also Taoist books such as "Zhuang Zi" and "Lie Zi"; and Zheng I Department collects the "Zheng Yi Fawen" and other heavenly masters' Taoist books circulated during the Six Dynasties era.

The three holes are each divided into twelve categories (the four auxiliaries are not categorized), which are combined into thirty-six parts. That is to say:

The class of this text refers to the original true text of the scriptures;

The class of sacred symbols refers to the text of the dragon seal and the seal of the phoenix, and the characters of the spiritual symbols and symbols; the class of the jade secret refers to the commentaries on the scriptures of the Tao and the explanations of the meanings;

The class of the spiritual diagrams refers to the illustrations on the text of the scriptures or the writings based on the images;

The class of the genealogy records refers to the books of the Tao which record the deeds of the high real saints and the names of the virtues and the achievements of the high real saints;

The precepts and laws, refers to the books of precepts and laws;

The rituals, refers to the works on the rituals and systems of the Jiao-festival;

Methods, refers to the books discussing the methods of cultivating the true nature and setting up altars for sacrifices and refinement;

All the arts, refers to the books on the external dan furnace and fire, changes in the five elements, and the art of counting;

Biographies, refers to the biographies of the immortals, Taoist priests, and books of the palace and temple records;

The chants and praise, refers to the words and chapters of chants and songs of the holy truths; the epitaphs and the epitaphs are also referred to the books of the gods.

The category of praises refers to the words and chapters praising the saint; the category of table-playing refers to the chapters and passages submitted to the emperor when setting up the altar to offer prayers.

The classification of the twelve categories was formed around the latter part of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, as evidenced by the appearance of the Thirty-six Sections of Zunjing.

The formation of the three holes and four auxiliaries of the twelve categories of classification and its use in organizing the numerous scriptures, marking the Taoist scriptures have been assembled into a collection". Only limited to the conditions at that time, it could not be spread in large quantities. DongXuanLingBaoSanDongFengDaoKeRingYingYi" reflects the situation before and after the Sui Dynasty, the Taoist scriptures for the "collection": "Where the collection of two kinds: one of the total collection, the second is a separate collection. In the case of the general collection, the three caves and four auxiliaries were made into a single collection, with the upper and lower levels or the left and right levels made into heavy levels, and each of them was titled 'Three Caves Treasure Scripture Collection'.

Beyond the collection, three holes and four auxiliaries for a collection, where there are seven kinds: one of the "Great Cave True Scripture Collection", two of the "Dong Xuan Bao Scripture Collection", three of the "Hole Divine Immortal Scripture Collection", four of the "Taixuan Scripture Collection", the fifth sound "Taiping Scripture Collection", six of the "Taiqing Scripture Collection", seven of the "Zhengyi Scripture Collection". All of them are clearly titled, in order to screen each other, if the second An."

The same book also records the rules and regulations of the scripture letter and the scripture book. The book is a silk bag containing the scriptures, each book or ten volumes, or five volumes, long scrolls of the scriptures are divided into several books, short scrolls of the scriptures are several parts of a book. A number of book for a letter. In addition, from the Dunhuang remains, can see the Tang Dynasty writing format, first write the name of the scripture, an empty line to write the scripture, the scripture, and then an empty line to re-write the name of the scripture, each line of seventeen words. The format of the existing "orthodox dao zang" is more or less the same.