Please introduce two China painters in China in detail.

Xu Beihong (1895 ~ 1953) is a modern painter and art educator in China. Xu Beihong, 1895 was born in Yixing county, Jiangsu province in July, and 1953 died in Beijing on September 26th.

I began to learn to draw when I was 9 years old. 17 years old, working as a drawing teacher in Yixing Women's Normal School. 19 16 entered the French Department of Shanghai Sinian University. In May of the following year, he went to Japan to study fine arts and returned to China at the end of the year. I should hire a tutor of Peking University Painting Research Association. 1965438+In March 2009, he went to France to study and joined the National Academy of Fine Arts in Paris. 1After returning to China in the spring of 927, he was invited by Tian Han to be the head of the Fine Arts Department of Shanghai Nanguo Art Institute, and was also employed as a professor in the Art Department of Central University. In teaching and writing, he advocated realism and criticized formalism. 1929 was hired as the president of Peking University Art Institute in September, advocating the innovation of Chinese painting and opposing conservatism. 1930 oil painting "Tian Heng 500 Scholars" was completed, the following year Chinese painting "Nine Square Heights" was completed, and 1933 oil painting "Feeling Me Later" was completed, which opened a new generation of historical paintings in China. /kloc-in the winter of 0/936, I went to Guilin to paint and started to establish an art museum. He has successively created such Chinese paintings as Morning Song, Against the Wind, Memories of Heroes, Cockcrow in the Wind and Rain, and Spring Rain in Lijiang River. /kloc-in the spring of 0/937, he held a solo exhibition in Changsha, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. In the same year, he created Chinese paintings such as "Ba People Poor Women" and "Ba People Pumping Water". At the end of 1938, he held a solo exhibition in Hong Kong, and then went to Singapore to raise money for disaster relief and publicize the anti-Japanese and national salvation. Then he went to Darjeeling, and created a Chinese painting "Gong Yu Mountain". /kloc-in the summer of 0/942, he returned to Chongqing Central University to continue his teaching and creation, and set out to organize the China Academy of Art. 1943 In the late spring, an art exhibition was held in Chongqing, showing masterpieces and sketches of traditional Chinese paintings and oil paintings created over the years. 1In August, 946, he went to Beiping, served as the president of the National Beiping Art College, joined the Beiping Artists Association organized by progressive artists, and served as the honorary president of the association. 1949 was elected as member of the Standing Committee of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and chairman of the All-China Artists Association. In September, he was appointed president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts.

Painting Creation Xu Beihong created thousands of Chinese paintings, oil paintings and sketches in his life. Xu Beihong's creative activities can be roughly divided into four periods: ① the period of traveling to Europe (19 19 ~ 1927). The oil paintings in this period mainly include: the old woman, the old man with a stick, the capture, the self-portrait, the images of Xiao Sheng and Huang Zhen, the male body and the female body. Most of the nearly 1,000 sketches he left behind are works of this period. ② Peak period (1928 ~ 1936). During this period, his creation was extremely rich, and he formed a distinctive realistic artistic style, which was unique in the history of modern painting in China. His representative works include Tian Heng 500 Scholars (1928 ~ 1930), Jiufanggao (193 1) and Yan, etc. These works reflect his patriotic and humanitarian creative thoughts and represent the main creative path of his life. ③ War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937 ~ 1945). This is the heyday of Xu Beihong's artistic creation. He has successively created Chicken Crow in the Wind and Rain (1937), Spring Rain in Lijiang River (1937), Ba People Pumping Water (1937), Horses of Horses (1940) and Yugong Mountain. Famous works such as Spirit Wine (194 1), Lion (1943) and Shan Gui (1943). This period is also a highly mature period of painter's thought and artistic style. ④ Late stage (1946 ~ 1953). The main works of this period are: oil painting "Fighting Heroes", "Navy Soldiers", "Tai Xide as a Cavalry Hero", Chinese painting "Running Horse", "Two Magpies", sketch "Chairman Mao among the People" (draft), "Model Worker" and "Lu Xun and Qu Qiubai" (draft).

In "On the Improvement of Chinese Painting" published by 1920, he put forward the famous proposition that "those who are good at ancient painting should persist, those who are not good at it should change it, those who are insufficient should increase it, and those who can take western painting should integrate it", advocated realism and opposed plagiarism, and put forward "the method of reform: learning, materials (painting tools) and breaking the school." 1929 published articles such as Puzzle and Puzzle, and clearly advocated realism. 1932 wrote "preface to painting" and put forward "new seven methods": ① proper position, ② accurate proportion, ③ clear distinction between black and white, ④ natural movement or posture, ⑤ harmonious light and heavy, ⑤ complete personality and ⑤ vivid expression. 1947 successively published Steps of Establishing New Chinese Painting and Current Artistic Problems in China, etc. Reiterate the importance of strict sketch training, advocate learning from nature and oppose learning from the ancients, and point out: "Artists should have the same spirit of seeking truth as scientists", "If you are not excited at this time, you will learn from nature and seek truth ... Art will die." Xu Beihong inherited the fine tradition of "learning from nature" in China's ancient painting theory, emphasized the artist's pursuit of truth and exploration of life, and thought that art was the unity of truth, goodness and beauty, which was his contribution to realistic art theory.

Xu Beihong devoted himself to art education all his life and had his own clear and complete art education thought. He emphasized nature, attached importance to the training of painting basic skills and advocated science. The school-running system he adopted is a combination of academic year system, grade system, credit system and studio system, which requires students to have a wide range of knowledge, a deep professional foundation and rich cultural literacy. In teaching methods, he asked students to think independently, give full play to their initiative and creativity, and develop in an all-round way. Xu Beihong personally trained a number of accomplished artists, such as Wu Zuoren, Ai Zhongxin, Wei,,, Zhan Jianjun. The art education system he established lasted for more than half a century in China, and it still has great power.

Qi Baishi (1863 ~ 1957) is a painter and seal engraver in China, China. Formerly known as Chunzhi, later named Huang, the word Wei Qing, also known as Lanting, was born in danger, with nicknames Baishishan, Jiyuan, Jiping, Pingtang owner, Laoping, Pingweng, Magic Fairy Slave, Mujushi, LaoMu Yi, Sanbaishiyin rich man, Xingziwu old man, and Xingtang owner.

1863 (two years of Tongzhi in Qing dynasty)165438+1was born in Xiangtan county, Hunan province on October 22nd. He likes painting, and often paints people, flowers and animals with red paper. /kloc-after the age of 0/5, he successively worshipped fellow villagers Qi Xianyou and Zhou Zhimei as carpenters, first as carpenters, then as joiners, and was good at carving flowers, making him famous in the countryside. At the age of 2/kloc-0, I got Biography of Mustard Garden, which was painted by a pine oil lamp, and I experienced painting for the first time. 1888 studied portraits with the painter Xiao Chuanxin. Later, he met another portrait painter, Wen Shaoke, through Xiao's introduction and got his guidance. The following year, I worshipped Xiangtan celebrities Hu Zikai and Chen Zuokui as teachers, studied meticulous flowers, birds, insects and fish from Hu Zikai and studied poetry from Chen Zuokui. From1890 to1901year, Qi Baishi made a living by selling paintings. During this period, in addition to portraits, he painted landscape figures, flowers, birds and insects, especially ladies. 1894, Qi Baishi and seven fellow villagers organized the Longshan Poetry Society, and were promoted to the position of president. They often met to write poems, and were called the "Seven Children of Longshan". At the same time, he also studied calligraphy with Hu and others, focusing on the integration of He, and wrote Zhong Ding Zhuanli. /kloc-began to learn seal cutting in 0/896, and studied under Ding Longhong and Huang. 1899 studied under the famous Xiangtan poet Wang Xiangqi. Qi Baishi's poetry and painting seal cutting gradually became famous, from a sculptor and a folk painter to an artist with scholar-bureaucrat and literati cultivation.

1937 After the "July 7th Incident", Qi Baishi resigned from all teaching posts and stayed at home behind closed doors. The following year, he drew a picture of Mao in Lan Chao Building. Qi Baishi Art Exhibition was held in Nanjing and Shanghai from 65438 to 0946. 195 1 year participated in the charity sale exhibition to resist US aggression and aid Korea. The following year, he was hired as honorary professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, and in 2006, he was elected as a member of the Presidium of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 1953 65438+1On October 7th, Qi Baishi was awarded the honorary certificate of "People's Artist" by the Ministry of Culture. In the same year, Xu Beihong died, and Qi Baishi was elected as the chairman of China Artists Association after Xu Beihong. 1953 was promoted to chairman of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association. The following year, Qi Baishi's painting exhibition was held in Beijing, and he was elected as the representative of the 1 th National People's Congress. 1955 was awarded the honorary certificate of German Democratic * * * and Exchange Fellow of Chinese Academy of Art.. 1956, awarded the 1955 international peace prize by the World Peace Council. 1957, Honorary Dean of Beijing China Painting Academy, died in Beijing on September 6 of the same year. Qi Baishi's art can be divided into five stages: ① he was a folk sculptor before the age of 27, influenced by folk art and folk aesthetic concepts; (2) 27-40 years old, engaged in folk portraits and folk crafts, and at the same time comprehensively studied literati painting to improve the self-cultivation stage of poetry, calligraphy and painting; ③ At the age of 40 ~ 50, at the stage of traveling around as a literati painter, observing extensively and making friends with people from all walks of life, the painting style gradually changed from meticulous painting to freehand brushwork; ④ 55-65 years old, settled in Beijing, accepted Chen Shiceng's advice and painstakingly "failed in political reform"; ⑤ 65 ~ 94 years old is the peak of painting creation, and art is in the realm of transformation.

Qi Baishi's artistic origin is the tradition of innovative painters Xu Wei, Zhu Da, Shi Tao, Jin Nong, Huang Shen and Wu Changshuo since Ming and Qing Dynasties. He learned from others and integrated them. Second, from Zhejiang School to Zhao School, they pursued the tradition of inscriptions in Qin and Han Dynasties, and integrated seal script, official script, eight points and Weibei into one, forming a unique washing and practicing style. Third, it gave birth to the vigorous and fresh wind of folk arts and crafts and folk painting. He naturally combined the literati tradition with the folk tradition, the literati accomplishment with the peasant temperament, and gained both refined and popular tastes, which became a miracle in the history of modern art.

Qi Baishi's paintings are mainly flowers, birds, grass and insects, and both work and writing are very profound. Although his freehand figure paintings and landscape paintings are not as many as flowers, birds, insects and fish, his artistic achievements are not inferior or even more outstanding. In the history of modern painting, such a master as Qi Baishi, who combines poetry, calligraphy, painting, printing, flowers and birds, figures and landscapes, is almost unique.

Qi Baishi's art can achieve such achievements and is widely loved by the people, which is inseparable from his deep national feelings, simple peasant temperament and childlike frankness and innocence expressed and revealed in his works.

Qi Baishi's works include Poems on the White Stone, Poems on Pavilion by Borrowing Mountains, and Self-report of the White Stone Old Man (recorded by Zhang Cixi), and there are many versions of his paintings. There are many kinds of studies and memories of Qi Baishi's works, such as A Study of Qi Baishi (edited by Li Qun), Qi Baishi's Painting and Appreciation (Hu), Qi Baishi's Chronicle (,Hu Shi, Deng Guangming), Qi Baishi () and Looking at Qi Baishi's Paintings (Wang, Xu Jieyu). The United States, the Soviet Union, Japan and other countries have also published Qi Baishi's monographs.