Dai people's customs and ethnic characteristics

1. inhabited areas, customs, folk customs and traditional festivals of the Dai people. 2. What are the customs and habits of the Dai people? 3. Brief introduction of Dai customs. Customs and habits of the Dai people, settlements and customs. Dai customs, settlements, customs and traditional festivals.

I inhabited areas

Dai people mainly live in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture and Gengma and Menglian Autonomous County. The rest are distributed in more than 30 counties including Jingdong, Jinggu, Pu 'er, Lancang, Xinping, Yuanjiang and Jinping. The border Dai area borders Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam.

Most Dai villages are located in Pingba area of valley surrounded by mountains. The larger dams are Jinghong, Menglong, Mengzhe, Han Meng, Menghai, mangshi, Longchuan, Ganya, Mengmao and Shefang, with an average elevation of 500- 1300m and low terrain.

Second, local conditions and customs:

Young Dai men and women are quite free in social activities before marriage and can fall in love freely. Unmarried young people "string together" a lot on festivals or important occasions (it is very popular to find unmarried women to fall in love. It is a popular custom to invite unwelcome children home.

When the Dai people hold a wedding, there must be a grand ceremony of "tying the thread". The old man tied the white cotton thread on the wrist of the bride and groom, symbolizing that their souls are tied together, wishing the newlyweds respect each other and grow old together.

Third, folk customs:

1, clothing:

Dai clothing, men wear collarless double-breasted or large-breasted small sleeve coat, long-sleeved trousers, blankets when it is cold, and white or green cloth to cover their heads. Women traditionally wear short sleeves and skirts.

The custom of male tattoos is very common, which not only shows courage, but also can ward off evil spirits, protect the body and decorate the body. Boys will be asked to get tattoos when they are about 1 1 years old. Tattoos are mostly tigers, leopards, lions, dragons, snakes and eagles. Most parts are limbs, chest, abdomen and back. It takes two days to get a tattoo on one leg and seven to eight days to get a tattoo on the whole body.

2. Diet:

The Dai people's staple food is rice. Dehong area eats japonica rice, Xishuangbanna and other places like to eat glutinous rice, which is usually eaten immediately.

Dai people also eat insects. There are many kinds of insects in the hot and humid areas of Dai nationality. Insects that are often eaten are cicadas, bamboo worms, Okubo, soft-shelled turtles and ant eggs. Catching cicadas is in the evening of summer. The cicada community is in the grass, and the cicada wings are soaked by dew and can't fly. So the women quickly collect cicadas in bamboo rafts and bake them in a pot to make sauce.

Wine is loved by the Dai people, generally brewed by itself, with low degree and sweet taste. Tea is a local specialty, but Dai people only drink big leaf tea without spices. When drinking, stir-fry slightly on the fire until burnt, and drink slightly after brewing. The habit of chewing betel nut is also very common. Chewing betel nut should be mixed with tobacco and lime all day.

Fourth, traditional festivals:

1, the closing day, called "Mwasa" in Dai language, was fixed in September of Dai calendar 15 (mid-July of Gregorian calendar.

2. The opening day, called "Onvasa" in Dai language, is fixed on the day of 65438+February 65438+May (Gregorian calendar 65438+1mid-October).

3. The Water Splashing Festival, called "Sangganbimai" or "Lenghe Sanggan Festival" in Dai language, means June New Year. The time is in late June or early July of Dai calendar (mid-April of Gregorian calendar). It was held on 10 day after Tomb-Sweeping Day, symbolizing "the best day".

Extended data

The development status of Dai nationality;

In the early days of the founding of New China, the Dai people generally carried out democratic political construction, eliminated bandits, stabilized social order, resumed and developed production, dredged ethnic relations, and initially changed the face of the Dai people. In order to abolish the feudal system of Dai society, the Party and the government led the Dai people to carry out democratic reform movement according to the specific conditions of Dai areas, and at the same time implemented regional ethnic autonomy in Dai areas.

Before the founding of New China, the business in Dai areas was very depressed, with few commodities and high prices, from which profiteers made huge profits. The broad masses of Dai people are exploited.

After the founding of New China, various counties in Dai have successively set up department stores, ethnic trade, foreign trade, farm tools, food, medicine, catering services and other companies. The mode of trade has changed from barter trade and small-scale trade in the past to diversified and high-level forms such as general trade, entrepot trade, processing trade, capital cooperation and technical cooperation, international exchanges and regional exhibitions.

After the founding of New China, under the leadership of the Party, the Dai people vigorously carried out farmland capital construction centered on water conservancy, reclaimed wasteland, expanded cultivated land area, popularized advanced production technology, practiced scientific farming, actively promoted agricultural mechanization, and promoted the great development of agricultural production.

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What are the customs of the Dai people?

marriage customs

There is no limit to the love between young people in Dai family. Love forms are diverse, and marriage customs are eclectic, just like the beautiful nature there, which is colorful, natural and simple, and poetic. The main courtship methods of Dai youth are packet loss, string girls, singing, rushing to the streets to choose a spouse, writing love letters and so on. , as well as holding a unique and interesting wedding ceremony and a "wedding ceremony".

Funeral custom

In Xishuangbanna Dai village, when a person dies, different funeral ceremonies should be adopted according to the age, identity and cause of death of the deceased. There are four funeral methods: cremation, burial, water burial and celestial burial. Cremation is a long-standing funeral custom in Xishuangbanna. After the death of Buddha, master, monk and venerable person in the temple, cremation is often used; Burial is the main way of funeral for Dai people in Xishuangbanna. In the past, Xishuangbanna people living in Linjiang once had the custom of water burial. Whether it is illness, sudden death or sudden death, it is buried with water and has gradually been abandoned. Celestial burial is a ritual that very few people ask for celestial burial before their lives, so that their souls can ascend to heaven.

Strange customs

The Dai people in Xishuangbanna have a very strange custom, that is, inserting teeth and dyeing teeth. Dai people regard tooth inlay and tooth dyeing as the life customs of adults. Dai young men and women, generally from 14 to 17, have to change their white teeth into gold or silver. Most people dye their teeth when they are fourteen or fifteen. They like to dye their neat white teeth black or deep purple. Deep purple teeth are the most beautiful teeth. If young women dye their teeth black and purple, they will be praised for dyeing a pair of beautiful and durable good teeth. Sometimes, whether the teeth are properly inserted and dyed will affect whether you can get married smoothly. There are two sayings: "Marry chisel" and "Marry dye".

The Dai people have the custom of tattooing, which is called tattoo ink in Dai language. Teenagers can get tattoos as long as they are over 10, and some are under 10. They can tattoo their chest, back, abdomen and limbs. Tattoo patterns are generally dragons, lions, tigers, leopards, snakes and monsters, but also the sun, moon, stars, geometric patterns and various flowers, as well as Dai characters and symbols. Generally, the tattoo patterns of young people are blue or black. Only a few people can use red tattoos when dating a former aristocratic young master.

Dai people taboo outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt;

When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside.

You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold;

The tripod on the fireplace can't move, and the fire can't be pushed;

Don't whistle and cut your nails at home;

Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows;

When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place;

Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk.

After death, people are usually buried in the soil, and a few are buried in the water.

Brief introduction of Dai customs and habits

Dai people are distributed in China, Indian, Vietnamese, Cambodian and other countries.

Dai people regard peacocks and elephants as mascots, and folk stories are rich and colorful. Dai people like to live by the water, love cleanliness, often take a bath, and women like to wash their hair, so they have the reputation of "water nation". In the past, Dai people generally believed in Buddhism, and primitive religion spread to the south.

1, Dai Opera

Dai people have traditional Dai dramas. There used to be a form of musical words in Xishuangbanna, which is the embryonic form of Dai opera. Its plot is relatively simple, mainly showing the disguised struggle between knife hunters and dragons, phoenixes, turtles and cranes. The development and perfection of Dai opera is mainly in Dehong area. Therefore, Dai drama is also called "Dai drama in western Yunnan". Produced in Zhanxi and Ganya of Yingjiang River in Dehong at the beginning of19th century.

2. Brocade

Dai brocade is mostly monochrome, with weft, and the pattern organization is very strict. When knitting, Dai women first tie the pattern structure to the "diamond plate" (flower book) with a thin string, and then make the warp yarn form two layers by hand pedaling, and then start weft insertion. By repeating this, you can weave a very beautiful Dai brocade.

3. Musical instruments

Dai folk musical instruments include Galassa, Guangxi, Guangxi, Duoluo, Elephant Foot Drum, _, Pai _ and Dai cymbals.

Hulusi, a characteristic musical instrument of Dai nationality, is a reed instrument, which can continuously emit five-degree intervals, with beautiful, soft, mellow and euphemistic tone. In the bamboo forest or Dai bamboo house on a moonlit night, it can give people a subtle and hazy aesthetic feeling, and the vibrato blown out is as elegant and gentle as trembling silk. Shi Guangnan, a famous composer, created the music "Bambusa in the Moonlight", which made Hulusi music popular all over the country.

4. Flower Street Festival

The biggest festival of Huayao Dai is the "Flower Street Festival" on the 13th day of the first lunar month. On this day, thousands of young men and women gathered in Flower Street from the surrounding villages. The flower street of the festival is very lively, and little girls dressed in ancient costumes (girls line up in long lines and walk leisurely through the flower street, competing for beauty and infinite amorous feelings; Boys are looking for the right person, keep your eyes open.

Step 5 get married

The prominent feature of Dai family and marriage in history is hierarchical marriage. There is a strict hierarchical marriage between chiefs, and polygamy is prevalent. Tusi also abused farmers' wives and daughters by virtue of their power. Most farmers have a patriarchal monogamous family, and parents and unmarried children are family members. There are differences in social development in different places, so there are also differences in family and marriage patterns.

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The customs, settlements and customs of the Dai people.

First, the customs:

1. Marriage: The prominent feature of Dai family and marriage in history is hierarchical marriage. There is a strict hierarchical marriage between chiefs, and polygamy is prevalent. Tusi also abused farmers' wives and daughters by virtue of their power. Most farmers have a patriarchal monogamous family, and parents and unmarried children are family members.

2. Funeral: Burial is very common, but there are obvious class differences. The burial places of the nobles and the poor are strictly separated. After the monks and buddhas died, they were cremated first, and then their ashes were buried in a crock behind the temple.

Second, inhabited areas:

Dai people mainly live in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture and Gengma and Menglian Autonomous County. The rest are distributed in more than 30 counties including Jingdong, Jinggu, Pu 'er, Lancang, Xinping, Yuanjiang and Jinping. The border Dai area borders Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam.

Third, local conditions and customs:

Dai people have the custom of eating flowers. There are more than 30 kinds of wild flowers commonly eaten, such as Panzhihua, Li Tang, Rhododendron, Huangfanhua, Beet Flower, Banana Flower, Bitter Cauliflower Flower, Erythrina Flower, Plantago Flower, Solanum, Bitter Thorn Flower, Pentium Flower and a kind of flower called "Mo Xie" in Dai language.

Dai's bamboo building divides the house in half with a fence. The back room is small, it is a bedroom, and outsiders are not allowed to enter. The outer room is spacious, the inner room is a hall, where guests are received, and the outer room is equipped with a fireplace, which is a place for heating and cooking.

Extended data

The development status of Dai nationality;

In the early days of the founding of New China, the Dai people generally carried out democratic political construction, eliminated bandits, stabilized social order, resumed and developed production, dredged ethnic relations, and initially changed the face of the Dai people. In order to abolish the feudal system of Dai society, the Party and the government led the Dai people to carry out democratic reform movement according to the specific conditions of Dai areas, and at the same time implemented regional ethnic autonomy in Dai areas.

Since the founding of New China, cultural undertakings have been constantly innovating. The large-scale Dai drama "Langa Xihe River" arranged by the Dai Troupe in Dehong Prefecture has performed more than 50 times in recent years, with an audience of nearly 200,000, and it is also very popular in ASEAN countries such as Myanmar.

In 2004, Nanxila, a large-scale Dai drama created and adapted by Dehong Dai Troupe, won the comprehensive gold medal and other 10 awards in the "New Drama Celebrating the 55th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China in Yunnan Province in 2004". Tom and Jerry, a foreign animated blockbuster, was introduced for the first time and translated and dubbed into the national language; Xishuangbanna's first cucurbit music album "Beautiful Dai Township" and many other series of audio-visual works.

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The customs and people's feelings of Dai nationality

1, folk custom

Dai people taboo outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; The tripod on the fireplace can't move, and the fire can't be pushed; Don't whistle or cut your nails at home.

The wedding of the Dai people is called "golden debt" by the people, which means wedding banquet. The wedding date can only be set from the "opening day" to the "closing day" every year (after the Dai calendar1February 15 and before the following September 15).

During this period, the wedding will be held at the bride's house, when pigs and chickens will be killed (some people will kill cows), and rich banquets will be held to entertain relatives and friends and villagers in the village.

2. Local customs

Dai people regard peacocks and elephants as mascots. People like to live by the water, love to be clean, take a bath frequently, and women like to wash their hair, so they have the reputation of "water nation".

Dai people have distinctive characteristics and love singing and dancing. Dai dance is vivid, exquisite and beautiful, and peacock dance is the most popular one. Graceful dancing and devotion vividly show the graceful posture of the peacock, imitating it vividly, as if bringing people into the realm of poetry.

Dai people can not only sing and dance well, but also create a splendid cultural life. Dai people are mainly named after Dai calendar, Dai medicine and Book of Songs.

Extended data:

Dai language and calendar

Dai people also have their own language and writing. There are three dialects and several sub-dialects, such as Thai, Lanna and Siam. The pronunciation gap between adjacent dialects is very small, and this gap increases with the expansion of spatial distance, but dialects can be easily communicated anywhere.

There are seven kinds of conjoined characters, Lancang characters, Lanna characters, terminal characters, tense characters, Nage characters and scarlet letters, all of which are written from left to right, with line breaks from top to bottom, but there are differences in form and structure.

Nowadays, due to the formation of modern national concept, Sukhotsu (Thai) is used all over Thailand, Lancang (Lao) is used all over Laos, and Dai people in other areas use their own languages, and only a few people still use their own languages.

There are two kinds of Dai calendars, namely, the big Dai calendar and the small Dai calendar. Da Dai Calendar is the earliest calendar used by Dai people, which was created by Dai ancestors on the basis of the Han lunar calendar. Today, only the Da Dai people with strong national consciousness still insist on using this calendar.

Therefore, it is called "Da Dai Li". The Xiao Dai calendar is actually a Burmese calendar, which was introduced into the Dai area from Myanmar. Xiao Dai (Thai) people are the first Dai people to accept this calendar, so it is called "Xiao Dai calendar".

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