Soccer Culture Essay Urgent! 500 words or so ！！！！

Football globalization and Chinese football

Abstract: Globalization is a popular concept in recent years, with far-reaching impacts in the political, economic and cultural fields, especially the globalization of the economy has driven the development of globalization in all other fields. From the perspective of the mutual influence of soccer and society, economy, management system and other aspects as well as the trend of globalization of soccer, this paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of the opportunities and challenges brought by the globalization of soccer to the world soccer movement, and puts forward the viewpoints of recognizing the trend of globalization development, dealing with the various contradictions, and scientifically responding to the various challenges, so as to make the soccer movement better and perfect development. China's soccer has been hovering among the world's low level, without much qualitative improvement. If China can't realize the revitalization of soccer, then China can't be regarded as a sports powerhouse, so now China can't be regarded as a sports powerhouse at all. As the world's No. 1 sport, soccer's shocking infectious power and unparalleled attraction is incomparable to any other sports. As the saying goes, "when the whistle blows, there is a lot of gold", and its successful operation will make it a business machine that creates huge wealth.

Keywords: soccer; globalization; world soccer movement Chinese football

(1) The origin and development of football

October 26, 1863

The world's first soccer association, the Football Association of England, was founded in the Freemason's Inn, Queen Street, London. The first formal rules of soccer in the history of the game were drawn up and adopted. The rules did not yet include a crossbar over the goal, but already stipulated that the ball had to be thrown by hand for a lineout - a rule that for the most part was very similar to the current one. This date is recognized as the birth of modern soccer.

1871 For the first time, the goalkeeper was allowed to catch the ball with his hands in the goal area.

July 28, 1871 The English FA Cup competition was officially born.

1872 England played their first international match against Scotland. In the same year, the first FA Cup winner in England's history was born, with Bolton Wanderers winning the title with a 1-0 victory over Royal Ennighters.

The offside rule was first laid down in 1874.

1875 Referees began to move from off-field to on-field enforcement and began to use whistles.

1878 The world's first lighted soccer game was played in the city of Sheffield, England.

1885 Professional soccer was first legally recognized in England, and professional soccer began to flourish in the country from then on.

March 22, 1888 The Football Association of England decides to introduce the National League, a league system that has since been widely adopted in various countries.

1889 Several soccer organizations emerged in the Netherlands and Argentina.

1890 The size of the goals was formalized and the use of goal nets began. Soccer tournaments began to be held in Austria. The first official women's soccer tournament was held in England.

Soccer was included in the first Olympic Games in 1896. Since only amateurs were allowed to participate in the Olympic soccer tournament, it made professional athletes from some countries to pose as amateurs, which seriously harmed the interests of other countries. As a result, the conditions were ripe for the creation of a new world competition.

On March 15, 1898 the Italian Football Federation was born in Turin.

1899 The Brazilian Football Association was born.

December 15, 1899 Alfred? Edwards founded the Milan Cricket Club, which soon evolved into the Milan Club and later split into two teams, AC Milan and Inter Milan.

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(2) Globalization is a concept that has become popular in recent years, with far-reaching effects in the political, economic and cultural fields, especially the globalization of the economy has led to the development of globalization in all other fields. Economic globalization is a historical process: on the one hand, the economies of countries and regions around the world are intertwined, interacting and integrating with each other to form a unified whole, i.e., a "global unified market"; on the other hand, global rules regulating economic behavior have been established around the world and a global mechanism for economic operation has been set up based on these rules. On the other hand, global rules governing economic behaviour have been established worldwide, and a global mechanism for economic operation has been established on this basis. The continuous development of economic globalization will inevitably have a deeper impact on the future of soccer, how to make the development of soccer into the orbit of economic integration is a topic worthy of study.

Football globalization is the inevitable trend of the development of soccer . The so-called soccer globalization refers to the long process of development in which soccer activities break through the boundaries and limitations of countries and regions and gradually integrate into one, which can also be called global soccer integration. This includes the globalization of soccer talents, the globalization of professional clubs and the globalization of soccer techniques and tactics. The emergence of pay television, the creation of the Bosman statute and the growing commercial revenues of soccer have given a strong impetus to the development of the sport, and the involvement of investors and the stock market has led to a new trajectory for the sport.

(3) The process of professionalization of soccer in China

At the first national conference on sports industry held in June 1993, the former State Sports Commission (now the State General Administration of Sports) put forward the development strategy that sports should be oriented to the market, go to the market, and take industrialization as the direction. As a breakthrough in China's sports reform, Chinese soccer began to step into the implementation of the industrialization of the development of the track. 1994, the eagerly awaited Chinese professional soccer league was finally launched. Due to the novel model, guaranteed funding, government concern and effective media publicity, the market has been extremely hot. 7 years, more than 50 clubs at all levels have participated in the league, and more than 1.6 billion people watched the live and recorded broadcasts through various media every year.

(4) The globalization of soccer talents and the development of national football

Football talents include excellent players, coaches, agents and so on, of which the players play a leading role. Players, as the main body of a team, now not only as a condition to win the game victory, but also has gradually become an important weight of the club's operation. In order to attract the attention of fans and increase the revenue of television broadcasting, the clubs in the introduction of players on the great effort. For example: 96/97 season of the Premier League spent in the purchase of players in the funds amounted to 100 million pounds, in 2001 the French player Zinedine Zidane transfer fee reached a new record of 64.4 million U.S. dollars. By 2003 Chelsea alone had spent nearly 100 million pounds on players. It is not just the value of the player on the soccer pitch that is reflected in the player, but also their commercial value that is increasingly valued by clubs. In terms of the number of player transfers, since the implementation of the Bosman Act in 1995, player transfers have become more liberal. 1,350 players transferred to England in 1990-1996, and according to the latest statistics of the Brazilian Football Association (ABF), Brazil exported 733 professional soccer players to foreign countries in 2001, which is an all-time record high. This is an increase of 4.51 percentage points over the previous record high in 2000. 701 soccer players played for foreign club teams in Brazil*** in 2000. With the globalization of soccer, Asian players have gradually gone global, Japanese players have been involved in professional soccer leagues in 21 countries, joining more than 50 teams and joining the first team of more than 54 people. China also had 16 people transfer to European clubs from 1978 to 2003. In Europe, German foreign players accounted for 52.5% of the total, and English foreign players accounted for 53.65% of the total. These figures show that the development of soccer globalization has promoted the extensive exchange of excellent players from different countries. The timely replacement of players is very important for the survival and development of a professional soccer club, only through the continuous flow of personnel, optimization of the combination, in order to form the most ideal, the most powerful lineup, according to the incomplete statistics of the Italian Football Federation, in Italy, the transfer rate of players every three years in a cycle of 75%-80%. On the other hand, the more star players a club has, the more it is not proportional to a club's performance in competitions, but proportional to the club's economic benefits. This is the globalization to the world football world vivid characteristics

Overall view of the world's soccer powers of the professionalization of soccer (Schedule), China's soccer can only learn from the advanced experience of soccer powers, and combined with the actual situation of our country, to take what I need, and use, in order to make us as far as possible to avoid taking a detour, so as to promote China's soccer industry in the normal track operation.

England, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, Germany

1885 1929 1933 1937 1963

(Table: Years of the start of professional leagues in advanced countries)

1. Accelerating the cultivation of all kinds of related talents, to ensure that the soccer industry's normal cycle and operation.

2. Gradually reduce the government's behavior and encourage more enterprises to invest in soccer. The local government can give the professional clubs a favorable policy within the permitted scope, such as the government departments give certain tax concessions to the clubs, and the national laws give appropriate legal support to the business activities.

3. Actively promote the listing of the club's shares, in order to be able to efficiently and multifaceted to raise enough money to invest in the club's various construction.

4. Continue to deepen the reform of the soccer system, to develop a series of mechanisms to regulate the operation of the market.

(4) the soccer culture of the blend

With the development of the world economy and the arrival of the information age, soccer culture is also intertwined with each other, complementing each other's strengths and weaknesses. European culture has accommodated the passion and creativity of South American culture, creating a new image of England, whose style of play is no longer dull and monotonous "power" type of soccer, and the change of playing technical soccer makes it full of vitality. South American culture is also gradually absorbing the rationality and discipline of European culture. Argentina as a representative, while maintaining the original technical characteristics, pay attention to the laws of soccer, abide by the overall discipline, with a more pragmatic spirit to change the image of South American soccer. They have both outstanding individual skills and accelerated overall tactics, maintaining individual improvisation while abiding by the laws and discipline of soccer. Meanwhile the television media has played a crucial role in promoting the game by bringing different styles of soccer to the viewers and facilitating learning and understanding between countries. The South Korean team, coached by Dutchman Hiddink, has become a shadow of the Dutch team. The Senegalese team, known as "France II", has made amazing progress with the majority of its players playing in the French league. Even the super-powerful Brazilian team is not exempt from this, with nine of its starting eleven playing in Europe. The World Cup is the perfect stage to showcase the globalization of soccer styles.

4.1 Internationalization of soccer management

National soccer leagues are the foundation of the development of soccer, soccer clubs are the main body of the leagues, and management is the main part of the clubs' operation. If properly managed, globalization will provide more opportunities for the development of the sport in countries where soccer facilities were once few and far between and soccer talent was buried. The industrialization of soccer is the way of the future development of soccer, which has now become one of the most promising industries in the world. For the underdeveloped countries of soccer, it is important to learn not only the techniques and tactics of soccer, but also the operation and management of soccer which are equally important for the development of the sport.

4.2 Football globalization is a double-edged sword

Football globalization has provided soccer lagging countries with more open opportunities for exchanges and learning, and they can absorb advanced techniques and tactics and high-level coaches and so on more easily. It also brings new opportunities for the development of soccer and provides a broad space for the rapid development of the world soccer industry. However, we also see that with the bankruptcy of ISL, a chain reaction has appeared --- in addition to the World Cup TV broadcasting rights sales, which play a locomotive role in boosting the soccer economy, are in trouble, and the financial black hole of European clubs has also appeared. The globalization of soccer is still in a period of development, we must be aware of its positive significance and adverse effects on the world soccer, in order to truly seize the opportunity to adapt to the development of globalization.

4.3 The monopolization of soccer clubs by financial capital

In European football, as more and more soccer clubs try to implement shareholding, some financial investors and institutions are buying up club shares on a large scale across Europe. UEFA has expressed concern about the excessive penetration of financial investment institutions into the soccer industry. The British National Investment Company (BNIC) is working to take control of a number of soccer clubs, and it is the first soccer operating consortium in Europe that currently controls shares in four soccer clubs in four countries. The company's goal is to create a "family of soccer clubs" for profit. Apparently, this company believes that clubs are just a tool for profit. Their approach may improve communication and cooperation between clubs, but it is not clear whether the meaning of soccer can be truly realized when they compete on the same field. We can't deny that the involvement of investors can bring huge economic benefits and development potential to the clubs, but this development should be based on the foundation of benefiting the game, and the clubs can't become the victims of these companies' profitability.

4.4 Unevenness in the development of globalization and the tendency of regionalization

Although the globalization of soccer has been widely developed in the world, there is still a great deal of unevenness in its development and the tendency of regionalization due to historical and cultural differences. Especially in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain; while Brazil and Argentina, continue to absorb some of the soccer elite from small neighboring countries such as Uruguay. This regional tendency reduces the exchanges between countries' soccer and limits the development of the game to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to increase inter-regional cooperation, so that the best players from various countries can be exchanged in a wider range.

4.5 "Matthew Effect"

The "Matthew Effect" is often mentioned in economics, and its original creator is the famous American scientist Robert? Merton. Since soccer has entered the era of commercialization, the investment of large amounts of money has pushed the development of the sport into a new era. Driven by the soccer economy, the globalization of soccer has seen an imbalance in its development, based on the economic development viewpoint that money only rushes to where it can make money. Countries and regions of the world with poor soccer environments are in danger of being gradually marginalized. Even in a country, soccer is better developed, economically developed areas are more and more "prosperous", while for those economically backward areas, soccer is more and more difficult to survive. The European league has become synonymous with the world's highest level of league, the trend of national league and even national players are marginalized. With the imbalance of capital investment, the gap is getting wider and wider, forming the so-called "Matthew effect". For example, the overall economic situation of Ligue 1 clubs has been relatively stable since the leap in the 1999-2000 season. While the overall economic situation has remained more or less the same, the gap between rich and poor clubs has widened, with the ratio of the budgets of the richest to the poorest clubs being around 5:1 in the previous season, but a year later the figure has become almost 9:1. The poorer the clubs, the less likely they are to receive sponsorship from large companies, with the average size of a Premier League club now being five times larger than that of a League One club in England. . Too many clubs are looking to expand to join the profitable Super League, buying players at high prices and spending wages that clubs can't afford, making the gap between clubs wider and wider, a situation that can lead to an unhealthy development of soccer. To play in Europe, especially the top five European leagues, has become the same dream of all non-European players***, and it has become the *** knowledge of soccer managers in various countries to send their players to European matches.

(5) Conclusion

The globalization of soccer is both an opportunity and a challenge. The globalization of soccer is like the process of globalization in other fields, it is both a new stage in the development of the world's soccer movement and a new era full of crises at the same time. For countries and regions lagging behind in soccer, the globalization of soccer is an opportunity for them to grow rapidly. High-level foreign leagues provide them with a more open platform for exchanges and give their level a chance to grow in this environment; at the same time, by drawing on the management experience of foreign soccer and the operation mechanism of the leagues, the level of management of the sport can be rapidly improved, thus helping the healthy development of soccer in their own countries. In addition, the exchange of coaches and players can help to speed up the cultivation of excellent talents in soccer, and so on. However, the challenge of soccer globalization is also serious, such as how to make this globalization become a real "globalization", rather than the Europeanization of soccer, to avoid the emergence of the "Matthew effect", to achieve the same development of the world's soccer **** is a very realistic problem. This is a very realistic issue. Today's world soccer and economic ties more and more closely, the contradiction between them is also more and more prominent, in the face of the challenges of soccer globalization, we must recognize the development trend, absorb the advanced experience of various countries, deal with the various contradictions, seize the opportunity to scientifically respond to the various challenges, so that the soccer movement for better development.