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Shu Hua is one of the most primitive fireworks displays in China. With the rapid development of smelting technology in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, craftsmen often dump excess copper juice, leaving fragmentary metal objects on the ground and walls, which are as beautiful as tree trunks and tree flowers in people's eyes. Gradually, the big Shu Hua performance was separated from smelting and turned into a fireworks performance. Later, the Great Shu Hua performance was also regarded as a way of exorcising ghosts and offering sacrifices to immortals, which added reverence and became one of the traditional social fire fighting activities.

The Great Shuhuaxiu was first recorded by Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote in "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "The fire shines on the heavens and the earth, and the red star is in chaos. Langlang moonlit night, winding cold Sichuan. " In 754 (13th year of Tang Tianbao), Li Bai traveled from Guangling and Jinling to Xuancheng, and back and forth between Guo and Juan. Seventeen Poems by Qiu Pu was written by Qiu Pu at this time. "Geography of the Tang Dynasty" records: "Qiupu is an area that produces silver and copper." As can be seen from Li Bai's poems, the scene of "Da Shu Hua Xiu" when the smelter dumped copper slag in the Tang Dynasty was extremely colorful, accompanied by singing and dancing.

Today, both Shanxi and Hebei in China have retained the tradition of performing the Great Shu Hua, especially the ancient town of Wenquan in Yuxian, Hebei Province, which has completely inherited this ancient art and protected it as an intangible cultural heritage.

However, the demand for craftsmen in the Great Shuhua Exhibition is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. First of all, dare to control the molten iron above 1600 degrees, and throw the sparks out with a special wooden spoon, which must be accurate and beautiful. The unstable spoon will hurt the craftsman himself. Secondly, Da Shuhuaxiu's physical fitness is extremely high, and he usually takes a rest after playing more than ten spoonfuls in a row. Only a truly brave craftsman can do it. Therefore, from ancient times to the present, the craftsmen of Dashuhuaxiu are highly respected.

It is precisely because the big Shuhuaxiu needs extremely difficult skills that it has not been promoted on a large scale. It can only be passed down from generation to generation by old craftsmen.

Nowadays, people appreciate the performance of Grand Shu Hua not only by watching the fireworks themselves. In Yuxian's folk activities, you can also see stage performances arranged by combining the performance skills of Shu Hua. By rehearsing traditional themes or folk stories from China, you can praise the hard work and wisdom of the working people. The positive influence of Dashuhuaxiu also makes this traditional skill become the focus of people's favor. During the Spring Festival, Hebei, Shaanxi and other places will stage classic programs of Da Shuhua Xiu to pray for the New Year.

ice lantern

Fly to the ice city in the north by plane. In front of people is a world of ice and snow with thousands of miles of ice, Wan Li snow and white clothes.

Just as people in the Pearl River Delta love flowers and hold a "flower market" once a year, people living in the Songhua River basin also love the art of ice and snow. Every year around the Spring Festival, they hold a grand "Ice Lantern Garden Party".

Ice lantern is a unique folk art in the north, which has a history of 100 years in China. It is said that fishermen along the Songhua River used to freeze an "ice cube" in a bucket and light a lamp in the middle. This is the most primitive ice lamp.

By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, on the fifteenth day of the first month, adults often made all kinds of small ice lanterns for children to catch. Children wandering in the streets and alleys, competing with each other, have become holiday gifts. Some towns also held small-scale ice lantern garden activities. "Heilongjiang Waiji" records: "Shangyuan, the city was brightly lit for five nights, and the car rang all night. Someone carved five or six feet of ice as birthday lanterns. The binocular torch in the middle of the fire looks like crystal! " It can be seen that 100 years ago, the Lantern Festival night in Qiqihar was so lively.

In modern times, Harbin inherited the tradition of the past and often held ice lantern garden parties. Qiqihar, Jiamusi and other cities and some state-owned farms also held similar activities during the Spring Festival. During the Spring Festival, the "Ice Lantern Garden Party" held in Harbin made this ice city particularly enchanting. Here, there are not only magnificent large buildings, but also exquisite and unique small objects; There are vivid legends in ancient and modern China and abroad, and there are fascinating sculptures in China; There are all kinds of flowers and vivid animal shapes; There are not only ice peaks and jade caves with landscape scenery, but also ice lanterns and snow lanterns that shine alone. Colorful and beautiful.

The production of ice lanterns can be divided into two types: freezing and ice sculpture. Generally, small ice lamps should be made into molds first, then filled with water and sent to the outdoor for freezing. When freezing, a large hole must be drilled on the frozen water surface to prevent the mold from freezing. When it is frozen to a certain thickness, pour out the water inside and take it back indoors. When it dissolves slightly, the ice shell can be pulled out. Then put the ice shell through the small hole with a red-hot iron bar, tie the iron wire, install the electric lamp and connect the power supply, and a delicate and dazzling ice lamp is completed. To make large-scale ice products such as ice peaks, ice beasts, ice towers and ice buildings, different ice piles should be built with natural ice blocks according to the design requirements, and then carved with tools such as axes, saws and shovels, and processed into various animals, flowers and buildings. Finally, the producer will dig a hole and put the electric light in the ice lamp.

Fishing in Chagan Lake in Winter

Chagan Lake, also known as Chagan Naoer (Mongolian meaning: White Lake), is located on the original Guoerluosi prairie on the Songhua River in western Jilin Province, with a total area of 420 square kilometers. It is one of the top ten freshwater lakes in China, rich in 68 kinds of fish, such as chub head fish, carp and silver carp.

The real winter fishing in Chagan Lake can be traced back to Liao and Jin Dynasties. According to historical records, Liao Sheng likes to eat "ice fish". Every year in the twelfth lunar month, he will lead his family to camp on the frozen Chagan Lake. The servant was ordered to scrape the ice from the tent until the ice was as thin as paper and the fish swimming under it could be clearly seen. When you have seen enough and want to eat, you gently break the thin ice, and the fresh fish in the water jump onto the ice one after another, becoming the object of the feast of the monarch and the minister. Historically, it is customary to call this fishing method "Bona in spring".

Because the winter fishing in Chagan Lake is easy to preserve and transport, this ancient winter fishing method continues to this day. Nowadays, the winter fishing wonders of Chagan Lake have been listed in the provincial intangible cultural heritage list of Jilin Province, and a grand ice and snow fishing and hunting cultural tourism festival is held every year.

Before fishing, a ceremony to worship the lake was held. "Fisherman's Head" put the offerings on the altar in sequence, then put nine sticks of incense in three incense burners and lit them, and then turned clockwise around the altar, the ice cave and the snow and ice Aobao for three times, chanting. Later, "fisherman's head" stood in the center of the venue, picked up the wine bowl, raised his hands over his head and began to recite the words of offering sacrifices to the lake. Then, "fisherman's head" will kneel in front of the ice cave with a wine bowl in his hand and shout: "The net caught in Chagan Lake in winter is awake, it's time to sacrifice to the lake! Dedicated to the immortal heaven! Sacrifice the earth that gave us life again! Three sacrifices to raise us to Chagan Lake! "

After offering sacrifices to the lake and drinking wine in Xiazhuang, all the people who participated in the winter fishing jumped on the trawl or sled and went to work on the ice.

After arriving at the net farm, the "fishing handle head" will determine the position according to the appearance and water depth of the lake bottom, dig the first ice eye as the net, then determine the flag planting position, and then determine the net and insert the flag. In the process of getting off the net, the horse pulls the wheel to twist the big sash, lifts the big net forward, and then the "net handle" puts the net under the ice with a hook to keep track of the weight of the net at any time. When the whole net is in the water, all the fish are surrounded in the net.

Finally, several horse-drawn net wheels are used to move the net, and the two sides of the net are combined together through the dry belts and hooks on the net wheels to form a large net. Each wing can be pulled out three pieces at the same time, which is called one pull, and it needs to be pulled out 16 times in total. When fishing, directly use the net to pull the fish hanging on the net to the ice and then pick it off, and use the "fishing rod" to fish out the fish floating at the outlet of the net.