What are the basic characteristics of China's ancient philosophy?

1) thinks that "Tao" is the origin of all things in the world and the highest philosophical concept. It is pointed out that "Heaven sends Tao and Tao sends nature" denies the absolute authority of "Destiny" personality God.

2) Put forward dialectical thought, pointing out that everything has two contradictory aspects, and the two contradictory aspects can be transformed into each other. Advocating "keeping quiet" can "defeat the strong with the weak"

3) Politically, we should "govern by doing nothing" and oppose Machiavelli-style politics to intimidate people, taking the world as the foundation.

4) It is conservative to advocate the negative thought that "chickens and dogs hear about each other, and old people don't talk to each other".

Confucius said:

1. Confucius' thought of "self-denial and courtesy" embodies his conservative side and violates the law of social development.

2. His thoughts conform to the needs of the rulers to consolidate their rule, and "benevolence", "virtue" and "propriety" are conducive to stabilizing the feudal order and gradually become the mainstream of China's traditional ideology and culture.

3. Later Confucian scholars carried forward the idea that Confucianism adapted to the development of autocratic monarchy, and improved the status of Confucianism and Confucius, the founder of natural Confucianism.

4. After the political order was stable in history and the rule was consolidated, Confucius was valued; When the society was in turmoil, Confucius was first criticized.

Mencius' theory of "benevolent governance" is based on the theory of "good nature". Mencius said, "Everyone has compassion." He believes that goodness is the unique nature of human beings and the fundamental symbol that distinguishes human beings from animals. He also emphasized the importance of educating people and the influence of objective environment on people.

The basic requirement of Mozi's virtue is "universal love", that is, being able to love everyone indiscriminately, which is the general principle of Mozi's social and political thought; "Not attacking", that is, opposing attacking and cutting, was Mozi's proposition to solve the extremely prominent merger problem among countries at that time.

Zhuangzi advocated indifferent to fame and fortune, advocated self-cultivation, and quietism.