Knowledge of photographic composition for beginners.

What do beginners of photographic composition need to learn? Composition should pay attention to echo and symmetry, which is the traditional aesthetic standard of China. Below, I have compiled some knowledge of photographic composition that beginners must master. Welcome to read the reference!

Essential knowledge of photographic composition for beginners.

1, horizontal position, so that the taken image will not be skewed. You can use buildings, telephone poles and other objects parallel or vertical to the ground as reference objects, and try to keep the picture balanced when taking pictures.

2, good color balance, the picture should have a strong sense of hierarchy, to ensure that the main body can stand out from all backgrounds. Such as complementary colors, the so-called red flowers and green leaves are in line with this truth. With the same color balance, people wearing black clothes generally don't arrange to shoot on a dark background.

3. Foreground can balance the picture. Sometimes, when we find that the vacancy on the picture is unbalanced, such as when the sky in Wan Li is cloudless and monotonous, we put drooping branches and leaves on it to make up for the lack of the picture; Sometimes the bottom of the picture can't be pressed. When the top is heavy and the bottom is light, you can use rocks and railings as the foreground, and the dark color makes the picture feel depressed, achieving a stable and balanced effect. The foreground adopts the expression of virtual focus, which gives people a feeling of hazy beauty.

In real life, all stable objects have a balanced form: the four legs of the table are stable; Building a house with a small bottom and a big top gives people a feeling of instability; Carrying a heavy burden makes it inconvenient to walk; People's posture in labor is obviously a posture of seeking physical balance to conform to this labor characteristic? . Many life phenomena cultivate people's psychology of demanding balance and play a role in people's aesthetic process. Generally speaking, the picture should be balanced and stable, which makes people feel stable, harmonious and complete. Using people's psychological factors for balance, we can emphasize the expressive force of the picture from several aspects:

A, symmetrical composition, symmetry has always been emphasized by our nation, and it has always been a palace. The capitals are all symmetrically arranged. It emphasizes a solemn atmosphere. Safe and sound In the symmetrical equilibrium, it shows a simple and solemn relationship.

B, the virtual and the real echo the layout, just like Jiangnan gardens. In some lyrical landscape pictures that emphasize elegance, quietness and softness, what is required is that the pictures that change and balance can be dense and dense, and the virtual and the real coexist, but the overall requirement is balance. In an idyllic scene, such as a cow in the lower left corner, there should be a cloud in the sky in the upper right corner.

Real Panorama How to take panoramic photos with a digital camera

Before the emergence of digital imaging technology, there were two ways for people to get panoramic photos: using special panorama camera rotation shooting or professional darkroom division to hand-splicing, which were difficult for ordinary photographers. What are the bragging points of APS camera? Panorama? It just takes advantage of the large angle of view of the super wide-angle lens, strictly speaking? Cover a photo? More appropriate. The popularity of digital cameras and digital image processing technology makes panoramic photography easy. Anyone who has a digital camera and a computer that can run image processing software can try to take panoramic photos with amazing angles.

Shooting point

There are certain requirements for panoramic photo stitching, such as similar exposure value, similar tone, sequential arrangement, and slight overlap with each other. There are some precautions when shooting.

1, choice of focal length

Some people think that when taking panoramic photos, the viewing angle should be as large as possible, so the shortest focal length (wide-angle lens or wide-angle end of zoom lens) should be used, so the number of photos spliced is less. In fact, this is a misunderstanding, and it is more troublesome when shooting and splicing. Because the wide-angle lens has a strong perspective effect, especially at the edge of the picture, it is easy to distort and it is difficult to achieve seamless stitching. Therefore, it is necessary to use the medium focus or telephoto end with small deformation when shooting, and it is not appropriate to change the focal length in the middle of shooting.

2. Exposure parameters

At present, many digital cameras have special panoramic modes. In this mode, the camera will automatically set the exposure parameters according to the requirements of taking panoramic photos. For cameras without panoramic function, the following points should be noted: a. Use average metering when metering, lock exposure parameters by manual exposure or AE lock during exposure, and do not change settings such as aperture, speed, ISO and resolution when shooting the same group of panoramic photos; B, use fixed white balance, using automatic white balance may cause different tones of photos.

3. Shooting method

When shooting in a certain order (from left to right or from top to bottom, etc. ), it is best to use a tripod to rotate smoothly. Pay attention to the vertical axis when shooting in rotation. When shooting left and right or panning point by point, pay attention to the same camera height and angle. Generally, do not use flash, which will cause low light and far darkness. There must be an overlap between two adjacent photos when shooting. Some digital cameras of Canon, Casio and other brands have auxiliary prompts on LCD screens in panoramic mode. Avoid shooting when the light conditions change dramatically (such as clouds covering the sun), so as to avoid too much difference in screen exposure. When shooting, you should also pay attention to avoiding moving objects (such as vehicles and pedestrians) at the joints. Although choosing a clearly marked position as the splicing point is conducive to the identification and splicing of some automation software, we still suggest choosing a position that is not clearly marked and easy to mix as the splicing part, such as water surface, distant mountains, etc., so that it is not easy to see the seams when splicing.

Good tricks are essential for getting started with digital photography.

Nowadays, digital cameras are becoming more and more powerful, and some functions are not even available in professional optical cameras, such as white balance adjustment, enclosed photography, scene mode photography, multi-point area evaluation photometry, multi-point focusing and offset focusing. And the automatic exposure function is becoming more and more powerful and perfect. It seems natural to take good photos with a digital camera, but it is not that easy in fact.

If you want to take more good photos, especially in harsh environmental conditions, it depends on your familiarity and deep understanding of your own photographic equipment, which requires a little basic knowledge of photography and aesthetic cultivation, and more importantly, long-term experience accumulation, so it is not easy to get. I'm still a novice in digital photography. I don't have much experience, but I have encountered many nails. I often get different photos and the results are satisfactory. I can also sum up something after careful memory and experience. Some below? Stupid trick? It may have certain reference value for filmmakers who are still exploring their experience. These stupid tricks are:

Multi-lens selection

More shooting means more practice and more experience from a macro perspective. Specifically, we might as well try more shots to win more, choose the best from many, or carefully re-shoot a scene after exploring the best scheme. This is a stupid trick, but it is really a trick to give full play to the advantages of digital cameras. Optical photographers have no laws. You see, optical cameras shoot with film, so you can't know whether you are satisfied or not on the spot. We won't know until we develop it. Winning with more is bound to waste a lot of film, the cost is too high, and optical photographers often cherish it. Mirror? For example, if you don't press the shutter easily, you won't know the result until you carefully grab the lens and take a photo. It is difficult to be dissatisfied, and it is too late to remedy it. Therefore, old friends often lament that optical photography is an art full of regrets.

Digital photography is different. The image is now stored on the magnetic carrier of the machine, and can now be played back and observed. If you are not satisfied, get rid of them and start over. This is a great advantage of digital photography. So now I usually set a topic first and select several scenes around the topic. First, each scene revolves around it several times, and the shooting scheme under different angles and different lighting conditions (backlight, shun-light, photometry, fill-light, etc.) is drawn up. ), and then I did not hesitate to shoot. Sometimes I shoot the same project from the same angle several times and then stop to play it back. Unsatisfied scenes are deleted on the spot, often ten to seven or eight.

Then shoot a scene and brew it until a special topic is completed. Generally speaking, two or three hundred or even four or five hundred shots were taken, leaving only seventy or eighty figures. After you come back, save it on the hard disk, then use ACDSee to enlarge and play it back, and delete a part. Then use the editing function of ACDSee to play back and do preliminary image processing. Generally speaking, one is to correct the deviation, the other is to delete and improve the composition when necessary, and the third is to use? Automatic level? Functional correction makes up for the deficiency of individual photo exposure. After this process, the photo can be considered as a preliminary finished product, and then it can be taken back to ACDSee for amplification and playback. If it is too mediocre, you can delete it again, so that there are only twenty or thirty or even a dozen photos left in each topic.