Read the material (25 points) and complete the following requirements. Material 1: China's foreign relations are influenced by the concept of "great unification", and all political relations are inter

Read the material (25 points) and complete the following requirements. Material 1: China's foreign relations are influenced by the concept of "great unification", and all political relations are internal affairs. (1) Take Confucianism as the basic principle of diplomacy (no formal diplomatic concept); Dual-use, mainly peaceful and friendly exchanges; Pay attention to cultural inspiration; Form a tribute system and establish the relationship between monarch and minister; Lack of formal diplomatic institutions; Establish an international order centered on China. (10)

(2) Change: gradually accept western diplomatic ideas and change diplomatic attitudes; Establish formal diplomatic institutions and form a modern diplomatic system; Expand the scope of foreign exchanges. (9 points)

Evaluation: Breaking the "China concept", beginning to accept western ideas and concepts, and enhancing the knowledge and understanding of the world; Diplomatic modernization is one of the manifestations of China's modernization and China's progress. China gradually integrated into the world. (6 points)

Test analysis: (1) Pay attention to the material information: "All political relations are internal affairs, and there is no' inter-state' diplomacy;" The foreign relations under the guidance of Huairou Ren Yuan are the performance of unilateral friendship and care for foreign countries. Articles: Tribute, trade, spreading advanced culture through diplomatic missions, and teaching students to accept foreign students; Wu: military strike; In essence, it is a military diplomatic activity guided by cultural inspiration. The system: the relationship between monarch and minister is actually an accurate international security system, which summarizes the characteristics of China's ancient diplomacy.

(2) According to the material information, "the traditional vassal management system without diplomacy has been broken. 186 1, the Prime Minister's Office was formally established. " The jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Office includes not only handling foreign negotiations and trade, but also all matters related to Westernization, such as building railways, mining and setting up factories, buying machines and guns, setting up new schools, sending overseas students and managing customs duties. ""The establishment of the Prime Minister's Office marks its management. According to the material information, "it marks a major change in the foreign attitude of the Qing Dynasty" and "changed the situation that China only cared about vassals and did not engage in diplomacy in the past, making it possible for China to enter the track of international diplomacy; Thirdly, the establishment of the Prime Minister's yamen ended the political system pattern of China without special diplomatic institutions for thousands of years, and made China appear on the international stage as a country rather than a dynasty.