Descriptive Creation of Dai Dance

1. Dai Dance Description Dai Dance is an ancient folk dance of the Dai people and the favorite dance of the Dai people.

It is popular in the whole Dai area, but in peacock dance, Mengding County, which is located in Ruili County and Gengma County, there are many professional artists who dance peacock dance for a living. They imitate peacocks: flying down the mountain, walking in the forest, drinking spring water, chasing and playing, dragging their wings, flapping their wings, spreading their wings, climbing branches, resting on branches, spreading screens, flying, and so on. Jump out of colorful dance movements and sculptural dance styles.

Their dance has strict procedures and requirements, fixed footwork and state, and even every movement is accompanied by fixed drum language. Dai people mainly live in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County and Menglian Dai and Lahu Wa Autonomous County, and are scattered in more than 30 counties such as Lincang, Lancang, Xinping, Yuanjiang, Jinping, Huaping, Dayao and Luquan.

Dai area is called "plant kingdom" and "animal kingdom" because of its beautiful mountains and rivers, rich resources and dense forests. Valley area is fertile, convenient for irrigation, hot climate and abundant rainfall, which is suitable for crop planting and cash crop planting. For a long time, Xishuangbanna has enjoyed the reputation of "granary in southern Yunnan"; Dehong area "mangshi millet, mixed rice" is famous in the whole province; Most Dai areas are grain production bases and cash crop production areas in our province.

Dai is a nation with a long history. As early as the first century BC, there were records about Dai in China history books. According to historical records since the Tang Dynasty, the Dai people are called "Hei Chi", "Gold Teeth", "Silver Teeth" or "Embroidered Feet", and they are also called "Mangman" or "White Dress". Song Yan called the Dai people "golden teeth" and "white clothes".

From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, "gold teeth" continued to be used, while "white clothes" were written as "white clothes" or "white clothes". Since the Qing dynasty, it has been called "putting clothes on".

But he said all the above. Dai people have always called themselves "Dai". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), according to the wishes of the Dai people in China, it was officially named "Dai".

Dai people call themselves, etc. In Chinese, they are called Shui Dai, Han Dai and Huayaodai, and their costumes are somewhat different. Dai language belongs to Zhuang-Dai language branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.

Dai people have their own characters. In the past, there were five different forms of scripts: Wen Na, Dai Beng, Dai and Xin Ping Dai. Dai Lu and Dai Na are popular now, both of which evolved from Sanskrit letters. Due to the imbalance of social development, Dai people have different religious beliefs in different places.

In Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other places where Dai people live in compact communities, they believe in both Hinayana Buddhism and primitive religion. Dai people scattered around the country mostly believe in primitive religions, some believe in Guandi and Guanyin, and some believe in Christianity.

Although the national festivals of the Dai people vary from place to place, they are all closely related to religious beliefs. In Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other Dai inhabited areas, the main festivals are the Dai calendar New Year, the festival of harvest, the festival of opening and dancing.

The New Year in Dai calendar is commonly called "Water Splashing Festival", and in Dai language, it is called "Sanggan Bimai" and "Suohe Sanggan Festival", which is held in June of Dai calendar (April of Gregorian calendar) and lasts for 3 to 5 days. Activities include picking flowers, building sand, bathing Buddha, splashing water, rowing dragon boats, and raising height. Song and dance activities are more important activities in the Dai New Year.

The closing and opening festivals are called "Howasa" and "owasa" in Dai language, which are derived from the Buddhist term "Sasana", meaning "fasting". The Dai calendar is from September to December (July to September in Gregorian calendar), which is the rainy season. People should concentrate on going to Buddhist temples to worship Buddha and listen to scriptures and stop other activities. Young men and women can't fall in love and get married, which is called closing day.

When the rainy season ends and the harvest season comes, the Open Door Festival will be celebrated. At that time, young men and women will put on new clothes, join groups, beat gongs and drums, go from village to village, and finally go to Buddhist temples to hold Buddha statues. In the past, there was a dance on the eighth day of February in the Gregorian calendar: the men in the village prepared rich food and offered sacrifices to the Buddha in the Buddhist temple. Then, in the Buddhist temple, four people danced with cymbals, gongs and elephant drums respectively, and then drank it off after the dance.

This kind of jumping activity is rare now. In the past, a grand Buddha worship activity was held during the dance swing, which was also called "big swing", chanting scriptures during the day and singing and dancing performances at night, but now it is not carried out.

Dai people in multi-ethnic areas believe in primitive religions, and some of them spend the Spring Festival with other ethnic groups and engage in activities such as catching flowers. In some places, there are activities to worship dragon trees and ancestors, and only a few places have sacrificial dances. Dai nationality is a nation with an ancient culture, and it is also a nation that can sing and dance well.

There are many kinds and forms of Dai dances, which are widely spread and have their own characteristics. Generally speaking, representative programs can be divided into three categories: self-entertainment, performance and sacrifice.

1. Self-entertainment programs include Ga Guang, Elephant Foot Drum Dance, Yela Club, and Shout Half a Lamp, among which Ga Guang and Elephant Foot Drum Dance are the most representative. "Gaguang" is a A Dai language. "Ga" means jumping or dancing. "Wide" refers to drums in general, and also refers to gathering and accumulation.

"Ga Guang" can be translated as "dancing around the drum" or "dancing encouragement". Xishuangbanna is called "Fanguang", and many places are also called "Tiaobai" and "Ningbai".

This dance is the oldest dance of the Dai people, and it is popular in more than 20 counties and cities. It is a kind of self-entertaining dance, which can be danced by men, women and children regardless of the venue. Gaguang is equipped with national percussion instruments such as elephant foot drums and cymbals; But in some places, people who beat gongs and drums also take part in the dance and lead people to dance in circles.

When dancing in the past, dancers could do whatever they wanted, as long as they were warm and cheerful. Many unified movements and routines have been developed, with different names in different places, and some dance programs have been derived.

For example, there are more than 30 sets of "Xin Ga Guang" danced by young people, "Ga Yang Ya" danced by two middle-aged and elderly women, and "Ga Wen" (soft dance) danced by old people. Elephant-foot drum dance is a kind of male dance with self-entertainment and strong performance.

The elephant foot drum is named after the shape of the drum. Dai people generally call it "Gaguang", but long, medium and small elephant foot drums have different names. This kind of dance is mainly played with elephant foot drums, accompanied by cymbals, cymbals, or drums and cymbals.

The long elephant foot drum is 1.8 to 2 meters long, which is called "Ga Guang Rao" in Dai language and can be seen everywhere, but Ruili County is the most representative. Long elephant foot drums are mostly used for accompaniment, and they can play a variety of drums. There are also some drum expressions, such as "about writing, about writing, about miles" (meaning "good lifting, good lifting, good wings lifting"); It can also be marginal.

2. Write a composition of the Dai people The origin and legend of the Songkran Festival is an annual traditional festival of the Dai people (April 13 to 15 in the solar calendar). The Dai language is called "cold combined with cold", which means "June New Year" or "Dai calendar New Year". In fact, the Songkran Festival is the New Year of the Dai calendar. Because of the Dai calendar, the New Year begins in June. However, there are two legends about the origin of the Songkran Festival. A long time ago, an evil devil occupied the beautiful and rich Xishuangbanna and married seven beautiful girls. The girls are full of hatred and plot how to kill the devil. One night, the youngest girl drunk the devil with the best wine and meat, exposing his fatal weakness. It turns out that this demon king who is fearless can't even prick his neck with his own hair. The alert little girl carefully pulled out a red hair of the lich king and tied it around his neck. Sure enough, the devil's head fell off and turned into a ball of fire. Wherever it rolls, the fire of evil will spread. Bamboo houses were burned and crops were burned. In order to put out the evil fire, the little girl grabbed the devil's head, and the other six girls took turns splashing water on it, and finally put out the evil fire in June of the Dai calendar. The villagers began to live and work in peace and contentment. Since then, there has been the custom of splashing water every year. Now, the custom of splashing water has actually become a form of mutual blessing. In the eyes of Dai people, water is a symbol of holiness, beauty and light. With water in the world, everything can grow, and water is the god of life. However, the story of Lijiang Huaping Dai Water-splashing Festival is unique. The Dai people here are the northernmost Dai tribe in China and even in Asia. Their story goes like this: It is said that a long time ago, A Dai village near the Jinsha River lived in the deep forest. Because the forest is on fire, the villagers are in danger of being swallowed up by the fire. Li Liang, a native of A Dai, rushed out of the fire net to protect the village and picked buckets of river water from Jinsha River to water the mountain fire. After a day and a night of hard work, the mountain fire was finally put out and the villagers were saved. Li Liang was sweating with fatigue. The villagers called Qingshui to quench Li Liang's thirst, but drinking 99 barrels of water could not quench his thirst. Later, Li Liang jumped into the river, became a dragon, and went along the river. Some people say that he has become a big tree. To commemorate Li Liang, every year on the third day of the third lunar month, Dai people clean every household, sprinkle pine leaves, and build a half-mile-long green shed along selected rivers or wells. The shed is covered with thick pine needles, and there are water tanks filled with water on both sides. At noon, when the sun is at the top, everyone goes under the shed and sprays pine branches on each other to express their memory of Li Liang and their wishes for the New Year. This activity has continued to this day and has become a festival for the Dai people to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year-the Water-splashing Festival. The water-splashing festival is coming, and the Dai people are busy killing pigs, chickens and making wine. They also have to make many "rice cakes" and Baba made of various glutinous rice to eat during festivals.

3. The Dai people in China have a long cultural tradition and a population of nearly one million.

Mainly distributed in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, western Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture and Gengma Menglian Autonomous County. Songkran Festival is the most important festival of Dai people.

It is held in April of the lunar calendar every year and usually lasts for three to four days. Up to now, there is still a myth circulating among the Dai people: in ancient times, there was a demon in the Dai area. He has done many bad things, and people hate him, but nothing can deal with the devil.

Later, the seven girls discovered the devil's achilles heel, and only the devil's hair could be put to death. One night, the girls bravely killed the devil.

But as soon as the devil's head touched the ground, it ignited a fire. At this point, the girls immediately looked up in turn.

Once a year, when you change people. People pour water on the girl holding her head to wash away the blood and fatigue.

Later, the most important festival of the Dai people, the Water Splashing Festival, was formed. On "Mairi", the first day of the festival.

Early in the morning, people will pick flowers and leaves to worship at the Buddhist temple, but they will come to the clear water to "bathe the Buddha"-to welcome the dust for the Buddha statue. After the "bath", we began to splash water collectively.

A group of young men and women poured out of the street with clear water and threw it at everyone. "When the water is splashed, the Dai family will prosper." "When the water is wet, it will last a lifetime." One after another auspicious, happy and healthy spray blooms in the air.

Dragon boat rowing is one of the most exciting programs of the Songkran Festival, which is usually held on the third day of the Songkran Festival "Maipaya Late Horse". On that day, people put on holiday costumes and gathered on the banks of Lancang River and Ruili River to watch the dragon boat race.

There are all kinds of dragon boats moored on the river, and dozens of strong players sit on the boat. When the order is given, the dragon boat flies forward like an arrow leaving the string. Drums, horns and cheers are everywhere, and the festive atmosphere here has reached * * *.

"Fly high" is another program of the Water-splashing Festival. Goldman Sachs is a kind of fireworks made by the Dai people. Gunpowder and other ingredients are added to the bottom of bamboo poles, which are placed on tall towers made of bamboo, which are often detonated at night.

Let out gorgeous fireworks in the air, just like flowers, dazzling and wonderful. Songkran Festival is the crystallization of Dai traditional culture, and it is a happy and festive festival.

4. Composition fragments describing Dai folk customs. The main festivals of the Dai people are the Dai calendar New Year-Water-splashing Festival, Closing Festival and Opening Festival.

The "Water-splashing Festival" is a traditional festival for the Dai people to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. The time is in the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar. The main activities during the festival are ancestor worship, sand piling, water splashing, packet loss, dragon boat race, lighting fire and singing and dancing carnival.

Taboo: it is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; The tripod on the fireplace can't move, and the fire can't be pushed; Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows; When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place; Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk. Daily Eating Habits Most Dai people have the habit of having two meals during the solar eclipse, with rice and glutinous rice as the staple food.

Dehong Dai's staple food is japonica rice, and Xishuangbanna Dai's staple food is glutinous rice. Usually eaten immediately. People think that japonica rice and rice need to be eaten immediately without losing their original color and fragrance, so they don't eat overnight meals or rarely eat them, and they are used to pinching rice with their hands.

Migrant workers often eat fish meals in the wild. They make glutinous rice balls out of banana leaves or rice, which can be eaten with salt, pepper, sour meat, roast chicken, Mi Nan (which means sauce in Dai) and moss pine. All dishes and snacks are mainly sour, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour pea powder, sour meat and wild sour fruit; I like to eat pickled cabbage, which is made by drying vegetables.

5. Introduce the composition of Dai people. An overview of Dai customs.

Dai is one of the 56 ethnic minorities in China, and most of them live on the border of Yunnan Province. According to statistics, the Dai population is 1 0,025, 128. Dai people have their own history and customs. This paper will generally introduce four aspects of Dai customs: diet, religious belief, festivals and taboos.

1. Prescribed diet

Like most Asians, the Dai people's diet is mainly cereals. The Dai people in different regions have slightly different staple grains. According to Zhong Fulan's introduction to Dai customs, Dehong Dai people mainly eat stem rice, while Xishuangbanna Dai people mainly eat glutinous rice. (3) The meat eaten by Dai people is mainly pork, beef, chickens and ducks, and mutton is seldom eaten. (Zhongfulan 3) Bitter bamboo shoots and bitter gourd are common vegetables of Dai people. Dai people like to eat insects, cicadas, bamboo worms and spiders are all raw materials for Dai snacks. (Zhong Fulan 3)

2. Religious belief

Dai people are a people who believe in Buddhism (Hinayana). Different from Mahayana Buddhism believed by the Han nationality, Mahayana Buddhism believed by the Dai nationality has no bodhisattva belief, and there is no custom of burning scars. Like other Hinayana Buddhist areas, Dai boys need to become monks and receive Buddhist religious education in temples before reaching adulthood, and then they can choose to return to the secular family or stay in temples to continue their practice and become formal monks bound by monks. Those who are not monks will be regarded as minors or uneducated.

3. festivals

Most Dai festivals are Buddhist festivals, the most famous of which is the Water Splashing Festival. In the article "Legend of the Origin and Origin of the Dai People's Water-splashing Festival", the author points out that the Water-splashing Festival originated from the ceremony of Brahmanism in India, and was later absorbed by Buddhism and became the Bath Buddha Festival. Songkran Festival is also the beginning of a year in Dai culture. (1) The Songkran Festival is usually in the middle of April in Gregorian calendar.

taboo

Taboos of Dai people include but are not limited to:

Walking in the house with shoes on; Crossing the fire pond; Touch the young monk's bald head; Hang your trousers on your coat when you are hanging clothes.

6. Composition on the Dai People The Songkran Festival is the biggest festival of the Dai people, and it is also the festival with the greatest influence and the largest number of participants among the ethnic festivals in Yunnan Province. Songkran Festival is the New Year of Dai calendar, which is equivalent to mid-April of Gregorian calendar and generally lasts for 3 to 7 days. On the first day, the Dai language was called "Mairi", which was similar to Chinese New Year's Eve. The next day, the Dai language is called "angry day" (empty day); The third day is the New Year, called "Overlord Horse", which is actually the first day of the year. People think this day is the most beautiful and auspicious day. In the early morning of the festival, Dai men, women and children put on festive costumes, carried clear water, went to the Buddhist temple to bathe the Buddha, and then began to splash water on each other to wish each other luck, happiness and health. People are dancing and shouting "water! Water! Water! " The sound of gongs and drums resounded through the sky, and the spray of blessings splashed everywhere. The scene is really spectacular. Dai people mainly live in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Gengma and Menglian in Yunnan Province. The rest are scattered in more than 30 counties such as Xinping and Yuanjiang, with a population of 1.25 million (the fourth population census 1.990). Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was established on 1.9531October 24th. Later, Yunnan Dehong Autonomous Prefecture was established (1.953). Menglian Dai, Lahu and Wa Autonomous County of Yunnan (65438+June16,0954) Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County of Yunnan (65438+June 65438,0955) Yuanjiang Hani Yi and Dai Autonomous County of Yunnan (65438) Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County of Yunnan (/) Dai people have a long history. As early as the first century A.D., it was recorded in China history books. In the Han dynasty, it was called "point moon" and "mountain", and in the Tang and Song dynasties it was called "golden tooth" and "black pool". According to the wishes of the Dai people, it was named "Dai". Usually, people refer to the Dai people in the mainland and the frontier as "Han Dai" and "Shui Dai" respectively. The former was called the Han Dynasty because it was close to the Han nationality and absorbed more Chinese culture, and was misrepresented as the "Han Dynasty". The Dai people in Xishuangbanna, Menglian, Ruili and other places are called "Shui Dai". Dai people call themselves "Dai Nuo", "Dai Ya", "Dai Na" and "Dai Zhan". Dai people have their own language for dragon boat racing. This language belongs to Zhuang-Dai branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. At present, Xishuangbanna and Dehong are two popular Dai languages, which are pinyin characters. Among them, Dai calendar, Dai medicine and narrative poems are the most famous. Dai calendar year is solar calendar year, and month is lunar calendar month. A year is divided into three seasons: cold, hot and rainy, and September every three years is a leap month. This calendar is still widely used in Thailand, Myanmar and other places. Dai medicine, together with Mongolian, Tibetan and Uygur medicine, has become the four most famous ethnic medicine systems in China. There are many narrative poems circulating in Dai areas. Such as the stories of Zhao Shutun and Nanmu Nannuo, Lan Jia He Xi and Aunt. Dai drama has a history of 100 years. Most Dai people believe in Hinayana Buddhism. Rubber production in Dai areas of Xishuangbanna has greatly increased, Pu 'er tea is well-known at home and abroad, and local and township enterprises have developed rapidly. There are mining, machinery, electric power, chemistry, ceramics, leather, paper and other factories and mines. The main festivals of Dai people are Songkran Festival, Closing Festival and Opening Festival. Songkran Festival is a traditional festival for Dai people to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. It is held in mid-April of Gregorian calendar. The main activities during the festival are ancestor worship, building sand, splashing water, losing packets, dragon boat racing, setting off sparks and singing and dancing.

7. The fragment describing peacock dance peacock dance is a representative folk dance of the Dai people. Many Dai villages have people who are good at dancing peacock dance. Due to the handed down from generation to generation and the meticulous creation of folk artists, different schools of peacock dance content have been formed. Most of them show peacocks flying down the mountain, walking in the forest, drinking water, chasing and playing, dragging wings, drying wings, spreading wings, shaking wings, brightening wings, drinking water, kicking branches, resting branches, opening screens and flying. Their feelings are implicit, their dance vocabulary is rich, and their dance movements are full of sculpture. Most of them keep shaking evenly in a semi-squat posture, and every joint of their bodies and arms is bent and formed. Different hand shapes or hand movements have different aesthetic feeling and artistic conception. Peacock dance has strict procedures and requirements, standardized position map and footwork, and each movement is equipped with corresponding drum language. In addition to imitating the movements of peacock life, it also shows fairy tales. Peacock dance, Dehong Prefecture, is more of a scene where a peacock is snatched by a demon or a king in the forest and the other one flies to look for it. Peacock dance in Xishuangbanna is mostly based on the story of the reunion of the prince and the peacock princess in the folklore "Zhao Shu Tun and Nanmu Nannuo". Jin Lu, monkeys, elephants and hunters also appeared in the dance that showed fairy tales. Due to climate and natural conditions, there are many peacocks in Dai areas. Dai people have long had the habit of keeping peacocks. Dai people think that peacocks are beautiful, kind and smart, and they are a symbol of good luck, and they have reverence for them.