China's four famous embroidery?

The four famous embroideries refer to Suzhou Suzhou embroidery, Hunan Hunan embroidery, Guangdong Guangdong embroidery, Sichuan Shu embroidery in embroidery. Embroidery is a needle and thread on the fabric embroidered with a variety of decorative patterns of the general term. Embroidery is divided into silk thread embroidery and feather embroidery two kinds.

The Four Famous Embroideries refer to the traditional embroidery craft of Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Guangdong embroidery, Shu embroidery. Embroidery is a decorative fabric that uses a needle to pierce silk thread or other fibers and yarns with certain patterns and colors on the embroidery material to form a pattern with embroidery marks. It is an art of adding human design and production with needle and thread to any fabric in existence. The history of Su embroidery is more than 2,000 years long. Since ancient times, Su embroidery has been famous for its fine and elegant composition, prominent themes and exquisite skills. The finest threads used in Suzhou embroidery, for example, can be seen clearly by the human eye, which is a testament to its fineness.

Xiang embroidery was developed by absorbing the advantages and strengths of Suzhou embroidery and other embroideries. Hunan embroidery uses different colors of threads mixed with each other, gradually changing, rich and full of color, and harmonious tone. The patterns of Hunan embroidery draw on the strengths of Chinese painting, and the embroidered content is mostly landscapes, figures, animals, etc. Especially the lion and tiger themes of Hunan embroidery are realistic and lifelike.

Cantonese embroidery is full of composition, busy but not chaotic, decorative, colorful and vivid, embroidery smooth and smooth ....... Cantonese embroidery has a wide range of subjects, mostly birds in the sunrise, dragons and phoenixes and other motifs.

Shu embroidery with soft satin and colored silk as the main raw material, stitching up to more than 100 kinds of, giving full play to the strengths of hand-embroidery, with a strong local style. Most of the themes of Shu embroidery are birds, flowers, animals, insects, fish and people, etc. In addition to embroidered screens, there are also quilt covers, pillowcases, cushions, tablecloths, headscarves and so on.

Su Embroidery

Su Embroidery, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, including the center of Jiangsu embroidery products. Legend has it that it originated from Zhongyong's granddaughter, "Nihong", the first to make embroidered clothes. Ancient people in the south of the Yangtze River have the custom of the dragon in the body, Zhong Yong wanted to break this custom, the granddaughter of the red invented the dragon pattern embroidered on the clothes to replace the tattoo. In order to honor the inventor of embroidery, the folk will still be women engaged in textile, sewing, embroidery and other activities known as "female red".

Suzhou is located in the south of the Yangtze River, and the birthplace of Suzhou embroidery is in the area of Wu County in Suzhou, which is adjacent to the Taihu Lake, has a mild climate and produces a lot of silk. Therefore, there has always been a traditional habit of women specializing in embroidery. Superior geographic environment, brilliant and rich brocade, colorful floral line, for the development of Su embroidery to create favorable conditions. In the process of long-term historical development, Su embroidery in the art of forming a beautiful pattern, color harmony, bright lines, stitch lively, fine embroidery of the local style, known as the "Pearl of the Orient".

Features

From the point of view of appreciation, the main artistic characteristics of the work of Suzhou embroidery: landscape can be divided into near and far the interest; pavilion with the body of the profound; figures can be viewed vividly; flowers and birds can be reported to the intimacy of the state. Su embroidery imitation painting embroidery, writing embroidery and its realistic artistic effect is famous all over the world.

In the embroidery techniques, Su embroidery is mostly based on sets of needles, embroidery thread sets do not show the needle. Commonly used three or four different kinds of similar color thread or adjacent color matching, set embroidery out of the color effect of dyeing freely. At the same time, in the performance of the object is good to leave the "waterway", that is, in the object of the depth of the change, leaving a line of empty, so that the level is clear, the pattern outline is neat. Therefore, people in the evaluation of Suzhou embroidery is often "flat, Qi, fine, dense, uniform, smooth, and, light" eight words to summarize it.

After a long period of accumulation, Suzhou embroidery has developed into a complete variety of picture harvest, a complete art with many variations, involving decorative paintings (such as oil painting series, Chinese painting series, water town series, flower series, greeting card series, pigeon spectra series, vase series, etc.). The actual products involve clothing, handkerchiefs, scarves, greeting cards and so on.

Cantonese Embroidery

Cantonese Embroidery, Cantonese Embroidery (Cantonesembroidery) is the general name of Canton Embroidery and Chaozhou Embroidery, with Guangzhou City and Chaozhou City in Guangdong Province as the center of production, so far there has been more than a thousand years of history.

Long history

Guangdong embroidery can be documented history in the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Su Osprey "Du Yang Miscellaneous Editorial" recorded that the South China Sea, 14-year-old girl Lu Mei Niang in the palace in a foot of silk embroidery "Dharma Sutra" 7 volumes, the word such as corn grains and dots and drawings, as fine as a hair.

Cantonese embroidery works have a **** with the same characteristics, from a distance, very eye-catching, close up and very fine. Because the pattern is the western oil painting style, embroidery for embroidery to be exquisite, will increase the embroidery line type and reform the embroidery method, rich embroidery expressive, so that the embroidery skills more improved. For example, the peacock feathers are twisted into threads, and the horse's tail is wrapped around the velvet as a stranding thread.

Features

In addition to the rich and varied needlework, Cantonese embroidery also focuses on the idea of creation and design, and is good at incorporating good luck and good wishes into the embroidery. In the method of creation adopted from life and attach importance to tradition, not satisfied with the depiction of reality and the pursuit of a more beautiful ideal, at the same time, but also good at taking the strengths of painting and folk paper-cutting and other forms of art, so that the embroidery of the composition is full, busy but not chaotic, even needle step, bright and smooth, clear and distinct texture, the object image of the shape of the spirit and the life-like, exquisite, fully embodies the local style of Cantonese embroidery and artistic characteristics. It fully embodies the local style and artistic characteristics of Cantonese embroidery.

Chaosiu Embroidery

"Chaosiu Embroidery" has more than 60 kinds of gold stitch and more than 40 kinds of velvet embroidery stitches, at the same time, the artists also use the folding embroidery, insertion embroidery, gold and silver outlining, brown silk outlining and other skills, so that "Chaosiu Embroidery" in the "embroidery, nail, embroidery, embroidery, embroidery, embroidering, embroidering, embroidering, embroidering, embroidering, embroidering, embroidering, and so on. "Embroidery, nail, cushion, paste, spelling, embellishment" and other techniques more perfect, resulting in "flat, floating, protruding, live" artistic effect

1. Velvet embroidery, nail gold embroidery, gold and velvet mixed embroidery, embroidery and other varieties of thread embroidery, each with its own characteristics.

2. Nail gold embroidery and mixed gold velvet embroidery. Nail gold embroidery, also known as gold and silver embroidery; to gold and silver thread-based, velvet as a supplement called gold and velvet mixed embroidery. Nail gold embroidery needlework is complex, there are over the bridge, step on the needle, fishing petals, cushion, concave needle, tired hook embroidery, more than 60 kinds of needlework, including "two needle enterprise scale" needlework for other embroidery types are not. Nail gold embroidery using cushion, embroidery, paste, spelling, embellishment and other technical processing, can produce relief-style artistic effect.

3. Thread embroidery. Pure silk thread plane embroidery.

Guangzhou embroidery

"Guangzhou embroidery" stitch mainly has seven categories of more than 30 kinds of stitches, including straight twisted needle, bundle bite needle, continue to insert the needle, auxiliary needles, embroidery, embroidery, embroidery, embroidery, variations of embroidery, etc., as well as Guangzhou gold embroidery embroidery in the flat embroidery, embroidery, embroidery, embroidery, embroidery, appliqué embroidery and other six categories of 10 kinds of needlework.

Guangzhou embroidery needlework is versatile, even step, clever use of needlework silk texture to show the texture of the object; a wide range of subjects, colorful, focusing on the harmonious use of light and shadow; pay attention to the embroidery of the needlework technology, pay more attention to the embroidery of the artistic effect, and the pursuit of the "work" for the "art". "The embroidery is rich in color, focusing on the harmonious use of light and shadow. Canton embroidery varieties, according to the embroidery material, there are silk velvet embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery, thread embroidery and bead embroidery four categories.

Guangzhou embroidery needlework varied, needle step uniform, clever use of needlework silk texture to show the texture of the object; a wide range of subjects, colorful, focusing on the harmonious use of light and shadow; pay attention to the embroidery of the needlework technology, pay more attention to the embroidery of the artistic effect, pay attention to the "work" for the "art". "The embroidery is rich in color, focusing on the harmonious use of light and shadow. Canton embroidery varieties, according to the embroidery material, there are silk velvet embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery, thread embroidery and bead embroidery four categories.

Shu embroidery

Shu embroidery, also known as "Sichuan embroidery", is centered in Chengdu, Sichuan embroidery products in general. The history of Shu embroidery is also very long. According to Chang Qu's Huayang Guo Zhi of the Jin Dynasty, the embroidery of Shu was already very famous at that time, and Shu embroidery was regarded as a famous product of Shu together with Shu brocade. The pure ornamental products of Shu embroidery were relatively few, mostly daily necessities, and most of the materials were flowers, birds, insects and fishes, folk auspicious phrases and traditional decorations, etc., which were quite festive and embroidered on quilt covers, pillowcases, clothes, shoes and painting screens. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Shu Embroidery absorbed the strengths of Gu Embroidery and Su Embroidery on the basis of local traditional embroidery techniques, and became one of the most important commercial embroideries. Shu embroidery with neat needles, flat and bright, clear silk, without adding a substitute pen, pattern edges as knife cut too neat, bright colors.

Characteristics

Shu embroidery originated from the folk in western Sichuan, in the long-term development process, due to the geographical environment, customs, culture and art, and other aspects of the influence, and gradually formed a rigorous and delicate, bright and smooth, sparse composition, and thick and rounded, bright colors of the unique style. Shu embroidery works are rich in materials, including flowers, plants and trees, birds and animals, landscapes, fish and insects, portraits and so on. Needle method includes 12 categories *** 122 kinds, commonly used needle method has a halo needle, laying needle, rolling needle, cut off the needle, doping needle, yarn needle, cover needle, etc., pay attention to the "neat feet, thread pieces of bright, tight and soft, car screw to the home".

There are many kinds of embroidery, including quilts, pillowcases, clothes, shoes and screens, both huge screens, and pocket-sized pieces, which are both ornamental and practical works of art. Today's embroidery, both the huge screen, there are pocket-sized small pieces; both high-precision appreciation of the masterpiece, but also ordinary daily consumer goods.

Xiang Embroidery

Xiang Embroidery is a general term for embroidery products centered in Changsha, Hunan Province. Hunan embroidery is characterized by the use of velvet threads (no floss), which are actually treated in a solution to prevent fluffing, and are locally known as "wool embroidery". Hunan embroidery is also mostly based on national paintings, with vivid and realistic forms and bold styles, and was once known as "embroidering flowers to give birth to fragrance, embroidering birds to listen to sound, embroidering tigers to run, and embroiderers to convey the spirit of the gods". The color scheme of Hunan embroidery humanities paintings is characterized by shades of grey and black and white, which is as elegant as ink paintings; the colors of Hunan embroidery daily necessities are colorful, and the patterns and ornaments are more decorative.

Features

Xiang embroidery is mainly embroidered with pure silk, hard satin, soft satin, transparent yarn and various colors of silk thread and floss. Its characteristics are: strict composition, bright colors, various stitches rich in expressive power, through the rich color threads and ever-changing stitches, so that the embroidered figures, animals, landscapes, flowers and birds have a special artistic effect. In Hunan embroidery, no matter flat embroidery, weaving embroidery, net embroidery, knot embroidery, hit the child embroidery, cut velvet embroidery, three-dimensional embroidery, double-sided embroidery, messy needle embroidery and so on, all pay attention to the portrayal of the appearance of the object and the inner texture, even if a scale, a claw, a petal, a leaf, a micro-almost meticulously. From the 1958 Changsha Chu tomb unearthed embroidery, as early as two thousand five hundred years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Hunan local embroidery has been a certain development. In 1972, forty pieces of embroidered clothes were unearthed in the tomb of Western Han Dynasty in Changsha's Mawangdui, indicating that in the Western Han Dynasty as far back as two thousand one hundred years ago, Hunan's local embroidery has been developed to a high level. Since then, in the long process of development, it has gradually cultivated a simple and beautiful artistic style.

With the development of the commodity production of Hunan embroidery, through the diligent creation of the majority of embroidery artists and the participation of some excellent painters in the reform and improvement of Hunan embroidery techniques, many fine traditions of Chinese painting were transplanted to embroidery, and the traditional Chinese painting, embroidery, poetry, calligraphy and goldsmiths' various arts were skillfully blended into a whole, which resulted in the formation of the Hunan embroidery based on the Chinese painting, utilizing more than seventy kinds of stitches and over one hundred kinds of embroidery threads, and giving full play to the Chinese painting. Color embroidery thread, give full play to the expressive power of needlework, fine and subtle delineation of the characteristics of the object shape and texture, embroidery image vivid and realistic, bright colors, strong texture, both God and form, style bold, had "embroidered flowers raw incense, embroidered birds can listen to the sound of the embroidery, embroidered tigers can run, embroiders can convey the spirit of the reputation of the".