Textile processing process

The so-called spinning is to twist animal or plant fibers into continuous and infinitely extending yarns so as to be suitable for textile behavior.

The spinning process includes eight steps: impurity removal, opening, opening, carding, combing, drafting, twisting and winding.

1, impurity removal

Spinning is a science that studies the processing of textile short fibers into yarns. Yarn is generally made of many short fibers with different lengths, and some are made of very long continuous monofilaments.

In the process of spinning, impurities need to be removed first, that is, the raw materials are preliminarily processed, which is also called the preparation of spinning raw materials. Different kinds of raw materials, different kinds and properties of impurities, and different processing methods and processes.

The primary processing methods of raw materials mainly include physical methods (such as cotton ginning), chemical methods (such as degumming of hemp and scouring of spun silk) and methods combining physical and chemical methods (such as washing, weeding and carbonization of wool).

2. release; Emissions; issue

It is necessary to change the block fiber into a single fiber state, remove the transverse connection of fiber raw materials, and establish a firm longitudinal connection from end to end. The former is called fiber release and the latter is called fiber collection.

Loose fiber is to completely remove the transverse connection between fibers, but the damage of fibers must be reduced as much as possible. The collection of fibers is to re-establish the orderly longitudinal connection of released fibers, which is continuous, and the fibers in the collection should be evenly distributed and have a certain linear density and strength.

Fiber assembly also needs to increase a certain twist. The assembly process is not completed at one time, and it can only be completed through carding, drafting and twisting.

Step 3 start

Opening is to tear large pieces of fiber into small bundles. Broadly speaking, the degumming of hemp is also an opening. With the opening, the connection between fibers and impurities is weakened, so that impurities are removed and fibers are mixed.

Opening and removing impurities are not completed at one time, but are gradually realized through the reasonable configuration of tearing, beating and separating.

4, combing

The carding function is to further loosen the small pieces and bundles of fibers into a single state through a large number of dense carding needles on the carding machine, thus further improving the loosening of fibers. After carding, the transverse connection between fibers is basically eliminated, and impurity removal and mixing are more sufficient.

However, a large number of fibers are bent and have hooks, and there is still a certain horizontal connection between each fiber.

Step 5 comb

The carding function of the comber is to comb the two ends of the fiber more carefully under the clamping state. Comber processing can eliminate short fibers and fine impurities below a certain length, and promote fibers to be more parallel and straight. Chemical fiber is generally not processed by combing machine because of its neat length, less impurities and good straight and parallel state.

Step 6 draft

The drafting process of combed sliver is called drawing. It lays a foundation for firmly establishing the regular end-to-end connection relationship between fibers. However, drafting will bring uneven yarn short joints, so it is necessary to configure reasonable drafting device and process parameters.

7. Twisted

Torsion is to twist the whisker around its own axis, so that the fibers parallel to the axial direction of the whisker are spiral, thus generating radial pressure to fix the longitudinal connection between the fibers.

8. curved

Winding a semi-finished product or finished product into a certain form to facilitate the storage, transportation and processing of the next process is called winding. The winding process should be carried out continuously on the basis of not affecting the output and quality of products, and efforts should be made to realize continuous production among all processes and minimize the quality problems caused by the winding process.

In short, the spinning process generally includes the functions of raw material preparation, opening, carding, impurity removal, mixing, drafting, merging, twisting and winding, and some functions are realized by repeated times.

Extended data:

Development history of spinning technology

1, hand twist

Most natural fibers, such as wool and cotton, are only a few inches long, so they must be twisted into yarns before weaving. The earliest people who adopted this method may be the residents who lived in Mia Zagro mountain area in Mesopotamia around 9000 BC, because they were the first people to tame sheep.

At this time, the original wool yarn can be produced by twisting with both hands. Later, flax and cotton fibers were also used to make yarns, which made the varieties of fabrics more abundant.

2. Hand-spun rods and spindles

From about 7000 BC, people began to spin with burning rods and spindles. The spinner holds a twisting rod filled with fibers in one hand, and pulls the fibers into loose yarn with the other hand, which is wound in the groove at the top of another rod or spindle.

The bottom of the spindle is weighted and fixed with a flat stone or spindle. The spinning machine rotates the spindle like a top, and the spindle tightens the loose yarn into yarn, and then winds the yarn on the spindle. This method has been used for thousands of years, and the quality of some yarns produced is quite good.

3. spinning wheel

The appearance of spinning wheel has a great influence on spinning technology. It is generally believed that the spinning wheel originated in China and evolved from the silk reeling machine. The origin of the European spinning wheel is not clear. They appeared relatively late, and the earliest recorded spinning wheel was around14th century.

/kloc-In the 5th century, an improved spinning wheel appeared in Saxony (now part of East Germany). Fuel rod is installed on the machine, and the wheels are controlled by pedals. This machine can be wound while spinning, so that the spinner can free his hands and reduce the labor force.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-spinning