The gathering areas, customs and folklore of the Manchus! Be extraordinarily detailed and no nonsense!

The population is over 10 million, with more than half living in Liaoning Province. Nowadays, the Manchurians are mainly located in (1) Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China, (2) Beijing and the neighboring Hebei province, (the Qing Dynasty stipulated that the inner city of Beijing would be inhabited by the eight banners under separate banners), and (3) certain important cities within the Great Wall, which were basically strategic places where the eight banners were stationed during the Qing Dynasty.

Historical Distribution

According to the statistics of the Qing Dynasty, the cities with more than 1,000 soldiers of the Eight Banners in 1760, except for the Northeast and the area near Beijing, were Jingzhou (5,535), Jiangning (4,126), Xi'an (3,970), Guangzhou (3,906), Zhenjiang (3,521), Ningxia (3,509), Suiyuan City (2,802), Fuzhou (2,581), Chengdu (2,341), Hangzhou (2,232), Zhapu (belonging to Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, 2,037), Qingzhou (1,807) and Liangzhou (1,105).

Daily Food Customs:

Manchu folk eat three meals a day when they are busy, and two meals a day when they are idle. The staple food is mostly millet and sorghum rice, round-grained rice, dry rice, like in the rice with small beans or poa beans, such as sorghum rice beans dry rice. Some areas to corn as the main food, like to ferment cornmeal made into "sour soup". Most areas in the northeast of the Manchu people still have the habit of eating water rice, that is, in the good sorghum rice or corn (rice + Cha) after the rice with water over again, and then into the water soak, eat, fish out, served in a bowl, cool and delicious. This way of eating more in the summer. Biscuits are made of sticky sorghum, sticky corn, yellow rice and other ground into the surface of the production of biscuits, biscuits with bean noodles, rubbing biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits and cakes, biscuits and boiled (dumplings in Chinese), and so on. Manchu biscuits have a long history, the Qing Dynasty that became a staple food of the Palace. One of the most representative of the imperial meal "chestnut flour nest", also known as small nest. Manchu confectionery Saqi Ma has also become a nationally renowned pastry. The more famous Qingdongling pastry, also known as Qingdongling large meat and potatoes, Beijing snacks Dun meat and potatoes, Hebei Chengde snacks crispy meat and potatoes, Hubei Jingzhou snack lard meat and potatoes and so on.

Northern winter weather is cold, there is no fresh vegetables, Manchu folk often pickled cabbage in the fall and winter (i.e., sauerkraut) as the main vegetables. It is rumored that the method of storing vegetables in pickles began during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Sauerkraut boiled white meat, vermicelli is a common dish after the winter of the Manchu people. Sauerkraut can be boiled, stewed, stir-fried and mixed with cold methods of consumption, with sauerkraut under the hot pot is unique. Side dishes can also be used to make dumplings. The Manchus in the northeast region, each family pickled sauerkraut can generally eat until the next spring. In addition, there are daily vegetables such as radish and bean curd. The Manchu people love to eat pork, which is often cooked in white. The Najiakuan in Shenyang, Liaoning province, is a Manchu restaurant with a history of more than 100 years, which carries white meat and blood sausage, which is regarded as an authentic Manchu flavor.

There are many Manchu eating customs and dietary rituals. Such as rituals used God cake, God meat, passers-by can share, but generally can not be brought, after eating is not allowed to wipe their mouths; family dining, elders do not move chopsticks, the younger generation will never move chopsticks; New Year's Eve to kill the New Year's Eve pig, there are friends and relatives, neighbors are invited to eat with the custom of white meat and blood sausage.

Surname Manchu living scattered, there are representative of the typical food, mainly:

National food:

①White meat and blood sausage.

② hot pot (traditional Manchu flavor dishes)

③ sour soup sub 9 Liaoning Xiuyan Manchu typical food)

④ Qing Dongling pastry (also known as Qing Dongling big meat and potatoes. The earliest is the Qing Dynasty emperor to the East Mausoleum to worship ancestors to make offerings, so also known as the "sacrificial meat and potatoes". Do offerings with fruit filling thick pastry meat and potatoes, fish meat and potatoes, spoons meat and potatoes, chrysanthemum meat and potatoes, battered meat and potatoes, deep-fried Goryeo meat and potatoes, river rice cake, yellow rice cake, seven-star cake, egg cake, berries milk cake, mountain grape cake, mountain pear cake dozens of kinds of noodles. Passed into the folk made pastry, roughly divided into two kinds of meat and potatoes size. Large biscuits per catty eight pieces, commonly known as Qingdongling large eight pieces; small biscuits per catty sixteen pieces, commonly known as Qingdongling small eight pieces. The size of the meat and potatoes varieties are mainly master cake, muffin, rose cake, dragon and phoenix cake, hawthorn peach. (There is no filling of the seven stars point, eight cracked cake, walnut cake, to the mouth of the cake, etc.)

Traditional festivals:

Many festivals of the Manchu people are the same as the Han Chinese. The main Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2nd, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Festivals are generally held during the "pearl ball", jumping horses, jumping camels and skating and other traditional sports activities.

On New Year's Day, pigs are killed, and on New Year's Day (Spring Festival), each family kills two to three pigs. On the eighth day of the Lunar New Year (Laha Festival), eight kinds of grains, such as sticky sorghum and small beans, are used to cook congee, which is called Laha congee. New Year's Eve to eat dumplings, put a white thread in a dumpling, who ate the white thread means who can live a long life: some also put a copper coin in a dumpling, eat will mean that there is money to spend in the new year. In addition, they also eat hand-held meat and the unique snack "Saqima".

The Gold Festival is the day of the Manchu "clan celebration". 1635 summer October 13, Huang taiji issued a decree, officially changed the clan name "female" for "Manchuria", which marked the beginning of a new ethnic ****. marked the formation of a new national ****similarity.

October 1989, in Dandong, "the first symposium on Manchu culture", the official December 3 every year as the "Gold Festival".

Presentation of gold festival: is the Manchu "clan celebration" day. 1635 lunar October 13, Huang taiji issued a decree, formally changed the name of the clan "female" for "Manchuria". This marks the formation of a new national **** the same body. in October 1989, in Dandong, "the first symposium on Manchu culture", the official December 3 every year as "gold festival".

Shangyuan Festival: that is, on the 15th day of the first month, commonly known as the "Lantern Festival". The same as the Han Chinese, the Manchu also have the Lantern Festival hanging colored lanterns and eat Lanterns custom.

Walking disease: Manchu women's festival. Generally on the sixteenth day of the first month. That night, the women in groups of three to five, accompanied by the far continent, or walking sand and ice, or playful and playful, called the "walk a hundred diseases".

February 2: commonly known as "dragon head-raising day". On the morning of that day, the Manchu family to the stove ash scattered in the yard, ash path curved like a dragon, so called "lead the dragon". Then held a ceremony in the courtyard, praying for good weather. The whole family also eat "dragon beard noodles" and "dragon scale cake". Women are not allowed to do needlework on this day.

Ching Ming Festival: the graves of ancestors, unlike the Han Chinese paper money after the top of the grave on the pressure of money, but in the grave inserted "Buddha Duo". "Fodor's" is a Manchu word, translated into Chinese as "willow" or "willow branches". According to Manchu beliefs, the willow is the ancestor of people, people are the descendants of the willow, in order to show that there are people, to insert the willow on the grave.

Duanwu Festival: Manchu Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings, rowing dragon boats, the same customs with the Han.

Midwinter Festival: Manchu July 15 for the Midwinter Festival, also regarded as the "ghost festival" of the dead. On that occasion, all the monasteries set up a dojo, burning lamps and chanting sutras, to hold a variety of superlative ceremonies.

Mid-Autumn Festival: The Manchu family ate "reunion rice" during the Mid-Autumn Festival. In addition, when the moon rises, but also for the moon. That is, in the courtyard of the west side to the east of a wooden screen, screen hanging on the cockle flower, bean branches, fresh lotus root, etc., for the moon rabbit. Before the screen set up a table, the table for a large moon cake. At the time of the sacrifice, burning incense and kowtowing, women worship first, men worship later.

La Bao Festival: Manchu families on the eighth day of the first month of the lunar calendar to soak "La Bao vinegar" and cook "La Bao meat". In addition to the family to eat but also to send friends and relatives.

Small year: the custom of the small year of the Manchu and the Han Chinese. The twenty-third day of the waxing moon for the "small year". At that time, the household Manchurian many festivals are the same as the Han. The main Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The festival is generally held during the "pearl ball", jumping horse, jumping camel and ice skating and other traditional sports activities.

Zhujin Festival: is the Manchu "clan celebration" day. 1635 lunar October 13, Huang taiji issued a decree, officially changed the clan name "female true" for "Manchuria", which marks the formation of a new national **** the same body. 1989 October, in Dandong, "the first symposium of the Manchu culture", the official December 3 every year as "Zhujin Festival".

Shangyuan Festival: that is, on the 15th day of the first month, commonly known as the "Lantern Festival". The same as the Han Chinese, the Manchu also have the Lantern Festival hanging colored lanterns and eat Lanterns custom.

Walking disease: the Manchurian women's festival. Generally on the sixteenth day of the first month. That night, the women in groups of three or five, accompanied by the far continent, or walking sand and ice, or playful and lively, called the "walk a hundred diseases".

February 2: commonly known as "dragon head-raising day". On the morning of that day, the Manchurian family to the stove ash scattered in the yard, ash path curved like a dragon, so called "lead the dragon". Then held a ceremony in the courtyard, praying for good weather. The whole family will also eat "dragon beard noodles" and "dragon scale cake". Women are not allowed to do needlework on this day.

Midwinter Festival: The Manchurian people to July 15 for the Midwinter Festival, but also regarded as the "ghost festival" of the dead. On that occasion, all the monasteries set up a dojo, burning lamps and chanting scriptures, to hold a variety of superlative rituals.

Kaisan Festival: the Manchurian people in the fall of each year after the mid-autumn, or in mid-September of the lunar calendar (the exact time is not certain) for the collection of herbs to obtain a bumper harvest of blessed activities. In the past, the Manchurian villages in the Northeast every year to face the Changbai Mountain, blessing prayer, thank the mountain gods to give the rich gift of medicine pickers, and then this period of ginseng to be enshrined in their own shrines.

The Lahai Festival: Manchurian families on the eighth day of the Lunar New Year to soak "Lahai vinegar" and cook "Lahai meat". In addition to the family to eat but also to send friends and relatives.

Small year: Manchurian small year's custom and the same as the Han. The twenty-third day of the waxing moon for the "small year". At that time, every family should worship the God of the stove, commonly known as "send Zao Wang Wang".

Manzhou: Hanging the flag for the New Year

The Manchurian people are divided into four flags: red, yellow, blue and white. Spring Festival, the red flag people in the door posted red hanging flag, yellow flag people in the door posted yellow hanging flag, blue flag people in the door posted blue hanging flag, white flag people in the door posted white hanging flag. These hanging flags are beautifully patterned and colorful, symbolizing an auspicious start to the year.

Population and distribution to worship the god of the stove, commonly known as "send the stove king".

Population and distribution