Advantages and problems of drip irrigation technology. Is there a world?

1. Save water, fertilizer and labor.

Drip irrigation belongs to whole pipeline water delivery and local micro-irrigation, which minimizes water leakage and loss. At the same time, because the water needed by the root zone of crops can be supplied in time, there is no loss of peripheral water, and the water use efficiency is greatly improved. Irrigation can be conveniently combined with fertilization, that is, the fertilizer is dissolved and poured into the irrigation system. Because of the combination of fertilizer and irrigation water phase, fertilizer nutrients are directly and evenly applied to the root layer of crops, which truly realizes the synchronization of water and fertilizer and greatly improves the effective utilization rate of fertilizer. At the same time, due to small-scale local control and micro-irrigation, water and fertilizer leakage is less, so the application amount of fertilizer can be saved and pollution can be reduced. The application of irrigation and fertilization technology provides convenience for crops to supplement expensive trace elements in time, and can avoid waste. The drip irrigation system is only controlled manually or automatically by valves, combined with fertilization, which can obviously save labor input and reduce production costs.

2. Control temperature and humidity

The traditional furrow irrigation greenhouse has a large amount of irrigation at one time, and the surface remains wet for a long time. Not only does the greenhouse temperature and ground temperature drop too fast, but it also rises slowly, the evaporation increases, and the indoor humidity is too high, which is easy to cause diseases and pests of vegetables or flowers. Because drip irrigation belongs to local micro-irrigation, most of the soil surface remains dry, and the emitter supplies water to the root soil layer evenly and slowly, which has obvious effects on maintaining and raising the ground temperature, reducing water evaporation and reducing indoor humidity. Drip irrigation under the film, that is, setting drip irrigation pipe (belt) under the film, has better effect. In addition, drip irrigation can implement high-frequency irrigation because of its convenient operation, small outflow hole, slow flow rate, long irrigation time and small change range of soil moisture, so it can control the root zone soil to keep close to the humidity most suitable for the growth of vegetables, flowers and so on for a long time. Because the indoor air humidity and soil humidity are controlled, the occurrence of pests and diseases can be obviously reduced, and then the dosage of pesticides can be reduced.

3. Maintain soil structure

Under the action of traditional furrow irrigation with a large amount of irrigation water, the protected soil is more eroded, compacted and eroded. If the soil is not ploughed in time, it will lead to serious soil hardening, decreased air permeability and damaged soil structure to a certain extent. Drip irrigation is micro-irrigation, and water slowly and evenly penetrates into the soil, which can maintain the soil structure and form a suitable soil water, fertilizer and thermal environment.

4. Improve quality, increase output and improve efficiency.

Because the application of drip irrigation reduces the consumption of water, fertilizer and pesticides and the occurrence of pests and diseases, it can obviously improve the quality of products.

In a word, compared with traditional irrigation methods, drip irrigation can greatly improve the product yield, advance the time to market, reduce the cost of water, fertilizer, medicine and labor, and achieve remarkable economic and social benefits. Drip irrigation technology in protected gardening meets the requirements of modern agriculture with high yield, high efficiency and high quality, which is also the fundamental reason for its existence and vigorous promotion.

Second, shortcomings.

1. Easy to cause congestion.

The blockage of emitter is the most important problem in drip irrigation application at present. In severe cases, the whole system will not work normally or even be scrapped. The cause of blockage may be physical, biological or chemical factors. Such as sediments in water, organic substances or microorganisms, and chemical sediments. Therefore, drip irrigation has strict requirements on water quality, which generally requires filtration, precipitation and chemical treatment when necessary.

2. It may cause salt accumulation.

In the soil with high salt content or drip irrigation with salt water, salt will accumulate at the edge of wet area. If there is light rain, these salts may be washed to the root zone of crops, causing salt damage. At this time, drip irrigation should continue. In places with insufficient irrigation or insufficient autumn rainfall, do not drip irrigation on soil with high salt content or drip irrigation with salt water.

3. It may restrict the development of root system.

Because drip irrigation only moistens a part of the soil, and the roots of crops have hydrotropism, it will cause the roots of crops to grow in the moist area. In addition, in areas where there is no agriculture without irrigation, such as arid areas in northwest China, emitters should be arranged correctly when drip irrigation is applied.