Advantages and disadvantages of automobile engine forms.

1, in-line engine, all cylinders are arranged side by side at the same angle in a plane. Its advantages are that the cylinder block and crankshaft are very simple in structure, and the cylinder head is used, so the manufacturing cost is low and the size is compact. In-line engine has high stability, good low-speed torque characteristics and low fuel consumption, but it has the disadvantage of low power and is not suitable for engines with more than 6 cylinders.

2.V-type engine, all cylinders are divided into two groups, and adjacent cylinders are arranged together at a certain included angle, so that the two groups of cylinders form a plane with an included angle. When viewed from the side, the cylinders are V-shaped, so it is called V-type engine. V-type engine is small in height and length, which is convenient to be arranged on the car.

The disadvantage of V-type engine is that it must use two cylinder heads, which is complicated in structure and high in cost. In addition, after its width is increased, the space on both sides of the engine is small, and it is not easy to arrange other equipment.

3.w engine. When the cylinders on each side of a V-shaped engine are staggered at a small angle, the V-shaped engine is a W-shaped engine. In other words, the cylinder arrangement of W-type engine consists of two small V-shapes to form a big V-shape. Strictly speaking, the W engine should also be a variant of the V engine.

The biggest problem of W engine is that the engine is divided into two parts from a whole, which will inevitably produce great vibration when running. In order to solve this problem, Volkswagen designed two counter-rotating balance shafts on the W engine, so that the vibration of the two parts can cancel each other internally.

4. horizontally opposed engine, if the inline engine is regarded as a V-type engine with an included angle of 0 degrees, when the included angle of two rows of cylinders is expanded to 180 degrees and the cylinders are arranged horizontally, it is horizontally opposed engine. Horizontally opposed engine's greatest advantage is its low center of gravity.

Because its cylinder is "flat", it lowers the center of gravity of the car, and at the same time, it can make the front of the car design flat and low. These factors can enhance the driving stability of the car. In addition, the layout of horizontally opposed cylinders is a symmetrical and stable structure, which makes the running smoothness of the engine better than that of the V-type engine, and the power loss during operation is minimal.

5. Rotor engine: The traditional engine drives the car forward through the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder. The engine and the cylinder itself are relatively static, while the rotor engine is a triangular piston rotor engine, which uses the rotating motion of the triangular rotor to control compression and emission.

The advantages of rotary engine are obvious. It is small in size, light in weight, high in power and extremely low in vibration and noise. However, due to the complexity of rotor technology, its manufacturing cost is extremely high and its durability is lower than that of traditional engines.

Extended data

According to the fuel used, automobile engines can be divided into gasoline engines and diesel engines. Compared with diesel oil, gasoline has a lower boiling point and is easy to vaporize. The gasoline engine compresses the cylinder, vaporizes the inhaled gasoline and mixes it with the air in the cylinder to form a combustible mixture. Finally, the spark plug discharges to ignite gas to push the cylinder piston to do work.

Diesel is characterized by low spontaneous combustion temperature, so diesel engines do not need ignition devices such as spark plugs. It uses compressed air to raise the air temperature, so that the air temperature exceeds the diesel spontaneous combustion test. At this time, diesel, diesel spray and air are simultaneously injected and ignited.

Generally speaking, compared with two kinds of engines, gasoline engines need to control the injection quantity, injection time and ignition time of gasoline very accurately, so the structure is often more complex and precise than that of diesel engines, and the cylinder pressure of diesel engines is greater than that of gasoline engines, so the structural strength and stiffness of materials are required higher.

In terms of performance, the advantages of gasoline engine are high maximum power and speed, quiet and stable operation and low emission, while the advantages of diesel engine are high combustion efficiency, low fuel consumption, low-speed torque and maximum torque far exceeding those of gasoline engine.

Reflected in the driving experience, people will find that diesel vehicles start very fast on mountain roads and ramps, and have full stamina, and then they are not the same as gasoline engines in the middle and late stages of acceleration and maximum speed.