Changjiang culture

Yangtze River culture is an important branch of Yanhuang culture. Yanhuang culture has developed and prospered in 9.6 million square kilometers of East Asia, which was jointly created by the people of all ethnic groups in China with the Han nationality as the main body. Yangtze River culture has the characteristics of China culture and China regional culture. Studying and carrying forward the Yangtze River culture is not only the excavation and deepening of the research on Yanhuang culture; In today's tide of reform and opening up, we should also carry forward the advantages of the Yangtze River basin and Shanghai, and do a good job of cultural guidance for Shanghai's positioning of "One Belt, Three Centers".

1. The center of rice civilization in the world. Rice cultivation in the Yangtze River basin was first discovered at Pengtoushan site in Lixian county, about 9000 years ago. This is not the beginning of rice cultivation in prehistoric times in China. Rice and millet farming in the Yangtze River valley, South China and Yellow River valley are two major agricultural systems in prehistoric China. At present, the total rice planting area in China is 500 million mu, accounting for 1/3 of the total grain crop area in China, and the output accounts for 43.8% of the total grain output in China. It is the country with the largest rice yield in the world, accounting for more than 1/3 of the world's total grain output. It can be seen that the cultivation and development of rice by prehistoric humans in the Yangtze River basin still plays an important role in the national economy and people's livelihood until now.

Second, the origin of the world silk industry. China is recognized as the birthplace of silk. As to where it originated, there are still different opinions in academic circles. Some people think that it originated in the Yellow River basin, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. There are records of mulberry planting and sericulture in early literature. 1926 The discovery of half a cocoon at Yangshao Cultural Site in Yin Xi Village, Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province is evidence, and some people have questioned the age of this cocoon.

Thirdly, the appearance of ramie fabric is a great breakthrough for people to transform nature. The real ramie fabric found in archaeological materials is three pieces of ramie cloth and ramie rope found in Liangzhu cultural site in Qian Shan. Ramie fabric is plain weave fabric, with warp yarn of 243 1 and weft yarn of 1620 per square centimeter. It can be seen that the spinning technology is quite superb, and such fine ramie fabric can be woven.

People in prehistoric times in the Yangtze River valley used ramie fiber to spin, and the utilization of other plant fibers was a great victory in the process of prehistoric human understanding and transforming nature, and an important step towards civilization, just like silk.

Ganlan architecture and stone spears are masterpieces handed down in the history of human civilization. Ganlan building is a kind of residential building with local characteristics in Jiangnan and China. The segmented stone hairpin is a manufacturing tool. They not only have different names, but also have different properties and functions. How are they related? It is precisely from the perspective of their influence on overseas relations that they are related to each other and can play a complementary role in mutual explanation, so as to try to discuss this aspect.

The utilization of raw lacquer is a great achievement of prehistoric civilization.

Lacquer tree originated in China, and it is a famous specialty. The utilization of lacquer trees is a great achievement of prehistoric civilization. The cultivation and domestication of rice means that its rice can be used as food; Silk is the domestication of insects; Ramie is planted by using its fiber; Lacquer tree is the lacquer liquid for cutting it. It can be recognized that the sap of Rhus verniciflua is an important scientific and technological material, and it is a major breakthrough for prehistoric people to understand and utilize nature. The earliest breakthrough was a wooden lacquer bowl found on the third floor of Hemudu site in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, about 6500 years ago.

The wooden painted bowl on the third floor of Hemudu site is coated with a thin layer of red paint on the outside of the bowl wall. During the period of Majiabang culture, two trumpet-shaped wood lacquerware were found at its pier site. In the Songze culture period, lacquerware was applied to pottery, and lacquered pottery appeared. This kind of lacquer pottery continued until the Liangzhu culture period. For example, there are many pieces of lacquer pottery in Meiyan, Wujiang, Qingyang South Building, Jiangyin and other places, and red lacquer remains are found on the coffin plate of No.3 tomb of Shuitianfan site in Hangzhou. It can be seen that lacquerware was widely used in Liangzhu culture period.

Lacquer tree is a traditional handicraft industry in China with a history of six or seven thousand years. It spread to many Asian countries such as Japan in prehistoric times and later became a unique handicraft industry.

Six, jade is an important foundation for the formation of Chinese civilization.

The Chinese nation is a nation that loves jade. In China ancient literature, the word jade was praised and further moralized and personalized.

In ancient China, jade was considered auspicious, and bronze ritual vessels were also considered auspicious. The most obvious is that "Hanwu is famous for its tripod". That is to say, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got the bronze sacrificial vessel tripod, which is considered as a good thing. He changed the original "Marshal" to "Ding Yuan". This kind of ideology only existed in the upper class at that time, and then gradually faded, while jade was different. Until modern times, people still generally love jade and have special thoughts and feelings for it. This kind of thoughts and feelings has a long history. Jade articles found in Fuxin Chahai site, Xinglongwa site in Inner Mongolia, Hemudu site in Yuyao, Majiabang culture in Taihu Lake area and Ying Ying culture in Beiyin in Ningzhen area. Most of them are different from other utensils in production and modeling, which shows that they have unique functions.

From the above analysis, we can see that the Yangtze River culture in prehistoric times was brilliant and developed vigorously, which made outstanding contributions to the emergence and development of Chinese civilization and promoted the development of civilization in overseas regions sooner or later. Especially, silk, silk and its contribution are still concerned by people and become an important topic in the study of Sino-Western relations. Its origin cannot be traced back to the Yangtze River culture.