Complete collection of knitting details

The process of knitting all kinds of raw materials and yarns into loops with knitting needles, and then connecting them into knitted fabrics through threading. Knitted fabric has soft texture, good wrinkle resistance and air permeability, high extensibility and elasticity, and is comfortable to wear. Knitted products can be used not only for clothing and decoration, but also for industry, agriculture, medical care and national defense. Knitting is divided into hand knitting and machine knitting. Handmade knitting needles have a long history, exquisite skills and flexible patterns, which have been widely spread and developed among the people.

Basic introduction Chinese name: knitting overview: knitting raw materials and yarn varieties with knitting needles Production base: national technological characteristics: knitting production can be divided into weft knitting and warp knitting. Knitted fabrics are washed and protected vertically and horizontally: never wringing, and the production base avoids wrinkling, technological characteristics, knitting technology, historical development, knitting methods, warp knitting, weft knitting, washing and protection, production, information, industrial clusters, bases, knitting production bases, development trends, and production bases are in Tongxiang, Zhejiang, Puyuan, Hangzhou, Da Lang, Zhejiang, Qinghe, Jimo, Hebei, Qingdao and other places. Process characteristics According to different process characteristics, knitting production can be divided into weft knitting and warp knitting. In weft knitting production, raw materials can be produced directly on the machine after winding. Each yarn is padded on each needle of the weft knitting machine in turn along the weft direction to form a weft knitted fabric. In warp knitting production, raw materials are wound and warping, yarns are arranged in parallel and wound into warp beams, and then they are produced on the machine. The yarns are unwound from the warp beam, and each yarn is placed on one or at most two needles of the warp knitting machine in the longitudinal direction to form a warp knitted fabric. On some knitting machines, there are also methods of combining weft knitting with warp knitting. At this time, two groups of yarns are arranged on the knitting machine, one group is padded according to the warp knitting method, the other group is padded according to the weft knitting method, and the needles make the two groups of yarns form loops together to form a knitted fabric. The loops formed by the same yarn are arranged in the weft direction in the weft knitted fabric and in the warp knitted fabric. Knitted Clothing 20 10 China's macro-economy continues to pick up. With the gradual stabilization of domestic employment, the improvement of market confidence and the continuous improvement of residents' living standards, the market demand for clothing consumer goods will maintain steady growth. At the same time, the national plan to expand domestic demand continued to advance. In order to further improve people's livelihood, the state will continue to increase its investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the construction of affordable housing and the promotion of automobile consumption, which will provide a broader market space for household textiles and industrial textiles. Knitting industry is an important part of textile industry. In 2008, the proportion of knitted garments in China has exceeded 50%, which is close to 65% in developed countries. 20 10,1-65438+February, the knitting industry produced a total of1641700 million pieces, up 18.38% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 8.39% higher than that of the whole year of 2009. From 2005 to 20 10, the sales revenue of the industry market continued to grow, from 200.892 billion yuan in 2005 to 409.737 billion yuan in 20 10, with a year-on-year growth rate of 8%-52%, and the highest was 51.14. With the increase of urban and rural residents' income and consumers' demand for clothing and clothing taste, the acceleration of population urbanization and the drive of science and technology will bring opportunities for the development of knitting industry, making domestic sales more and more important to the growth of knitting industry. In addition, the further development of ASEAN market and the cultivation of new international markets will promote the development of 20 1 1 knitting industry. Because the knitting industry is highly dependent on labor, China has obvious advantages in low wage cost. Coupled with China's huge market share and mature technical support, most of the global knitting industry will be concentrated in China in the future. With the continuous introduction of overseas advanced technology, the knitting industry is accelerating industrial upgrading and forming a regional knitting base. Generally speaking, the knitting industry has a good development prospect. In the process of knitting, the yarn forms a loop, and after longitudinal stringing and transverse connection, it becomes a knitted fabric. So knitting is the basic process of knitting. The looping process can be divided into the following stages in sequence: unwinding-moving the newly formed loop (called the old loop) from the hook to the needle bar; Pad yarn-feed the yarn into the knitting needle; Bend the yarn-bend the yarn into a loop; With yarn-move the yarn or newly bent loop on the new pad into the needle hook; Closed mouth-close the needle mouth of the knitting needle; With the needle mouth closed, wrap the old thread around the needle hook; Loop connection-new yarn or new loop meets old loop inside and outside the hook; Out of the loop-take the old loop off the hook and put on a new loop; Looping-make the yarn form a closed new loop with a specific size; Pull the new coil away from the looping area. This new coil will become an old coil in the next winding cycle. There are two kinds of knitting technology and knitting technology. In the process of knitting, all stages of knitting are carried out in the above order. In the knitting process, the yarn bending starts from the opening and goes on at the same time as the knitting stage. On some knitting machines, each knitting needle completes the knitting process in turn; There are also some knitting machines, in which the knitting process is carried out simultaneously with each needle in a row. Historical Development 1589 The first hand-cranked knitting machine was invented by British priest Li Hao. 65438+ With the invention of electric motor in 1970s, hand knitting machine was replaced by high-speed electric knitting machine. Warp-knitted fabrics in which multiple yarns loop in the longitudinal direction (warp direction) of the fabric surface at the same time cannot be woven by hand. Warp-knitted fabrics are divided into two categories: one is Raschel fabric, which is mainly characterized by large pattern, rough cloth surface and many holes, and is mainly used as decorative fabric; Secondly, warp-knitted fabrics have fine surface, few colors and high yield, which are mainly used for covering fabrics and printed fabrics. This kind of fabric is mostly used for chemical fiber filaments, otherwise the production efficiency is extremely low. Weft-knitted fabrics with one or more yarns in the horizontal direction (weft direction) can be formed with at least one yarn, but in order to improve production efficiency, they are generally knitted with multiple yarns; Warp-knitted fabrics cannot be formed by one yarn, and one yarn can only form a chain consisting of one loop. All weft-knitted fabrics can be broken into threads against the weaving direction, while warp-knitted fabrics cannot. Washing, maintenance and washing 1, all kinds of detergents can be used, which can be washed by hand and machine, but not by chlorine bleaching. 2. White clothes can be washed with strong alkaline detergent at high temperature to play a bleaching role. 3, fabric soaking time should not be too long, so as to avoid fabric fading. 4, should be dry in the shade, avoid exposure, so as to avoid dark clothes fade, when dried in the sun, the inside will be outward. 5. Be sure to wash it separately from other clothes, not together. 6. Never wring it out to avoid wrinkling. Maintenance 1, underwear should not be soaked in hot water to avoid yellow sweat spots. 2, pay attention to ventilation, to avoid the fabric be affected with damp, so as to avoid the fabric mildew. 3, wash and dry, dark and light colors are separated, it is best not to put them together, put mothballs to avoid insects. 4, avoid long exposure, so as not to reduce the fastness and cause fading and yellowing, especially the sun exposure. Production can be made into all kinds of grey cloth, cut and sewn into all kinds of knitwear, or directly woven into products on the machine to make fully or partially formed products. Using molding technology can save raw materials, simplify or cancel cutting and sewing processes, and improve the wear resistance of products. Knitting production has developed rapidly because of its short technological process, strong adaptability of raw materials, rapid variety change, wide application range of products, low noise and low energy consumption. Since 1970s, the productivity of knitting machines has been greatly improved. For example, the circular weft knitting machine (tongue needle) can knit about 3000 rows of coils per minute, and the width of the warp knitting machine is mostly 427 cm, with a maximum of 2000 rows of coils per minute. The maximum rotation speed of single-cylinder circular hosiery machine can reach 65438 0000 revolutions per minute. Using electronic technology to control the work of knitting machine improves the efficiency of the machine. Installing various forward yarn feeding devices on the machine can improve the product quality. Some mechanisms can be added to the machine to knit knitted fabrics with various structures and different uses: for example, the needle selection mechanism is used to make the needles work according to the preset program to knit jacquard knitted fabrics; Feeding loose fibers into knitting needles by a carding mechanism to knit plush knitted fabrics; Warp-inserted and weft-inserted knitted fabrics are knitted by warp-inserted and weft-inserted devices. There are more than 350 kinds of knitting machines. With the development of new chemical fiber varieties and finishing technology, the abrasion resistance, non-ironing resistance and wear resistance of knitted fabrics have been improved. The application of finishing techniques such as napping, sanding, shearing, embossing and pleating has expanded the variety of knitwear. Knitting technology has been extended to other textile production. For example, the knitting loop method is applied to the loom, and the weft yarns are inserted in sections, and each section of weft yarns is connected by loops instead of the traditional picking action, thus improving the weaving speed. This is a knitting machine combining weaving and weaving. China Knitting Industry's Strategy of Entering the International Market In the international market, the export volume of middle and low-grade knitwear in China has been increasing with the competitive advantage of high quality and low price, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%, forming several major export regions represented by China, Hongkong, Japan, the European Union and the United States. However, in terms of import and export, the knitting industry is also facing the problems of international trade friction and the pressure of RMB appreciation. At the same time, in the international market, China knitwear mainly enters the international market in the form of sample processing and OEM production, and the export products are of low grade, which makes it difficult for China knitwear to obtain high added value. In order to further accelerate the development of China knitting industry in the international market, we must take a diversified development path, increase investment in scientific research, speed up industrial upgrading, intensify the adjustment of product structure, and strike hard at brand, quality and characteristics. In 2004 and 2005, Gurao Town, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, an industrial agglomeration base, was named as "Famous Town of Knitted Underwear in China" by China Textile Industry Association and China Knitting Industry Association. In 2006, the output value of knitted underwear industry in this town was 3.85 billion yuan. In the first half of 2007, the town achieved an industrial output value of 2.458 billion yuan, up 65.438+07% year-on-year, and became a professional town for knitting underwear production. There are more than 0/000 households engaged in the production and operation of knitted underwear in the town, including 396 enterprises (60 enterprises above designated size, 2 enterprises with annual output exceeding 100 million yuan) and more than 600 family workshops. Gurao town knitting underwear enterprise mainly produces 10 series bras, underwear, * * *, swimsuits, embroidery, knitted fabrics and warp-knitted products. In 2006, the town produced 60 million dozen bras, 0/420,000 underwear and 0/90,000 underwear, and 204 million meters of knitted fabrics, warp-knitted fabrics, lace and embroidery. Xiangshan, Ningbo, Zhejiang is known as "the famous knitting city of China" and is the largest international knitting clothing production base in China. The knitwear 10% made in China is produced in Xiangshan, and there are more than 1000 knitwear manufacturers with an output value of tens of billions of yuan. At present, 10 enterprises have entered the top 50 knitting enterprises in China, and more than 30 internationally renowned brands have been designated to process in Xiangshan. Julie, the knitting industry in Julie Town, Shaoxing County, Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang Province originated in the early 1990s. With the first-Mover advantage, the number of circular knitting machines has rapidly increased from five or six to 646, with more than 3,900 employees and 24 large enterprises with sales income exceeding 5 million yuan. In 2006, the output value was 2 billion yuan, forming four professional villages: Zhong Yi, Dongqiao, Tai Po and Julie. Industrial clusters mainly produce knitted fabrics, as well as knitted garments, cultural shirts, T-shirts and other knitted products. The town has more than 2,500 sets of various knitting equipment, including circular knitting machines 1800 sets, more than 200 computerized embroidery machines, and more than 80 other printing machines and setting machines. The knitting industrial park still under construction has expanded from 280,000 square meters in 2002 to1150,000 square meters. Yiwu, Zhejiang, a famous knitting city in China, has the second largest production scale in the world. Yiwu has eight kinds of knitwear production and processing capacity, including more than 500 hosiery enterprises 10, 350 underwear enterprises, 230 zipper enterprises, 400 lace enterprises10 and ribbon enterprises. The production scale ranks first in China, and its hosiery industry and zipper industry have become the advantages of Yiwu knitting industry respectively. Dongyang is the gathering place of knitted underwear production in China. Knitted underwear industry is a traditional advantage industry in Dongyang. At present, there are more than 1300 enterprises with more than 40,000 employees. After more than 20 years of development in Xinzhuang, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, the knitted garment industry in Xinzhuang Town has maintained steady development through adjustment, and has become an important knitted garment production base, product distribution center and sweater export center in China. There are 355 knitwear production enterprises in the town, including 62 large-scale enterprises, 62 and 28 with annual sales output exceeding 5 million yuan and 20 million yuan respectively, 2 with over 100 million yuan, and 3 16 individual industrial and commercial households. Together with the number of supporting enterprises, * * * accounts for nearly half of the total number of enterprises in the town. Zhutang Town, Jiangyin "China Famous Town of Knitted Clothing" The knitted clothing industry in Zhutang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province started in the 1980s, from relying on foreign trade companies to issuing orders for production, to enterprises' self-import and export, until the implementation of the park strategy, forming a relatively complete knitted clothing industry chain from spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing to clothing. There are more than 500 knitwear enterprises in the town, among which the annual sales income exceeds 50 million yuan 10. The town's knitwear enterprises earn more than 400 million dollars in foreign exchange through export, with an annual output of 654.38 billion pieces of various knitwear, and their products are exported to more than 60 countries and regions such as Europe, America and Japan. On February 29th, 2007, 65438+2007, Anyang was awarded the title of "China Famous Knitting and Clothing City". After decades of development, Anyang's textile and garment industry has formed a relatively complete textile industry system with wool spinning, yarn-dyed, printing and dyeing, knitted underwear, decorative fabrics, clothing, chemical fiber and other categories. There are more than 3,000 knitting and garment enterprises in the city, including more than 300 enterprises above designated size. The main products are T-shirts, underwear, knitted children's wear, women's wear and other thousands of varieties. In 2006, the total output of knitted garments in the city was 350 million pieces (sets), achieving a total industrial output value of 5.3 billion yuan, a sales income of 5.2 billion yuan and a foreign exchange earning of 86 million US dollars through export. Among them, Anyang Baizhuang knitted shirts and pants were famous all over the country in the 1980s, and the "Shield" brand elastic shirts and pants produced by Anyang Underwear Factory won the National Quality Gold Award. It is reported that Anyang has built six large-scale knitting and garment parks. With the gradient transfer of Qingshan industry in Nanchang, knitted garments have increasingly become the uplift zone of industrial economy in Qingshan Lake area. It is reported that there are more than 90 knitting and garment enterprises above designated size in Qingshan Lake District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, accounting for half of Nanchang City and nearly 20% of the province. Employees 18482, sales income of 4.364 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 303 million yuan, accounting for 93.4% of Nanchang. We produced 265,438+0,646,5438+0,000 garments and 65,438+03,542 tons of yarn. In 2006, Qingshan Lake District was awarded the title of "Jiangxi Knitting and Clothing Base". Qingshan Lake District has formed an industrial cluster with the eastern industrial zone, private science and technology park, Hufang industrial park and other industrial parks as carriers, supported by small and medium-sized enterprises, and featuring textile products and professional clothing production. Wuhan, Hubei According to reports, there are more than 0/00 knitting enterprises in Wuhan, plus more than 300 garment enterprises and supporting enterprises involved in the knitting industry, of which Aidi, Kartman and Yiling account for half, with an output value of about 3 billion yuan. At the same time, Wuhan has two "China famous brands", Aidi and Catman, and there are textile and garment industrial clusters around Wuhan. The total output value of the textile and garment industry in Wuhan City Circle exceeds 30 billion yuan, accounting for more than 15% of the textile and garment industry in Central China. Integrating resources, Wuhan knitting industry is expected to develop greatly. It is reported that more than 40 enterprises want to jointly build Wuhan billion knitting industrial base, or form an enterprise group to go public as a whole. Puyuan in Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province is the birthplace of Pusi and one of the five famous towns in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has a long history, outstanding people and a long textile tradition. After nearly 30 years of development, Puyuan has formed a complete market system, which can be said to be fully functional from wool yarn raw materials, knitting machinery, technology development, logistics testing, foreign trade services to human resources and supporting facilities. There are more than 5,000 sweater enterprises in Puyuan, which constitute a complete sweater industry chain. According to incomplete statistics, in 2007, the sales of finished sweaters in Puyuan alone reached more than 200,000 tons, and the turnover exceeded 20 billion yuan. Puyuan firmly occupies the position of the largest woolen sweater distribution center in China and the woolen sweater information center in China. Puyuan sweater market is a professional sweater market with the largest number of booths and the largest shipment in China. While doing a good job in selling goods, Puyuan Sweater Market strives to create the honorary titles of Sweater Culture, the largest sweater distribution center in China, the hometown of sweaters in China, the market town of China, the first city of sweaters in China, the big brand market in China and the top 100 industrial clusters in China, so as to add more added value to the brand. Knitting production bases include Puyuan in Tongxiang, Zhejiang, Hangzhou in Zhejiang, Da Lang in Guangdong, Qinghe in Hebei, Jimo in Qingdao, and Anyang in Henan has also become the largest knitting production base in northern Henan. Development trend In 2000, the knitting industry began to recover in an all-round way, rewriting the history of nine consecutive years of decline in industry benefits, while production, sales and profits maintained growth. Data show that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the annual growth rate of the knitting industry reached 22%, ranking first in the textile industry. The total export of knitted garments accounts for 50% of the total export of garments; The total output value of knitting industry has exceeded 10% of the total output value of textile industry, and knitting industry has become the fastest growing industry in the tenth five-year plan period. At the same time, in the export of knitted products, the export mode of knitting industry based on quantity is also changing quietly. As can be seen from the customs statistics, in 2006, China's knitted garment exports showed new changes, and the accumulated foreign exchange earned by knitted garment exports was $4,490./kloc-0. 0 billion, up by 45.44% year-on-year. The cumulative export of knitted garments 18 1.5 1 100 million pieces, up by 24.85% year-on-year. More interestingly, the growth rate of export value of knitted garments has been higher than the growth rate of quantity by 20.59 percentage points, and the average export unit price reached $ 2. 18, an increase of 19.8% over the previous year's $0/0.82. In 2006, the average export unit price of knitted garments increased by 10, the highest value in years. In 2007, the knitting and garment industry achieved another success: the cumulative output was 654.38+0.0722 billion pieces, up 654.38+05.68% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 4.5 percentage points higher than that of the same period last year. Among them, the development of knitted underwear industry can best reflect the development characteristics of knitting industry. In the research report of China retail market in 2006, underwear jumped to the top three in the growth of clothing industry at the rate of 16.7%. Whether it is ordinary underwear, body underwear, thermal underwear, household clothes, bras or knitted underwear, it is becoming a hot spot in China clothing market. According to the latest statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2007, Guangdong Province, Zhejiang Province and Shandong Province were the three major producers of knitted garments in China, accounting for 27.77%, 19.98% and 19.62% of the national total output respectively, and Jiangsu Province ranked fourth, accounting for 1650. In terms of growth rate, the output of Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and other provinces increased rapidly in 2007, with year-on-year increases of 22.80%, 40. 13% and 33.0 1% respectively, while the output of Shanghai decreased slightly, with 1.6 1%. New Trend of Knitting Elastic Fiber Knitting Industry New Synthetic Fiber "benrs". Betron combines the characteristics of polyester, acrylic and nylon, which not only has the softness, resilience and antifouling of acrylic fiber, but also has the bulkiness, wrinkle resistance and corrosion resistance of polyester fiber. Also anti-pilling, outstanding performance. It can be dyed dark with disperse dyes under normal pressure and will become a strong competitor of polyester and nylon. In the field of knitting, Bertram has been described as "the elastic fiber of the future". Betron is so eye-catching because of its excellent performance. Betron combines the advantages of polyester, acrylic fiber and nylon, which not only has the softness, resilience and stain resistance of nylon, but also has the bulkiness of acrylic fiber and the wrinkle resistance and corrosion resistance of polyester fiber, and has outstanding pilling resistance, so it can be dyed with disperse dyes at normal pressure. As an ideal multi-purpose polymer, Betron fiber will become one of the most popular fiber varieties because of its excellent wearability. Betron not only maintains the excellent properties of synthetic fibers, but also meets the spinning requirements in strength. Blending it with cotton can give fabric softness and improve dimensional stability; Blending with viscose can improve the crease resistance of fabric. According to the analysis, the soft handle, beautiful drape, bright appearance and suitable elastic effect determine that this product can be widely used in the field of knitwear, including thermal underwear and sweaters. It has many excellent characteristics, can be used to produce all kinds of clothing: casual wear, sportswear, underwear and dresses, and is also very attractive in the fast-growing flexible market.