How to identify high imitation ancient paintings

Ancient painting and calligraphy appraisal using visual appraisal-based, visual appraisal and the combination of methods.

Visual appraisal

That is, relying on the connoisseur's ability to observe and recognize the works of calligraphy and painting to identify and evaluate, is the main way of identification of ancient paintings and calligraphy. Calligraphers and painters use the brush as a creative tool, not only use the brush to shape the image, but also in the brush strokes of their own emotions, interests and personality. Therefore, the appraiser does not only recognize the form of the work in the visual appraisal, but also perceives the meaning contained in the brush and ink. The examination of the painting and calligraphy itself is the main basis for the appraisal of paintings and calligraphy. It is embodied in the comprehensive judgment of the era style and personal style of the calligraphy and painting works. The era style and personal style of calligraphy and painting are objective. Such as landscape painting as an example: jin to tang before the landscape painting, technique only matter of coloring, don't see chapping, the image of trees and rocks is relatively childish. Tang Dynasty landscape paintings have seen the hook hacking, expressive enhancement, the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, a variety of chapping, carving means to further enrich the landscape painting at this time, the creation of deliberately real shape, using a panoramic composition, the pen is exquisite and rigorous. Southern Song dynasty landscape painting pay attention to the structure of the cut, penmanship deep and heavy, and the yuan dynasty with the rise of literati painting, works do not real shape for the purpose of the pen and ink techniques to adapt to this, tend to be loose, free and so on. Of course, the era of style change is not a brand new and different, the evolution of the connection and intertwined.

Analysis of style

The analytical understanding of style is based on the identification of the artistic characteristics of several major factors in painting and calligraphy as a specific content. Mr. Xu Bangda summarized the three main factors in eyecatching: brushwork, ink and color, structure and cutting. Among them, the characterization of brushwork as the core element of visual appraisal is the **** knowledge of contemporary connoisseurs. The basic tool for the creation of Chinese calligraphy and painting is the brush, and the ever-changing art styles of calligraphy and painting are formed by the calligraphers and painters with the brushes in their hands, using different combinations of visible dots and lines, color and ink, and structure. Among them, brushwork is the most basic visual form. Different calligraphers, due to the different ways of holding the brush, starting and ending the brush, the pressure of the brush, the speed of the brush and other factors, will inevitably have a different performance when the brush strikes the paper. Each calligrapher and painter through a long period of practice, have formed their own brushwork characteristics. In the pen in the hiding dew, staccato, rhythm, turn, speed, light and heavy, square and round way, and even the font connection, simplify the way on the way to show a customary penmanship characteristics. Moreover, after the gradual formation of the calligraphers' respective artistic styles, this customary brushwork naturally emerges and reappears in their works. The same calligrapher's brushwork in their calligraphy and painting will have **** the same performance. The strokes of different calligraphers and painters are only similar but not identical. Even the same type of brushwork has differences. Therefore, the imitator wants to be imitated in a short period of time will be copied after a long period of training and the formation of the penmanship forcibly into their own penmanship is very difficult. If you copy deliberately, you will lose the naturalness; if you are free and indulgent, you will easily reveal the characteristics of the copyist's own brushwork. It is even more difficult to get close to the copyist if the copyist and the person being copied have two completely opposite brushstrokes - heavy and smooth, or harsh and soft. Calligraphers and painters also have their own characteristics in the use of color and ink, as well as in the arrangement of structure (which is expressed in calligraphy as stylization and chaptering, and in painting as composition). In contrast, the characteristics of brushwork are more difficult to imitate. Calligrapher and painter brushwork of the Qing Jingdezhen kiln five-color dragon and phoenix pattern pen box each has its own characteristics, so that the difference between the works of different calligraphers and painters, to determine the authenticity of the possible.

The examination and verification

This refers to the use of literature and other information on the relevant content of the calligraphy and painting works to analyze and verify. It is an indispensable auxiliary means of identification of ancient paintings and calligraphy. The ancient calligraphy and painting works of the examination and verification broadly include the following: the use of calligraphy and painting history literature and recorded books on the book of the painter and artist artistic characteristics and specific works of the examination and verification; the use of textual knowledge of the word, the wrong word of the examination and verification; the use of knowledge of the history of literature on the calligraphy, the inscription in Chinese and style of the examination and verification; the use of knowledge of history on the designation, the painting of the dress, architecture, appliances, etc., examination and verification; the use of the book of the painter and calligraphy of the biographies and poems, letters and letters of the birth, death, origin and death of the artist and artist. The calligraphy and painter's birth and death, place of origin, the name of the examination and so on. For some of the works of earlier times, due to the small number of works, difficult to compare, the examination is more important. The combined use of visual identification and verification, multifaceted analysis and comprehensive analysis, will make the identification easier to meet the objective.