What are the forms of gardens?

Chinese classical garden has a long history, the art of gardening is far-reaching, as early as the period of the Friday King has built the activities of the Palace Court, her formation is mainly influenced by the thinking of the ruling class and the Buddhist Taoism, painting, poetry and art, such as in the Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties, the ruling class is fierce competition, the country is divided, coupled with the Taoist, Buddhist prevalence of the influence of the metaphysics, the scholarly, or the people want to enjoy themselves, or The scholar, or people want to enjoy themselves, or cleanliness, or travel to the landscape, leading to the formation of natural aesthetics, the characteristics of the garden is also characterized by the natural interest of the idyllic landscapes.

The construction of classical Chinese gardens, mainly on the basis of natural landscape, paved with artificial palaces, corridors, buildings, pavilions and other buildings, artificial means to emulate nature, which penetrates the humanistic ideas of different historical periods, extraordinary is the ideological realm of poetry, lyrics and paintings.

1.1 The essential features of classical Chinese gardens are reflected in the following aspects:

1.1.1 Landscape type of modeling mountains and water

The vernacular landscape type composed of natural resources such as terrain and geomorphology, hydrology and geology, and vernacular plants is the constituent element of the spatial main body of the classical Chinese gardens. The fine craftsmanship of native materials and the expression of the mood of the landscape are one of the main features of the traditional Chinese gardens. Classical Chinese gardens emphasize "although made by people, like from the sky", emphasize "from nature but higher than nature", and emphasize the familiarity and feelings of people on nature.

1.1.2 Ideal environment for human habitation

The pursuit of ideal human habitation environment, to create a healthy and comfortable, refreshing and pleasant microclimate conditions, due to the relatively poor living environment in ancient China, the Chinese classical garden landscape are very much focused on the improvement of the microclimate conditions, to create a more comfortable and pleasant environment, such as the layout of the landscape, the plant planting of the plants, the pavilions, etc., are constructed with light and shadow, airflow, temperature and other human comfort. The layout of landscape, planting, pavilion construction, etc., are all based on light and shadow, airflow, temperature and other factors affecting human comfort, forming an ideal environment for comfortable living.

1.1.3 Boundary of the visual field by borrowing

Not confined to the courtyard, expanding the visual boundary of the space by borrowing landscape, so that the landscape and the natural landscape outside the connection, echo, and create a holistic garden landscape. Whether dynamic or static view can see the beautiful scenery, the pursuit of infinite extension of the spatial visual effect.

1.1.4 Progressive spatial organization

The combination of static and dynamic, the contrast between reality and reality, bearing the top and the bottom, progressive, fascinating, and gradually into a good place of spatial organization and spatial zigzagging changes, the principle of spatial layout in the garden often separates the garden as a whole into a number of different shapes, different scales and different personalities of the space, and the formation of the space of all the elements are blended together, the juxtaposition, each other and the mask. Intermixed, each other cover, nature, landscape, humanities landscape is divided into a number of segments, respectively, so that people can see the space localized interlacing, in order to form a rich landscape seems to have no end.

1.1.5 Small see big space effect

Ancient gardening artists seized the typical features of various beauties of nature to refine and cut, the peaks and gullies one by one again in a small courtyard, in the two-dimensional garden site to highlight the three-dimensional spatial effect. "Create unlimited space with limited area". "Big" and "small" is relative, the key is "fake natural scenery, create a real interest in landscape, garden mood".

1.1.6 Intriguing garden culture

People often use landscape poems, landscape paintings to send love to the landscape, to express the pursuit of transcendence and natural harmonization **** life thinking and mood. Classical gardens often express the mood of the landscape through couplets and plaques, stone carvings, calligraphy, art, literature, philosophy, music and other forms of expression, so that the constituent elements of the garden is rich in connotation and landscape thickness.

2, China's classical gardens to the world

In China's ancient times, whether it is the Royal Court or private gardens to their own appreciation and life, and very much reflects the owner's consciousness and value orientation, or to show off the power of the only one, or to show off the noble glory, or to avoid the world to take the secluded to cultivate the body. These gardens are designed to build the idea of the ruling class is not the ideological reflection. This also further consolidated the "closed-door" policy, so that China's classical gardens in this period and can not leap.

Until the end of the 1970s, China implemented the policy of reform and opening up, the end of the "closed-door" situation. In this historical condition, there appeared the imagination of Chinese gardeners to build Chinese classical gardens overseas, which has been continuously developed in the past 30 years.

China's classical gardens, like traditional Chinese culture and history and culture, thousands of years in the Chinese land, breeding, growth, and development and maturity, she is in its own unique form and connotation of the formation of their own unique artistic style, is the world's art of a cluster of flowers in the bush of the fragrance of the flowers in the world's gardens.

2.1 Our gardening activities in foreign countries are generally the following ways:

2.1.1 the name of the national or local government to participate in the international horticulture or exposition to build a garden;

2.1.2 Sino-foreign friendly provinces, states (counties), and friendship between the city of the mutual gift to build gardens;

2.1.3 to undertake the construction of gardens of foreign governments, social groups or private individuals, and so on;

China's classical gardens to the world is China's garden designers and skilled workers in the new historical period for the publicity, introduction of traditional Chinese garden art, enhance the friendship between Chinese and foreign gardening circles and people, promote the development of China's gardening industry to make valuable contributions, not only has a good design benefits, but also can achieve good economic benefits.

3, China's classical gardens to the world of thinking

Throughout the Chinese classical gardens overseas some of the best works, either simulation of domestic which a scenic spot, is the exquisite elements of the various attractions cobbled together, assembled together. Hopefully, foreigners will be able to absorb and understand the Chinese garden through a garden. This kind of unchanging, rigid model of gardening has failed to meet the needs of contemporary people.

Chinese classical gardens have developed to a level that cannot be surpassed by future generations, but we can grasp the essence of classical gardens, and combine new materials and techniques under the existing new historical conditions to recreate the glory of Chinese classical gardens in modern times.

Japan is based on the Chinese classical gardens evolved on the basis of their characteristics of the withered landscape gardens, their withered landscape in the world have a place, the development is very good. China should also have to enter the world's new reform policy to deal with the world. Japan's "Zen" thought leading their gardens, I believe that China's "harmony between man and nature", "from nature and higher than nature", "although made by man, just like from nature. Although made by man, like from heaven" idea can also be developed in the new historical conditions of the new Chinese characteristics and without losing the Chinese classical garden "soul" of the landscape.

4, Chinese classical gardens into the world of reform should be integrated with the strategy of globalization

We should put the classical gardens into the world of reform and globalization strategy into one. Changes of the times to promote the globalization of garden construction, which is not only the objective trend of garden development, but also the requirements of the times, and in the implementation of the globalization of garden construction, we must first emphasize the differences between Chinese and Western culture. Construction of gardens in foreign countries can not be simply copied or migrated, but created under new conditions, not only to meet the needs of the times, but also to have a typical traditional style. For example:

4.1 Park Construction

In the construction of parks, we emphasize the national characteristics, regional heterogeneity, at the same time, moderate integration of exotic ethnic customs, and actively apply the results of multidisciplinary results, we will certainly be able to build the park into a contagious, creativity, style of 'modern Chinese classical gardens"

3.

4.2 Urban garden planning

In terms of urban garden planning, the overall comprehensive consideration should be given to the establishment of the necessary framework, to grasp the extension of the angle and level, the formation of man and nature in harmony with the *** survival of the space, while abandoning the single body of the classical Chinese gardens, can not be seminar on the history of the classical Chinese gardens and culture, and its life of the gardens, the ecology of the gardens, the garden culture can not be sustainable development.

Therefore, we must consider both the continuation of tradition and innovation in the construction of gardens. Consider both Chinese culture, and consider the world development, and actively absorb the essence of Chinese classical garden gardening, retaining the Chinese classical garden of human space and "unity of mankind" spirit, to overcome her old functional deficiencies and overly closed to the negative effects of culture, the use of modern advanced science and culture and art, and better Chinese garden construction to a new climax. Climax.

5, the development of Chinese classical gardens in the country

In the country, classical gardens are also the basis of all landscape design. In recent years, on the basis of it has formed a number of cross-disciplinary new disciplines, such as: garden design, environmental design, planning and design, landscape garden design, etc., these disciplines, although the name is not the same, but its *** with the pursuit of "universal harmony" of the traditional concepts are the same. Classical gardens in the "harmony between heaven and humanity" has always guided them to the natural landscape than Germany, benevolence and wisdom, "Road hair natural" as the search for laws, follow "the opposite of the truth", "simple and natural" as the aesthetic standard, to natural nature is true, good and beautiful.

5.1 Classical Chinese gardens are the source of inspiration for modern garden design

Classical Chinese gardens are the source of inspiration for modern garden design, and the essence of classical gardening ideas is the theoretical basis of our modern gardening design, because a good garden work is not created out of thin air, but from the "native" in the "growth". "in" the "growth" out, as "a side of the soil and water to raise a side of people," the reasoning, a side of the soil and water out of a side of the garden landscape.

5.1.1 The study of classical Chinese gardens is a shortcut to understanding local culture

The development of modern landscape gardening in China requires the hard work of local landscape gardeners. Chinese landscape architects must pay attention to the study of the native land of landscape gardening, and actively explore the cultural characteristics of rich regional landscapes, so that they can design "native" landscape garden works.

5.2 Chinese classical gardens in the face of the impact of Western trends need to grasp two points

5.2.1 Develop ideas, expand the design field of Chinese gardens

In the face of the impact of Western trends, modern designers need to develop ideas, digging the significance of the reality of the classical gardens, Chinese classical garden gardening techniques, spatial layout forms, garden elements, and culture, and so on, applied to a wider range of areas. Apply to a wider range of fields.

5.2.2 Integration, explore scientific and rigorous design methods

The combination of ancient and modern, ancient for modern, foreign for Chinese is an inevitable trend. Compliance with ancient landscape methods, reasonable reference to Western forms of expression, take the Western long, make up for the shortcomings of Chinese gardens, integration of Chinese culture and thought of the connotation of Western modern concepts, to create modern gardens of Chinese characteristics.

Laozi has put forward: "everything negative Yin and hold the Yang, the gas and", so there is "heaven and mankind, together as one" concept of the universe, that the unity of opposites, there is innovation, there can be the emergence of new things. I believe that the Chinese classical garden in the Western trend and the impact of new local requirements, along the vein of national culture, with a rigorous attitude to reform, innovation, will be able to make China's gardens and culture blossom in the motherland of the land, to be continued and flourish.