Brief introduction of boatman's horn

Yellow River Shipping Company. (mainly in the middle and lower reaches of Henan Province), Bohai Bay Ship, Wusuli River Ship, Yangtze River Ship. (Various boatmen's trumpets in the upper and middle reaches of Sichuan Province and tributaries of Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan, Li and You in Dongting Lake), ships along the Yellow Sea, etc. In addition, boatmen's trumpets such as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Jiang Xun in Guangxi and Qujiang in Guangdong also have their own characteristics.

Because of the different labor intensity on board and the different inland navigation environment, the ship number changes greatly. Some songs have strong labor intensity, close cooperation and strict operation, and such songs are practical, such as "Chong Tan Songzi"; Some people sing when sailing on a calm beach. This kind of singing is not practical and lyrical, such as "beach singing". In terms of lyrics, the former is mostly labor sign language; The latter sees the scenery and improvises more words.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was an endless stream of ships coming and going on the canal, and the trumpets of boatmen came and went. All kinds of trumpets, such as tents, fiber pulling, oars and poles, resounded through the sky, forming a lively scene of ships sailing from south to north and singing trumpets everywhere. Wucheng Canal boatman's chant was handed down from generation to generation on this canal. There are eleven types of boatmen's trumpets in Wucheng Canal: 1, and the number of tents. When a boat sails against the current, it must first raise the tent and sing the beat when it is opened. 2. Play the anchor number. The ship has anchors at both ends. When sailing, you must anchor first. At this time, the trumpeter will lead and the boatman will sing. This is the anchor number. 3, La Chong, the ship is on the straight, in order to make the ship move forward by inertia, the tracker should rush forward for a while, and then sing La Chong. 4, pull the fiber, when sailing against the current, the tracker should pull the fiber. Generally, a ship has six or seven fibers, and 100 ton needs thirteen or four fibers. At this time, the trumpeter will sing the fiber horn, horn and wire horn. 5, the number of the pole, in order to make the ship turn to the normal course smoothly and quickly, at this time, the signalman sang the number of the pole, and the boatman propped up the long pole to start the ship with the horn, supporting it to move forward. 6. Because of the fast sailing speed of the ship, in order to sail safely, the ship must sway from side to side to cope with the dangers in the river at any time. At this time, Song called a boat. 7. Paddle, the river is straight and wide, and the water level is stable. At this time, paddle and sing to push the hull forward. 8. In the dry season, when the river is shallow, the boat will be dragged through the shallows by wringing water. The bugle is the bugle that is sung in the process of playing the bugle. 9. Warning signals are mainly used to sound at night or in foggy days to prevent danger between ships. 10, contact number, which is basically the same as the warning number, but with different purposes. Contact number is the number used for boarding and ship-to-ship communication. The bugle is called the bugle, also called the labor bugle. The trumpets of Wucheng Canal boatmen are bold and heroic, with simple music scores, simple lyrics and catchy melody, which fully shows the confidence and optimism of hardworking and brave Wucheng boatmen in overcoming difficulties despite many difficulties. In the early 1960s, the folk song "Singing Yangko" written by county literary and art workers according to the canal boatman's chant fully reflected the characteristics of the canal boatman's chant in Wucheng. In the "Shanghai Spring" concert in 1964, it was well received by experts and audiences, and was recorded and played on radio and TV stations for many times. 1978 After the canal was cut off, the water transportation was interrupted, and the boatman's horn also disappeared. As future generations, we have the responsibility to dig it and protect it. We suggest that it should be declared as an intangible cultural heritage project step by step.