How is sweet potato vermicelli processed?

Sweet potato is a widely planted crop in China with high yield and strong adaptability. It is cultivated all over China. Sweet potato is rich in protein, starch, pectin, cellulose, amino acids, vitamins and various minerals, which has high nutritional and health care value. In recent years, sweet potato deep processing projects have attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. Deep processing of sweet potato has become a model for developing green health food. Deep processing of sweet potato has low investment, low risk and high profit, which can be extended to business opportunities in the industrial chain.

Deep processing technology of sweet potato Let's take three-powder processing as an example:

1, starch part:

Stone removal, cleaning, feeding, crushing, separation, sand removal, fine screening, concentration, dehydration, drying and screening.

2. Mechanical vermicelli part:

Stone removal-cleaning-feeding-crushing-separation-sand removal-refining and screening-sedimentation and powder removal-stirring-blanking-molding-curing-freezing-loose powder drying (wet starch can be directly processed into vermicelli, and dry starch is also easy to destroy the viscosity of starch).

3. Prevent handmade vermicelli:

Core removal-cleaning-feeding-crushing-separation-sand removal-fine screening-concentration-dehydration-drying-screening-thickening-dough mixing-secondary kneading-hammer powder in the pot-curing-cooling-hanging powder on the plate-freezing-loose powder drying (firstly, it is best to dry starch for processing, especially high-starch sweet potatoes are difficult to peel after drying, and drying is the main method.

Remarks: 1, the above equipment is equipped according to the production process steps of Ruyang Machinery Factory:

2. Three powders generally refer to starch, vermicelli and vermicelli:

At present, the domestic sweet potato starch and vermicelli market is not empty, but there are various flour products on the market. However, few consumers in the market buy pure sweet potato vermicelli and vermicelli, and even the younger generation simply don't know if they are eating sweet potato flour. Most of the flowing vermicelli and vermicelli in the domestic market are mixed with sweet potato, cassava, corn, wheat and other raw materials, and the processed products are only poor in taste, worse in quality, poor in strength and high in viscosity.

At home, some people around us often say that there is a village or a town in our hometown that is famous for making fans. Of course, we believed in the vermicelli here at first, because time and memory made us habitually think that the vermicelli in the village was good, but because the interests drove one family to cheat, every family followed. When the consumers ate more and more wrong, this so-called famous village encountered a bottleneck in production and sales. There may be two possibilities: 1, a large number of surviving workshops may go to the market, and I will provide vermicelli at whatever price the wholesaler wants, with small profits but quick turnover and slow development. Those businesses that fail to do business may reopen after seeing business opportunities and learn successful models. In the future, this place may become a base for making vermicelli products, but the vermicelli produced by this base will be sold to other cities, and people nearby will know that vermicelli here is not edible. Some producers may move out of this village and continue production in another place, but whether to produce pure finished products depends on the sales direction of the producers. There are many such villages or towns in China. At first, they were famous for the taste and quality of finished products, and later they were famous for counterfeiting.

Second, consumer psychology:

Traditional vermicelli, vermicelli, vermicelli and other vermicelli products are made in various specifications, with different styles of thickness and width. There is a traditional habit of eating vermicelli products all over China. However, due to different living habits and cooking methods, the specifications of the thickness and width of vermicelli products vary from place to place, including the appearance and color of vermicelli. In Jiangnan, people generally eat soup, hot pot and stew. The vermicelli is mainly finished vermicelli, with diameters of 1.3, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5mm, and the wide vermicelli is generally 08*04, 08*06, 08* 10. Generally, people in Jiangbei are mainly fried, stewed, hot pot, cold salad and pastry stuffing, and vermicelli and vermicelli are mostly finished vermicelli with diameters of 055, 06, 07, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5 and1.8 mm. People in Northeast and Northwest China generally like powder products with thicker and lighter colors, but powder products made of raw materials such as sweet potatoes and potatoes are generally accepted in Northeast China, while powder products made of raw materials such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn and miscellaneous grains are easily accepted in Northwest China.

The above four classifications are too general, but they do simplify the flour products that are often eaten in local life. China is a populous country with a population of over one billion. History has divided us into different cities. In different environments, we all have different local cultures and different eating habits, but when we choose flour products, sweet potato powder is easily accepted by the public. Among the above four departments, sweet potato vermicelli is the most popular among consumers in different regions.

Sweet potato vermicelli tastes soft, rich and full of sweet potato flavor, which makes the older generation memorable. Have we ever heard those old people talk about what it's like to "dump powder" when the production team spreads powder? Of course, many places are producing and selling vermicelli now, and there are wholesale vendors from all over the country everywhere. There are all kinds of eye-catching vermicelli in various colors and narrow vermicelli products on the market, but where can I buy pure sweet potato vermicelli in rural markets and urban vegetable markets? In a word, "difficult", adulteration may be the word we have heard the most these years.

Powder products are a traditional food and an indispensable part of our dishes. For traditional food, most people are consumers. We care more about quality and taste than price, but the demand for powder products is not our personal consumption, but a canteen or restaurant. Some flour products demanded in these places also restrict the quality of noodles bought in the market. This is the case in China market. Where there is demand, there will be production. I don't reject a fan enterprise that makes mixed starch. This is also a kind of management, a way of life. It is this so-called way of life that makes more fake, really less.

The prices of so-called "sweet potato vermicelli" sold in the market are mostly 2.5 yuan -3.5 yuan/kg and 3.5 yuan -6 yuan/kg. Consumers generally buy 6 yuan/Jin of vermicelli, but what they buy at this price is not necessarily pure sweet potato powder. Ordinary consumers have no ability to distinguish the authenticity of vermicelli products, mainly by looking at the color and appearance, but these can be changed according to production.

In most areas of China where vermicelli production is concentrated, there are no sweet potatoes, but there are more than a dozen households in one village and hundreds in one township. There are at least three or four hundred vermicelli in China. Except for the hottest days all year round, the overtime production is mostly mixed with cassava and corn, and the low-grade corn starch is mostly mixed with pigment, alum and chemical additives. However, the vermicelli produced in these places are distributed all over the country. Local people in every production place don't eat these vermicelli, but outsiders in the market may also produce them in this way. Many city people will drag their friends or go to the countryside to buy vermicelli produced by farmers themselves. In rural areas, they usually choose to provide sweet potato raw materials, and the equipment owners themselves supervise the production. In such a domestic market, many people have taken a fancy to the project of deep processing of sweet potatoes.

At present, sweet potatoes are used as raw materials, and there are various large, medium and small-scale manufacturers from cleaning to vermicelli forming. Small and medium-sized production meets local demand, and large enterprises should establish brand image and develop with a straight-forward mentality. However, both large and small enterprises should produce flour products that local people like in a pure and additive-free way. Every link from purchasing sweet potatoes to processing starch and vermicelli can be seen by the people nearby, so that they can rest assured that these are pure sweet potato powder. Only when the local people recognize it can there be a good sales market.

Third, the choice of equipment:

1, production overview

Deep processing of sweet potato This paper introduces the processing of sweet potato starch, vermicelli, vermicelli, mainly because Ruyang Machinery Factory has been engaged in the research and manufacture of deep processing equipment of sweet potato starch since 1982. Through long-term experience accumulation, the experience and application of this equipment are summarized.

2. Preventive measures

The selection of deep processing equipment for sweet potato starch should be based on local actual conditions, sweet potato planting area or possible development area, personal economic ability, and sufficient electricity and water supply. Note that sweet potatoes belong to seasonal processing and are generally excavated before and after the first frost. The processing season can last 30-45 days, and small-scale processing usually lasts about 15-20 days. The reason is that the fresh sweet potato used for pulping can not be stored for too long, and the saccharification extraction rate of sweet potato decreases after being stored for too long. Secondly, sweet potato skin is soft and not easy to crush. Starch processing and vermicelli processing are divided into two parts. Sweet potato processing is seasonal, and vermicelli processing should be continued after starch processing. The expected starch storage should be completed during the processing of vermicelli.

For the primary processors, a set of corresponding large-scale equipment can be installed if the funds and local sweet potato planting area permit. The whole set is equipped with a lot of starch, some of which are dry and some are wet. Dry starch is used for storage and sale, and wet starch is used for processing vermicelli. Fans should choose equipment size or reduce production cycle according to their own sales. Suggestions for users who have no market: In the first year, the processing is mainly to sell starch, and the market is large, but the profit of selling starch is lower than that of fans, but the sales of fans in the first year will not be too considerable. The main buyers may be nearby farmers or simply packaged gift boxes, so do a good job of publicity. The sales of fans and customers are accumulated by time. Integrity-based, quality for survival, people and value, small customers will also bring big sales.

3, equipment selection

The selection of sweet potato processing equipment is mainly based on durability and high extraction rate. It is simple and convenient for small farmers to choose a set of equipment that integrates cleaning, crushing and separation. The investment in precipitation and powdering is small. After the starch is precipitated, it is dug out and stored in a planned storage pool for wet storage, and then the vermicelli is processed (it needs to be dried before March and April every year, and the starch will ferment when the weather gets hotter). Small and medium-sized factories and large factories must choose the assembly line with separate crushing and separation equipment, so that the failure rate of equipment production links is smaller and the starch extraction rate is higher. In terms of cleaning, we should choose several levels of cleaning according to the local soil quality. Different cleaning equipment can deal with production failures caused by possible impurities in soil quality. Generally, the primary crushing of the crushing part is 3-5 tons, and the secondary crushing of the crushing part can reach more than 7-8 tons. Primary coarse crushing and primary fine crushing can save power consumption better. Generally speaking, YS-450B cylinder separator is the best elutriation equipment for potato processing. The separated starch slurry needs to be desanded and then the starch is finely filtered. At this time, if customers choose to make vermicelli, they can choose precipitation, because wet starch and sun-dried granular starch potato starch are the best raw materials for making vermicelli. After fine filtration, the impurities in the starch are washed out by cyclone, and the discharged starch slurry is dehydrated by dehydrator, and the starch liquid is dehydrated into starch with water content of 38%-40%, and then it is automatically sent to a drying tower for drying, and the dried starch can be packaged after screening and cooling.

All the above equipments are from Ruyang Machinery Factory. Generally, the processing capacity of a single set of equipment is 1t/h, 3-4t/h, 5-6t/h, 7-8t/h, 10t/h, 15t/h, etc. These devices can also be used for cassava and cassava.

IV. Brief analysis of the industry:

Mastering the technology of flour products processing is the key to the whole production process. The same sweet potato, the same sweet potato variety, different manufacturers, the color and strength of the finished product are different. The following are different treatment methods in the production of powder products.

1, starch processing part:

The starch processing we usually see can be roughly divided into three types: clear water surface, sour paste surface and drying surface. The first clear water surface is also precipitated once to get powder or stirred for many times to get powder. During the processing, the starch enters the sedimentation tank after sand removal and refining, and the starch naturally precipitates. After the starch is precipitated, the covered slurry is discharged and the grease is skimmed. After repeated stirring, starch is repeatedly precipitated, so that impurities with light specific gravity pass through precipitation. So as to achieve the purposes of whitening and removing impurities in starch. This method is the starch treatment method for making potato vermicelli at present. In actual processing, the average user takes more starch directly after one precipitation (the whiteness of vermicelli needs multiple precipitation, but the color of sweet potato vermicelli circulating in the market is heavier). The second kind of acid paste surface is to inject acid paste in the starch precipitation stage in starch processing, which can accelerate starch precipitation and achieve the purpose of starch whitening. Physalis alkekengi is also divided into soybean yoghurt, also referred to as "soybean milk", and it is also divided into the slurry formed by precipitation and fermentation of sweet potatoes after crushing and separation. At this time, we are called "old pulp" for short. Soybean milk refers to the acidic slurry extracted from bean starch processing, which is used for potato starch processing, and the whiteness of starch is improved by soybean milk processing. Old pulp refers to the residual pulp after starch precipitation in sweet potato starch processing. The acidity of pulp water can be judged by the color conversion of yellow, blue and black pulp. The whiteness of starch produced by this old pulp is not whiter than that of soybean milk, but the starch gluten treated by it is higher than that of soybean milk. Of course, this is based on personal mastery. The third kind of dried noodles, starch drying generally chooses airflow drying. We usually judge whether starch is naturally dried or mechanically dried. The most intuitive method is that naturally dried starch is granular and mechanically dried starch is flour. Clear water noodles and sour paste noodles are better to sell, and the market for dried noodles is average, because sweet potato starch processing is mostly used for vermicelli processing, while dried noodle gluten is not as high as clear water noodles and sour paste noodles.

2, vermicelli processing part:

There are many kinds of equipment used in vermicelli processing. For the time being, taking the products produced by Ruyang Machinery Factory as an example, the processing part of vermicelli is divided into two categories: self-cooked type and cauldron powder.

1, self-cooking type is divided into steam type and bulking machine. Steam-type vermicelli machine can cure starch by water temperature heating and spiral propulsion, which can ensure the quality of vermicelli. By changing different grinding tools, the specifications of finished products can be determined, and pure potato starch, corn starch, wheat starch, beans starch and miscellaneous grains starch can be produced. This equipment is an early product developed by Ruyang Machinery Factory, and now it is more advanced into a double helix. The bulking machine, which we generally call self-ripening machine, works on the principle that the screw and the pipe wall generate heat through high-speed rotation friction and never ripen the starch. This equipment is generally suitable for the production of corn, wheat, miscellaneous grains and other starches. The heat generated in the production process is high, which is not suitable for potato starch cooked at low temperature. The noodle products made by Penghua machine have a hard taste, but they are good equipment for making rice noodles.

2. cauldron powder, which is what consumers call handmade powder, is basically divided into two types of equipment, one with vacuum and the other without vacuum. After evacuation, the professional points have been divided into machine-made flour, which is transparent in appearance and even in vermicelli, but the reason for the poor taste of the finished product is rather blunt.

General equipment for cauldron powder: 1, egg beater, double-cylinder automatic feeding and kneading machine, basin pusher, hammer and ladle machine. 2. Beater, double-cylinder automatic feeding kneader, vacuum extractor and hammer chartered flight. 3. Beater, combined dough mixer, steam boiler, cooling conveyor belt, automatic powder cutting mixer. The vermicelli produced by the first equipment is the same as that produced by hand, and it is more perfect than that produced by hand, because the mechanical dough is more uniform than that produced by hand. Second, all the three equipments are vacuumized in the production of vermicelli, with flat appearance and uniform thickness, but poor taste. The third equipment belongs to assembly line production, with a maximum output of 2000KG hours. This kind of equipment is called steamer in vermicelli processing industry.

Five, finished products and finished product sales:

We invest in this project in order to produce finished products and bring benefits. Benefit is the key to production and survival. How to control the quality of finished products and consumer psychology is the core of the whole sales. The deep processing of potato starch, too much investment, is not easy to start. Deep processing of agricultural and sideline products It is best for each industry to snowball and grow itself slowly, because it needs experience, technology and the support of old customers. Only by ensuring sales volume can we have better development.

In the future development, our thinking can't stop at the production and sales of pure potato vermicelli. On the basis of ensuring the processing of pure potato vermicelli, producers should be creative and dare to try to innovate and extend products, such as crushing various vegetables to produce pulp mixed with potato starch. Celery juice vermicelli, pumpkin juice vermicelli, carrot juice vermicelli, spinach juice vermicelli, kelp vermicelli, seaweed vermicelli and other plant health powder products. The higher-end products can be made into powder products made of bone soup, beef bone soup and sheep bone soup, instead of water and starch. At present, there are already such manufacturers in China, and the market sales are very good. This mixed production was also put forward by Sun Zhengjun, an old technician in our factory. This production method not only ensures the quality of fans, but also allows consumers to connect them with fresh ideas and nutrition more intuitively. The future market of this project is worth expanding.

In terms of sales, at present, it is based on pure green healthy food without alum and additives. As far as the current market positioning of products is concerned, first of all, we take "natural pollution-free" powder as the main demand to meet the needs of different consumers, which is the main positioning of our products. Among the old customers, we continue to take "additive-free, hygienic and pure sweet potato" as the main demand, and have great advantages in low cost, low price and sales.

Summary of intransitive verbs:

It seems that there are pioneers and imitators, dreamers and experimenters, people who have more time and fantasy but don't realize their own reality and ability, slowly experience trial and error, success and failure, but the control of success or failure is still in the hands of the operator, and the flexibility of thinking is the most critical. 、

When choosing equipment, we should first consider the output of the equipment and the future product sales, and then consider what kind of equipment to use and how to make the equipment more reasonable and more suitable for our own production. When purchasing equipment, you must visit the equipment manufacturers on the spot, communicate with the equipment manufacturers and sales manufacturers about the local situation and preliminary ideas, and choose the equipment that suits you in combination with the explanation and self-judgment of the sales staff.

Treat others as one. At first, every industry was built by association or fantasy combined with reality. Sweet potato deep processing project is a good project for farmers in potato areas to get rich with less investment and great profits.