Where do the Buyi come from?

The Buyei call themselves "Buyei", "Buayi", "Buzhong", "Burao", "Buman", which may be the ancient "Bureaucrat", "Barbarian", "Zhongjia", This may be the source of the ancient titles "Bureaucrat", "Barbarian", "Zhongjia", "Barbarian Bureaucrat", "Slang Bureaucrat", and "Yi Bureaucrat".

In the Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the Buyi and Zhuang are called "Slang Bureaucrat", "Barbarian Bureaucrat" or "Yi Bureaucrat", and after the Fifth Generation, the Buyi called "Zhongjia". After the Five Dynasties, the Buyi were called "Zhongjia", and the Zhuang were called "Boy" in the Song Dynasty.

"Zhong" and "boy" are still homophonic.

Ethnicity

The Buyi are one of China's ethnic minorities.

There are now 254,505,059 people, of which more than 2 million are in Guizhou Province, accounting for more than 95% of the population of the Buyi.

They mainly live in the two Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefectures of Qiannan and Qianxinan, as well as 10 counties (cities) in Guizhou, including Duyun, Dushan, Pingtang and Zhenning.

The rest are scattered in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions).

The Buyei region has beautiful mountains and colorful natural scenery.

The famous Huangguoshu Waterfall, Guiyang Huaxi, Anshun "Dragon Palace" cave, Panjiang Iron Bridge and other dozen of tourist attractions, meet thousands of tourists every year.

In addition to tourism resources, wildlife resources and mineral resources are also very rich.

The Buyei language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and there is no national script.

The Buyei language was created in the 1950s, but it has not been popularized, and now there are more Chinese characters in general use.

The Buyei are mainly agricultural, and have a long history of growing rice.

Enjoy the name "rice nation".

The Hongshui River Basin is also one of the most important forest areas in China.

Ethnic History

The Buyi are the indigenous inhabitants of the southeastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, who have been working and living here since the Stone Age.

The Buyi are related to the ancient "Bong", "Baiyue" and "Baipu".

The Tang Dynasty history called "Southwest Barbarians", after the Song and Yuan Dynasty, "Fan", "Zhongjia Barbarians", Ming and Qing Dynasty, "Zhongban", after the founding of New China, the Buyei people have a relationship with the ancient "Biao", "Baiyue", "Bai Pu". "After the founding of New China, they are collectively known as the Buyi.

The Buyi are related to the Zhuang in the same way, and are a part of the ancient Baiyue.

Nowadays, the Buyi people still retain some of the customs and habits of the ancient Yue people, such as living in dry-fence houses and playing copper drums.

It is also believed that the Yelang Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty had a relationship with the present-day Buyi.

Some of the Buyi people call themselves "Buyi" and "Bu Yue", and some of them call themselves "Bu Yi" and "Bu Man". "After the founding of New China, according to their own national *** with the self-proclaimed, unified with the "Buyei" as the national name.

Buyei people since the Song Dynasty, there have been rebellions against the exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class of the peasants, in modern history, and against foreign churches, resistance to Japanese imperialism and *** reactionary struggle, is a glorious revolutionary tradition of the nation.

Diet of the nation

Rice is the staple food.

The people like to steam the rice in a special cooking utensil called "retort".

The Buyei people generally like to eat glutinous rice, and is often used as a staple food to improve life or flavor.

Cold vegetables, "moss jelly meat", "mixed peas cold noodles", etc., is the favorite food of the Buyi people.

Sauerkraut and sour soup is almost a must for every meal, especially for women.

There are also blood tofu, sausage, and flavorful dishes made from dried and fresh bamboo shoots and various insects.

Most of the Buyi people are good at making pickles, cured meat and edamame, and the unique folk pickles "salt and acid" are famous all over the world.

Among the meat dishes, dog meat, dog enema and beef soup pot are the best dishes.

When slaughtering pigs, the Buyi used to put some salt in the blood basin, and then stirred with the pig's blood, solidified after the onion, spices, plus minced meat in the water soup, and pig's blood to cook together, known as the "live blood", as the best dishes for guests.

The Buyei people in Guizhou in the event of weddings and funerals, like to use the yellow cow as a dish.

Wine plays an important role in the daily life of the Buyi.

Every year after the fall harvest, every family has to make a lot of rice wine and store it for drinking all year round.

The Buyei people like to treat their guests with wine, no matter how much the guests drink, as long as the guests come, they are the first to wine, called "welcome wine".

Drinking alcohol without cups and bowls, and to line order guessing, singing.

The traditional snacks of the Buyei people are many, especially in Yunnan, Buyei people, good at making rice noodles, bait block, pea flour, rice cake and so on.

The Buyei people are generous and hospitable, characterized by the Maple Leaf Festival on February 3 (or March 13) every year, many Buyei people use maple leaves and other plant pigments to dye the glutinous rice into colorful, flower glutinous rice to entertain the guests and give to friends and relatives.

Ethnic Architecture

Stone Houses by the Mountain and the Water

The distinctive feature of the Buyei people is that they live by the mountain and the water.

Most of the houses are of the dry-rail type or half of the building (the first half of the front is a building, the second half of the back is a cottage) type of slate houses.

Zhenning, Guizhou, Anshun and other Buyei areas are rich in high-quality stone, and there can be layer by layer to uncover the basic uniformity of the thin and thick flat slabs, this thin slice of stone from the water into shale.

The local Buyei people to adapt to local conditions, local materials, with the stone to build a block of stone houses with national characteristics.

Slate house with stone or stone block wall, the wall can be bashed to five or six meters high; to slate roof, paved into a neat diamond or with the material paved into the scale pattern, the stone homes are not only impervious to the wind and rain, but also simple and beautiful, the roof is light, and live in peace and not depressing.

In short, in addition to the sandalwood rafters are wood, the rest are all stone, and even the family daily use of tables, stools, stoves, bowls, pestles, mills, troughs, tanks, pots and so on, are stone chiseled.

Everything is plain and simple.

This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof and fire-proof, only poor lighting.

Zhenning Buyi Hmong Autonomous County seat of the town of Chengguan, the vast majority of houses are built of stone, three or four-story stone building there are dozens of.

Because the stone is light gray-white, the processing is more crystalline, so look at Zhenning during the day, silver glitter; moonlit night to see Zhenning, frost cover snow.

For this reason, the ancient "silver Zhenning", commonly known as "silver Zhenning" reputation.

The town's stone buildings, the long history of more than 600 years of wind and rain, so it can be called both solidified music, but also as an immortal epic.

The Buyei people have a lot to say about building houses.

First of all, we should ask Mr. Yin and Yang to look at the "feng shui", and choose a place to build a house based on the mountains and the water, not only with the back of the green mountains, but also facing the blue peaks.

Relying on the best is "crouching lions", "green dragon", "nobleman riding" and other mountains; to the mountain to choose "two dragons grab treasure! ", "Double Dragon Pearl", "Ten Thousand Horses", "Longevity Star" and other forms.

The good thing is that the Buyei area is mostly limestone mountains, and this kind of mountain is not difficult to find.

To build a house, you need to choose an auspicious day, and one month before the auspicious day, you need to ask a carpenter to break the material to make a frame.

On the auspicious day of the erection of the frame, a sacrifice is made to Master Lu Ban.

When the frame is erected, the father-in-law's family sends the beam, which is tied with a big flower tied with red silk, and accompanied by a band and a lion dance team firing firecrackers.

When the beam is put up, there are songs and dances, rituals and banquets.

Finally, the ancestors and the God of the stove (charcoal fire) are taken to the new house.

The whole process of building a new house is full of festivities and mutual help in the village of Buyei.

Culture and Art

The culture and art of the Buyei people are colorful.

Traditional dances include the Copper Drum Dance, the Weaving Dance, the Lion Dance, and the Sugar Bun Dance.

Traditional musical instruments include Suona, Yueqin, Dongxiao, Muye, flute and so on.

Ground Opera and Lantern Drama are the favorite dramas of the Buyi people.

The Buyei cloth woven by the farmers themselves has long been famous.

In recent years, enterprises specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and ethnic craft clothing have been established, and their products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and the United States.

Batik craft

The Buyei batik has long been famous.

As early as the Song Dynasty, there is a record of Guizhou Huishui specialty batik cloth.

In the Qing Dynasty, the history book called "blue and white cloth", which is batik fabric.

The Buyi girls started learning batik from their mothers when they were 12 or 13 years old.

First, the beeswax is heated and melted into wax juice, and then a triangular copper wax knife is dipped into the wax juice, and all kinds of beautiful and vivid patterns are carefully painted on the white cloth, and then it is put into an indigo tank and dyed blue or light blue, and then finally, the cloth is put into a pot to boil off the beeswax, and then fished out and repeatedly washed in the river water, and then dried, and then it is turned into the unique batik handicrafts.

Made of batik fabric, the pattern is rich and simple, painting lively and bold, and shows the unique tortoise pattern (also known as small ripples), with the machine can not be replaced by the artistic effect.

Batik art in different regions has different styles: some love to use flowers, birds, insects and fish as batik patterns, with bold composition and vivid images; some are characterized by strict structure and delicate lines; some are taken from dragon claw flowers and Tshuai flowers, with bold and bright hues. ...... Batik art has not only beautified people's lives but also enriched women's clothing in China and abroad. The batik art has not only beautified people's life, but also enriched the clothing of Chinese and foreign women.

In the last 20 years, Guizhou has also built some batik factories, with specialized artisan designers to create and draw new patterns.

The figures of various characters and animals are more abundant, and the colors tend to be diversified.

Batik fabrics are mostly used as women's headscarves, dresses, girdles, quilts, curtains and drapes.

Some of the higher level of craftsmanship, the pattern is very novel and exquisite, but also as art wall hangings to decorate the living room and hotels and restaurants.

The Buyi women also add embroidery on batik dresses, which is even more charming.

In addition to batik, the traditional folk crafts of the Buyi people include tie-dye, brocade, embroidery, wood carving, stone carving, bamboo weaving and so on.

National Marriage Customs

The marriage of the Buyi is monogamous.

Intermarriage between people of the same clan or surname is strictly prohibited.

There is also the custom of "aunt-uncle cousin marriage" and the custom of "brotherhood and brotherhood".

Young men and women are free to fall in love before marriage, and unmarried young men and women everywhere like to take advantage of the annual festivals and customs, fairs and collective gatherings, to three, five to seven, eight people in a free combination of the way, by talking and laughing and singing to the tune of, or to express each other's feelings.

When a man looks at a girl, according to tradition, must find a third party as a companion, and some are introduced by their sister-in-law.

If the woman has this meaning, you can meet alone to the quiet place to further sing songs, express love, until both sides of the token, it shows that they have been sworn for life.

Engaged to be married, by the male parents to media to the female family, and send a certain amount of wine, meat, rake rake a gift.

If the other party agrees, the second time the matchmaker will be the men and women of the "eight characters" for each other to "check", as long as the "eight characters" match, you can choose the date of marriage.

The amount of dowry in this area, especially pay attention to the "six" or "double" number, it is said to take the "six" that is the harmonic of the Loc, in order to indicate that after the marriage of the two have Loc will be The "six" or "double" number is said to take the "six" is the harmony of Lu, to indicate that after marriage, both have Lu will be blessed.

When you get married, the groom does not meet the bride, but only a few good-looking young men and women to meet.

The bride is generally walking to the male home under an umbrella, and individual horseback riding, sedan chair.

On the day of the wedding, the newlyweds do not have a room, the next day that is to return to the mother's home.

The Buyei in the settlement area still have the custom of "not falling in the husband's house" or "sitting in the house".

Some of them stay with their husbands for two or three years or even five or six years.

The Buyei in the mixed areas have mostly eliminated this custom.

Etiquette and customs

The Buyi people are hospitable, warm, generous, sincere, all to the cottage, friends and relatives, old friends, never known, all will be treated with wine.

The Buyi people are very polite, do not welcome foul-mouthed, rude guests.

Buyei families live separately.

But despite the separation of the brothers, in the distribution of property, the parents will be left with a pension field, which will be cultivated by the brothers in turn.

After the death of their parents, the old-age field is turned into a grave field for sweeping the graves during the Ching Ming Festival.

So that children and grandchildren will always remember their elders and the grace of their upbringing.

Ethnic dress

The Buyei people live in the villages near the dams or river valleys, and men and women like to wear blue, blue, black, white and other colors of cloth clothing.

Young and strong men are often wrapped in a turban, wearing a pair of lapel short clothes (or large lapel long shirt) wrapped in a turban, long pants.

Most of the old people wear a short jacket with lapel or long shirt.

Women's clothing varies from place to place, some wear right-overlapping lapel coat, wearing pants or pleated skirt, wearing silver bracelets, earrings, collars and other jewelry.

Some like to embroider flowers on their clothes and some like to wrap their heads in white towels.

The Buyei girls have had the aura of making batik since they were young, and most of the garments they wear are hand-stitched, well-fitting, rustic and elegant.

Ethnic Festivals

The traditional festivals of the Buyi people are basically the same as those of the Han Chinese, except for the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Mid-Autumn Festival, and there are the February 2, March 3, April 8, June 8, and June 9 festivals.

The grandest festival is the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar.

In some places, there are also Han festivals, such as the "Rice-planting Festival", "New Year's Day", "Lunar New Year's Day", "New Year's Day", "March 3", etc.

In the middle of the year, there are many other festivals, such as the "Cow King Festival", "Cow King Festival", etc.

The most important festival is the "June 6" of the lunar calendar.

The biggest festival of the year is the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival).

It lasts from New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day.

Before New Year's Eve, pigs are killed, glutinous rice is pounded, and all kinds of vegetables are prepared.

The Buyi in Yunnan have the habit of eating vegetarian food from the first to the third day of the month; the Buyi in Sichuan have to eat chicken rice on New Year's Eve or the first day of the month every year, which is known as blood rice porridge in folklore.

Each family name has different pre-dinner rituals, and the pre-dinner rituals of the two sides who recognize each other must be exactly the same.

There are also many recreational activities held during the New Year Festival.

The Flower Dance is held every year from the first to the twenty-first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.

"Jumping flowers will be" is the social activities of young men and women, the scale of the grand, the number of participants over a thousand, many unmarried young men and women through the blowing of wood leaves, the song of life.

Every festival, the little girl children are wearing colorful lace dress, locking the very good-looking disk flower buttons, the boys wearing lapel shirts, tied with a bearded belt, blowing wooden leaves, a full face of spring.

The enthusiastic sisters held horses for the boys, from five villages and eight villages, from the invisible halfway up the mountain, rushed to jump to the flower meeting place, which is a large flat meadow, next to a clear river, north is full of flower buds of the tung forest.

There are people shouting and laughing everywhere, and there are thousands of people.

Cowhide drums thundering in the valley, sometimes fast, sometimes slow, sometimes suppressed, sometimes raised, coupled with the clanging cymbals, intoxicating! On the field, a group of young men and women at this time, there a bunch, dancing, singing ancient songs, singing beautiful, light dance, sitting on the bank of the river blowing "friends", playing the moon zither, blowing wood leaves, talk about love young people, a pair of river bright eyes, expressed to each other warm love, reflection shaking, and is a flavor.

Immediately adjacent to the Tonglin side, built a platform.

There in the performance of the wonderful Buyei opera, within the colorful, the whole lawn is full of cheerful, happy atmosphere.

They sang and danced, unknowingly the sun fell to the back of the slope, the evening sunshine on the buds of the Tonglin, people reluctantly mounted their horses, one after another, left the lawn.

Jumping flowers will again be young boys and girls bridge will, they sowed love on the grass dam, to the last day of the festival that is twenty-one (called "combined"), announced the end of the annual jumping flowers will.

The 22nd is the "sheep" day, meaning that the engagement, the young people will "sheep" to go home (the girl back to the blind date), to see the male family, to decide their own life events.

On this day, many young men went to Cao Ba to bring their future wives to the village.

However, the shy girls where willing to step into the doorstep of the object? Only in the walled village behind the hill, the jungle, sneak a peek at the object of home is located where, after twenty-two days, it is necessary to do the work, the spring plowing began, people into the busy spring production, in order to capture the next year's grain, cotton, sugar harvest, in order to build the mountainous areas, a new battle!

"June 6" is the traditional festival of the Buyei people, due to the different living areas, the date of the festival is not uniform, some areas of the festival on the sixth of June, known as the sixth of June; some areas of the June 16th or June 26th of the lunar calendar for the New Year, known as the June Street or June Bridge.

The Buyei people attach great importance to this festival, there has been a "small year" of the name.

When the festival comes, all villages will kill chickens and pigs, and make small triangular flags with white paper, dipped in chicken blood or pig blood, inserted in the crops, which, according to legend, "Tianma" (locusts) will not come to eat the crops.

The morning of the festival, by the village several respected old man, led by the young and strong to hold the traditional sacrifice Bangu, sweep the village to catch the "ghost" activities.

In addition to those who participate in the sacrifice, the rest of the men, women and children, according to the custom of the Buyei people, should be dressed in national costumes, with glutinous rice, chickens, ducks, fish, meat and wine, to the village outside the hillside, "hide mountain" (the local Han Chinese people known as catch June field).

After the ceremony, the chief priest led everyone to each house to sweep the village to drive away the "ghosts", and "hide mountain" crowd outside the village to talk about the past and sing the present, and there are a variety of recreational activities.

When the sun sets.

The people of "Hidden Mountain" sit on the ground one by one, open the rice bucket, take out the fragrant wine and food, and invite each other to be guests.

Until the mountain god of sacrifice sounded "share meat!

The festival entertainment, to throw the flower bag is the most interesting.

The flower bag is made of various colored flower cloth shaped like a pillow, filled with rice bran, beans or cotton seeds.

The edge of the bag is decorated with lace and "play with the beard".

Throwing flower bag, male and female youths stand on one side, a few meters apart, throwing each other.

The methods are right-side throw, left-side throw and over the top throw, but not allowed to throw horizontally.

The requirement is to throw far, throw fast and catch firmly.

The flower bag flying in the air, very beautiful.

If the young man will throw the flower bag to his beloved, not over the shoulder, the bag fell to the ground, the girl by to each other to send a gift, such as collars, rings, bracelets and other things, the things sent, is regarded as a token of love, the young man will be kept for a long time.

"June 6" festival has a long history.

Its origin, different legends around, one of which says that in the ancient flood era, the Buyi ancestors "Pangu", in the labor accumulated experience in cultivating rice, year after year harvest, and then he married the daughter of the Dragon King, gave birth to a son, named New Horizontal.

Once the son offended his mother, and the dragon lady, in a fit of anger, returned to the Dragon Palace and never came back.

"Pangu" had no choice but to remarry, and on June 6 of one year Pangu died, and Xinheng was then abused by his stepmother and almost killed.

He couldn't stand it anymore, so he went to heaven to sue his stepmother, and vowed to destroy her cultivated rice seedlings, stepmother knew, a lot of regrets, finally and the new cross and good, and every year on June 6, Pangu died on this day, kill pigs and ducks, do poop, for the sacrifice of Pangu, the Buyei people, so every year on June 6, held a sacrifice to the Pangu, for the activities of the ancestors to show the continuation of the progeny, a good harvest, year after year, the formation of this national holiday. Formed this national holiday.

March 3 is the traditional festival of the Buyi people, according to legend, there is a family of three sisters married in a cottage, the days are very good.

One day, Grandpa wanted to see his grandchildren, and the grandchildren of the three families heard about it, and they all fought to get Grandpa to go to their house first.

Grandpa said, on the third day of the third month, you bring the best sticky food you made to the intersection of the village, and I will go to whose house first to see whose taste is good.

On this day, the eldest daughter's family fried oil balls, the second daughter's family played mochi, the third daughter's family made five-color glutinous rice, Grandpa came to the walled village intersection, and opened the three families to see, the five-color glutinous rice's color is bright, the taste of the fragrance, he liked it the most, and went to the third daughter's house first.

From then on, every third day of the third lunar month, Buyei families have to do flower glutinous rice to entertain relatives and friends, and over time, it formed an annual March Festival.

The Chabai Song Festival is a traditional festival of the Buyi people in Xingyi, Guizhou, which is held from June 21 to 23 of the lunar calendar every year.

Tens of thousands of people from all ethnic groups in more than 10 counties around the region and even in Yunnan and Guangxi participate in the festival, which is very large in scale.

Ethnic taboos

The Buyei people are not allowed to touch the shrines and tables, and it is taboo to step on the tripods by the fire pit.

The Buyei people are used to honoring guests with wine, and guests should drink a little more or less.

The Buyei village's mountain god tree and big Luo Han tree are forbidden to be touched and cut down by anyone.

The Buyi must send gifts in even numbers.

When a child is weak and sick, the parents have to look for a protector for him, godfather or godmother.

There are two ways to find godparents: one is to choose a day to wait at home, the first person to come to the door in three days, that is, the child's protector; the second is to choose an auspicious day by the parents to lead the child, waiting for the first passer-by on the road, that is, the protector.

Ethnic Religion

The Buyei people used to believe in primitive nature worship, annual festivals to carry out sacrificial activities, including the sacrifice of the old man room (Walled City God) is the most solemn, in the second month of the lunar calendar, choose the Rabbit Day or Tiger Day to open the festival, the households to dedicate eggs and pork sacrifices to the gods, sacrifices after the whole Walled City people on the ground to get together, in order to hope for a good harvest, the whole Walled City peace.

The Buyei believe in many gods, worship nature and ancestors, and a few believe in Christianity.

Every year, there are many festivals to worship the gods of the mountains, trees and so on.

In every house, there is an ancestor's tablets, which are offered on festivals and holidays.

It is said that on the birthday of the "King of Cows", the cows are allowed to rest on that day.

Some places use black glutinous rice flour or white glutinous rice flour dyed black and mixed with water and mix, the cow's horns black, and then lead the cow to the water's edge, so that the cow see their own shadows, so that it "knows" that the plowing work is coming to an end, and then add a handful of strength will be able to rest.

Some places don't use black flour but use lime slurry to paint the horns white.

It is said that on the day of the Dragon King, the rich people take their good clothes outside the house to dry in the sun.

The average person makes glutinous rice or glutinous rice pudding to eat, the elderly drink wine and tell stories, and the young people go to the grassy hillside to sing songs.

"Spreading Yangba Festival" for the Xilang Township Buyei unique festival, the time set in the annual spread of rice (rain) after the Shen (Monkey) Day.

On that day, families bring rice dumplings, meat and wine, incense, candles and paper money to the fields to offer for the "Bodhisattva", praying for good weather, the extermination of pests, and a good harvest.