How to promote political system reform

To deepen the reform of the political system, it is necessary to adhere to the correct political direction, to ensure that the people are the masters of their own house as the fundamental, to enhance the vitality of the Party and the state, and to mobilize the people's enthusiasm, to expand socialist democracy, to build a socialist country under the rule of law, and to develop socialist political civilization. We must insist on the central role of the Party as the leader overseeing the whole situation and coordinating all parties, improve the Party's level of scientific, democratic and law-based governance, and ensure that the Party leads the people in effectively governing the country; insist that all state power belongs to the people, expand citizens' orderly political participation at all levels and in all fields, and mobilize and organize the people in the broadest possible manner to manage state and social affairs and economic and cultural undertakings in accordance with law; and insist on the basic strategy of ruling the country according to law, and establish the socialist rule of law as a basic principle. basic strategy of ruling the country according to law, establishing the socialist concept of the rule of law, realizing the rule of law in all work of the State, and safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of citizens; adhering to the characteristics and advantages of the socialist political system, advancing the institutionalization, standardization, and proceduralization of socialist democratic politics, and providing the Party and the country with political and legal institutional guarantees of long-term stability and security.

Reform of the political system is an important part of China's comprehensive reform. Since the reform and opening up, we have actively and steadily pushed forward the reform of the political system, and socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics has shown more vigorous vitality. With the development of economy and society, the reform of the political system should be both active and steady, and should be deepened continuously, in order to be compatible with the situation of the people's increasing enthusiasm for political participation.

The development of democratic politics in China and the corresponding reform of the political system do not originate from people's ideology, but are the objective needs of China's modernization process.

The 17th CPC National Congress depicted the prospects of China's democratic political development in colorful terms. Summarizing the experience of building socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics and discussing the future reform of the political system have become a major focus of attention at home and abroad.

In his report to the 17th National Congress, Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out, "We must adhere to the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the organic unity of Party leadership, people's sovereignty and the rule of the country in accordance with the law, adhere to and improve the system of people's congresses, the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of grass-roots level self-government, and continuously promote the self-perfection of the socialist political system," he said. , and constantly advancing the self-improvement and development of the socialist political system." Building and developing socialist democratic politics in a country like China is an extremely arduous historical task, and there are still many difficulties to be overcome, many risks to be guarded against, and many unknowns to be explored in the future.

The democratic system belongs to the superstructure of the state, and democratic politics arises from the real needs of social development. Fundamentally, democratic politics is not a product of social concepts but stems from the real needs of social development. Today, to study democratic politics and political system reform in China, we must first figure out the necessity of realizing the construction and reform, and what kind of realistic factors are driving the construction and reform of democratic politics.

The Growth of Rights Consciousness and the Need for Regime Construction

Like the two wings of a bird and the two wheels of a car

The report of the Seventeenth National Congress points out that we are in the critical period of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. One of the meanings of the critical period is that with the formation of the socialist market economic system, with the changes in the social structure, with the changes in the ideological concepts of the people, as the social superstructure of the political system is bound to reflect these changes, to adapt to the requirements of the economic and social development and change, to maintain and promote the sustained and stable development of the economy and society.

Under China's political system, all kinds of social contradictions have gathered to the regime, which is a characteristic of Chinese politics. The contradictions between the rich and the poor, labor and capital, urban and rural areas, as well as the contradictions caused by regional disparities, have become the concrete manifestations of the main social contradictions in contemporary China. The outstanding advantage of China's social system is that it is able to "centralize power to do great things", while the other side of this advantage is that various social contradictions and demands are also easy to concentrate on the Party and the government. Conflicts that result from the concentration of various social contradictions can be called "conflicts between the government and the people". China's reform and opening up the first 20 years, a variety of social contradictions are relatively decentralized, with the economic and social structural changes continue to deepen, a variety of social contradictions to the transformation of the phenomenon of government and people's contradictions gradually appeared. 1998, China's social contradictions in the development of an "inflection point", that is, a variety of social contradictions appeared in the more obvious to the government and the people of contradictions to the transformation of the trend of concentration, marked by China's administration and the Government. The trend is marked by the proliferation of administrative litigation cases in China.

The concept of democracy is essentially a sense of rights. Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese people's awareness of their rights has generally increased. Included in this is also the growth of public **** rights awareness. The shift from a planned economy to a market economy has brought about profound changes in China's economic and social structure, bringing about changes in interest relations and the growth of rights consciousness.

The growth of rights consciousness, the increase of social contradictions and the tendency to concentrate on the regime constitute the motive of political participation in the new period, which requires China's political system to respond, forming the demand for system supply and generating the real need for political system reform. This has led to the creation of a new and massive demand for political participation under new social conditions from both subjective and objective aspects.

The economic base determines the superstructure. Since the reform and opening up of China, the economic foundation of Chinese society has undergone major changes, which in turn have profoundly affected the political system and government management system. The impact of the market economy on the political system has two sides. While producing positive effects, it also has negative effects, mainly manifested in: leading to social division, dissolving economic equality and corrosive effects on power, providing direct incentives and conditions for the corruption of power. The market economy requires the political system to be compatible with it, and the political system should restrain the negative factors brought about by the market economy, which creates another demand for the reform of the political system. Specifically, the first is the need to reduce administrative costs. China's national conditions and the basic political system determines the state in the economic and social development has an irreplaceable important role, the market mechanism and the role of the government's organic combination of economic development to achieve sustained, stable and rapid growth, but also caused the problem of high administrative costs. To reduce the financial burden on the government, reduce administrative costs, we need to reform, improve government efficiency. Second, the need to curb corruption. Under the conditions of a market economy, party and government organizations and their cadres have the potential to generate special interests, and the continued spread of corruption is a prominent manifestation of this. Therefore, it is necessary to unceasingly fight against corruption and to strengthen supervision and power constraints through the reform of the political and administrative systems in order to maintain the integrity of party and government organs and cadres at all levels.

The growing awareness of rights and the need for regime building are like the two wings of a bird and two wheels of a car, driving the reform of China's political system and the process of democratic politics.

Political development is a one-way street

Historical experience has shown that political development is a one-way street, and there is no turning back from the bow, and it is difficult to turn back after taking a wrong step. The reform of the political system and the development of democratic politics are very important to the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society, while the reform of the political system and the construction of democratic politics is a very difficult and complex task. Reform of the political system must be carried out with great caution. The reform of the political system is different from the reform of the economic system, in that even if mistakes are made in the reform of the economic system, generally speaking, they do not lead to an irreparable situation. The political system reform is different!

Mistakes in political system reform can lead to global mistakes, which can lead to national disasters. The 17th National Congress emphasized that political system reform must adhere to the correct direction. China's democracy is socialist democracy, pursuing the idea that the people, who make up the vast majority of the population, are the masters of their own house.

At the present stage, such democracy requires the leadership of the Chinese working class and the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, the Chinese ****anufacturing Party. This is a major feature of Chinese-style democracy. Why is it necessary to have the leadership of the ****-producing party in contemporary Chinese democracy? This is determined by the nature and tasks of Chinese democracy. The realization of people's democracy requires the conscious awareness of the people, and the people's consciousness depends on the inspiration and guidance of the vanguard. The people need to be organized by the ****productivity party in order to gather into a vast army of revolution and construction, to complete the historic leap and achieve the glory of the nation.

The 17th National Congress has clearly described the path of China's future democratic political development. In my view, it can be summarized in three key points: steadily expanding orderly political participation, actively promoting political consultation and vigorously strengthening democratic supervision.

Political participation is an important element of democratic politics. Political participation occupies an important position in China's democratic political practice, and is an important way for the people to realize their democratic right to be masters of their own house under the leadership of the *** production party. There are various ways of political participation in China, such as democratic elections and opinion polls, through which the Party's governing strategy and the laws, regulations and policies of the regimes at all levels can accurately reflect and represent the fundamental interests of the people. Expanding orderly political participation is now the focus of China's democratic political construction and political system reform, and it is believed that after the 17th National Congress, new steps will be taken in this area and new explorations will be carried out.

Maintaining orderliness is the key to realizing political participation under socialist democratic political conditions. Disorderly political participation has left a serious lesson in the history of democratic political practice in China. "In the Cultural Revolution, "big democracy" was practiced, and the "revolutionary masses" swept away all the "cow ghosts and snakes", resulting in great social chaos. As a result, there was great social chaos. Such a lesson deserves to be carefully studied and learned in the present and future construction of democratic politics in China. Looking at the "Cultural Revolution" from the perspective of political participation, the mistake was not so much that the masses "cared about the affairs of state," but rather that their political participation was disorganized. "The consequences of the disorganized, non-hierarchical political participation of the Cultural Revolution warn us that effective, orderly political participation must be hierarchical. This is an important lesson.

One of the basic relationships to be dealt with in modern forms of democracy, i.e., indirect democracy, is the relationship between the "elite" and the "masses". Democracy requires the political participation of the people, especially the broadest and most ordinary people have the right to participate, but the question is how such participation is carried out. The asymmetry of information and experience and the limitations of interests objectively limit the scope and capacity of the people's political participation, and this is what we must consider when we talk about democracy and political participation. And now these issues seem to be seldom mentioned or even not taken into account, which is not OK.

The principles of hierarchical political participation should be: direct relevance, adequacy of information and relevance of responsibility. Due to the existence of information asymmetry, experience asymmetry, and interest limitations in social life, political participation must be hierarchical. That is to say: to distinguish between different political affairs, according to the principle of direct relevance of interests, information adequacy, and obvious impact of the results to guide the strong relevance of the groups and representatives of the political participation of the hierarchy, while the interests of those who are more indirectly related to the situation of the situation, and the results of the impact of the groups, in principle, should not be involved. Mastering the principles of direct relevance, adequacy of information and relevance of responsibility not only guarantees the people's right to participate in the political life of the country in general, but also prevents the ineffectiveness and confusion of participation.

Political consultation is a fine tradition and a major advantage of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics. Compared with competitive elections, political consultation is conducive to the coordination and integration of the interests of different interest groups, the resolution of differences and confrontations between interest groups, and the formation and realization of the overall interests of society. Especially in countries in the process of industrialization and modernization, where social interests are changing rapidly and the economic and social structure is in flux, political consultation is a more suitable and advantageous form of democracy.

Democratic supervision is one of the important forms of democratic politics, and is an important manifestation of the people's exercise of democratic rights. Especially in China's socialist market economy, democratic supervision as an important form of democratic politics is more prominent. Democratic supervision is a fundamental method of ensuring that the powers vested by the people in the ruling party, the organs of state power and the organs of government do not deteriorate, and that power is used by the people and benefits are sought by the people. In a certain sense, democratic supervision is the key to the development of democratic politics in China at this stage. Only by practicing effective democratic supervision can other forms of democracy be truly effective.

The 17th National Congress has drawn a blueprint for the future reform of China's political system. Practice is the test of truth, and practice is the driving force behind the development of democratic politics and all undertakings. I believe that along the direction pointed out by the 17th National Congress, through active and steady reform of the political system, China's democratic politics will continue to develop, and make new achievements in exploring the road of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, and make a greater contribution to the political civilization of mankind.

Political participation occupies an important position in China's democratic political practice, and is an important way for the people to realize their democratic right to be masters of their own house under the leadership of the ****anufacturing party. There are various ways of political participation in China, such as democratic election, opinion polls, etc. Through these forms, the party's governing strategy and the laws, regulations and policies of all levels of power can accurately reflect and represent the fundamental interests of the people. Expanding orderly political participation is now the focus of China's democratic political construction and political system reform, and it is believed that after the 17th National Congress, new steps will be taken in this area and new explorations will be carried out.

Maintaining orderliness is the key to realizing political participation under socialist democratic political conditions. Disorderly political participation has left a serious lesson in the history of democratic political practice in China. "In the Cultural Revolution, "big democracy" was practiced, and the "revolutionary masses" swept away all the "cow ghosts and snakes", resulting in great social chaos. As a result, there was great social chaos. Such a lesson deserves to be carefully studied and learned in the present and future building of democratic politics in China. Looking at the "Cultural Revolution" from the perspective of political participation, the mistake was not so much that the masses "cared about the affairs of state," but rather that their political participation was disorganized. "The consequences of the disorganized, non-hierarchical political participation of the Cultural Revolution warn us that effective, orderly political participation must be hierarchical. This is an important lesson.

One of the basic relationships to be dealt with in modern forms of democracy, i.e., indirect democracy, is the relationship between the "elite" and the "masses". Democracy requires the political participation of the people, especially the broadest and most ordinary people have the right to participate, but the question is how such participation is carried out. The asymmetry of information and experience and the limitations of interests objectively limit the scope and capacity of the people's political participation, and this is what we must consider when we talk about democracy and political participation. And now these issues seem to be seldom mentioned or even not considered, which is not OK.

The principles of hierarchical political participation should be: direct relevance, adequacy of information and relevance of responsibility. Due to the existence of information asymmetry, experience asymmetry, and interest limitations in social life, political participation must be hierarchical. That is to say: to distinguish between different political affairs, according to the principle of direct relevance of interests, information adequacy, and obvious impact of the results to guide the strong relevance of the groups and representatives of the political participation of the hierarchy, while the interests of those who are more indirectly related to the situation of the situation, and the results of the impact of the groups, in principle, should not be involved. Mastering the principles of direct relevance, adequacy of information and relevance of responsibility not only guarantees the people's right to participate in the political life of the country in general, but also prevents the ineffectiveness and confusion of participation.

Political consultation is a fine tradition and a major advantage of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics. Compared with competitive elections, political consultation is conducive to the coordination and integration of the interests of different interest groups, the resolution of differences and confrontations between interest groups, and the formation and realization of the overall interests of society. Especially in countries in the process of industrialization and modernization, where social interests are changing rapidly and the economic and social structure is in flux, political consultation is a more suitable and advantageous form of democracy.

Democratic supervision is one of the important forms of democratic politics, and is an important manifestation of the people's exercise of democratic rights. Especially in China's socialist market economy, democratic supervision as an important form of democratic politics is more prominent. Democratic supervision is a fundamental method of ensuring that the powers vested by the people in the ruling party, the organs of state power and the organs of government do not deteriorate, and that power is used by the people and benefits are sought by the people. In a certain sense, democratic supervision is the key to the development of democratic politics in China at this stage. Only by practicing effective democratic supervision can other forms of democracy be truly effective.

The 17th National Congress has drawn a blueprint for the future reform of China's political system. Practice is the test of truth, and practice is the driving force behind the development of democratic politics and all undertakings. I believe that along the direction pointed out by the 17th National Congress, through active and steady reform of the political system, China's democratic politics will continue to develop, and new achievements will be made in the exploration of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, so as to make greater contributions to the political civilization of mankind.