What are the 5,000-year-old cultures in China?

China traditional culture is a kind of folk culture that reflects the characteristics and features of the people and the nation. Folk culture is the overall expression of various ideological cultures and forms in the history of the people and the nation. It refers to a culture created by the people of China, ethnic groups and their ancestors living in China, inherited and developed from generation to generation by the people of China and ethnic groups, with distinctive folk and ethnic characteristics, a long history, profound connotations and excellent traditions. It is the crystallization of thousands of years' civilization of China people and nationalities. Besides the core content of Confucianism and family culture, it also contains other cultural forms, such as Taoism, family culture, Buddhism and religious culture.

After the Han and Tang Dynasties, China spread and unified culture, including Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, thought, writing, painting, architecture and sculpture. , introduced to Japan and other countries, such as Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and Lu Wang's Neo-Confucianism, thus forming Japan and Japan's Zhuzi studies and Yangming studies. In the Tang Dynasty, when Jian Zhen went to the Western Ocean, China's Buddhism, religious culture and sculpture spread to Japan, and Japan spread to Japan in large quantities. This time, envoys of the Tang Dynasty, such as Kibi No Asomi Makibi, Konghai monk and Abe Zhongma Road, were sent to China to study the culture of China. In this way, Japanese characters and buildings are deeply influenced by China culture. In China and China, the most influential is Korean culture, especially Confucianism, family thought and practical learning thought after Ming and Qing Dynasties. If people don't know that Li Tuixi, Cao Nanming, Li, Hong, Ding Ruoyong and others are philosophers in North Korea and China, it is difficult to judge the nationality of the authors just by looking at their works. South Korea and China are called Confucianism and religion in western countries.

The Han nationality created splendid culture and art in ancient times with distinctive features. No matter in politics, politics, military, philosophy, economy, history, natural science, literature, art and other fields, there are many far-reaching representatives and works. The Western Zhou Dynasty formed a perfect cultural achievement, that is, the culture of rites and music. The etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty is very complicated. According to "Zhou Li", there are five rites: Ji Li, Fierce Li, Wu Li, Bin Li and Etiquette. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, music was attached great importance, and there were special posts and officials to manage it. Music officials were also recorded in the bronze inscription. Da Wu and Zhou Dynasty Music and Dance were written by Zhou Wuwang Shang Ke. Six relatively perfect arts of teaching, education, control and education, such as courtesy, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics, are the cultural and educational contents of the nobles in Zhou Dynasty. China's earliest classics, such as Zhouyi, Shangshu, The Book of Songs, Zhou Li and Jing Yue, are recorded.

Agricultural culture: agriculture, agriculture, righteousness and hoes.

Palace culture, royal studies.

Hundred schools of thought contend:

Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Xunzi; Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith; Mean value)

Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi; Morality, inaction, freedom)

Mohist school (Mozi, Mozi, universal love);

Legalists (Han Fei, Li Si, Han Feizi);

Famous artists (Deng, Hui Shi, Gong Sun);

Yin and yang family (Zou Yan, Wuxing, Jin Mu fire and water soil);

Strategists (Guiguzi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Warring States Policy);

Sage (Lv Buwei) (Lv Chunqiu);

Farmhouse;

Novelist;

Military strategist;

Physician;

Qin: flute, erhu, guzheng, flute, drum, guqin and pipa. Molly.

Ten famous songs: Mountain Flowing Water, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, Three Alleys of Plum Blossoms, House of Flying Daggers, Flute and Drum at Sunset, Eighteen Beats of Hu Family, Autumn Moon in Han Palace, Chun Xue and The Fisherman's Question and Answer.

Chess: China Chess, China Weiqi, chess, chess pieces, chessboards, etc.

Books (calligraphy, seal cutting): China's calligraphy, seal cutting, Four Treasures of the Study (pen, ink, inkstone, rice paper), woodcut watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen, Han bamboo slips, vertical thread-bound books, Chinese characters, etc.

Painting (painting): Chinese painting (landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting, figure painting, freehand painting, etc. ), modern Chinese painting (China abstract oil painting, China abstract Chinese painting, etc. ), other (interior painting), etc. Dunhuang murals; Eight horse diagrams, Tai Chi diagrams (Tai Chi), etc.

Zodiac: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig.

Traditional literature: ancient myths, the Book of Songs, Han Yuefu, folk songs of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chu Ci, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, Tang poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu, Ming novels and four classical novels.

Traditional thoughts: Laozi and Zhuangzi and Taoism, family learning thoughts, Confucianism, family learning thoughts, Buddhism, learning thoughts, Qi Jiguang's practice and military thoughts.

Traditional festivals: Lantern Festival, Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival (Zongzi, Dragon Boat Race, Qu Yuan), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Laba Festival (New Year's Eve, red envelopes, reunion dinner), New Year's Eve, Spring Festival (January Festival) and so on.

China's plays: Kunqu Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Peking Opera, Shadow Play, Yue Opera, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Peking Opera Mask, Kunqu Opera, Local Opera, etc.

China architecture: the Great Wall, archways, gardens, temples, clocks, towers, temples, pavilions, wells, stone lions, houses, Qin bricks, Han tiles, terracotta warriors and horses, etc.

Chinese characters: Chinese characters, couplets, riddles (riddles), two-part allegorical sayings, idioms, echoes, wine orders, etc.

Traditional Chinese Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangdi Neijing, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Pulse Meridian, Compendium of Materia Medica, Qianjinfang, etc.

Religious philosophy: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, yin and yang, five elements, compass, gossip, Sina, magic weapon, fortune telling and Zen; Burn incense, worship Buddha, light candles, etc.

Folk arts and crafts: paper-cutting, kites, Chinese embroidery, etc. ), Chinese knots, clay figurines, dragon and phoenix patterns (gluttonous patterns, ruyi patterns, thunder patterns, palindromes, Ba patterns), auspicious clouds patterns, Chengcheng, Melaleuca, eaves, vultures, etc.

China Wushu: Nanquan: Wing Chun Boxing, Hong Boxing, Bagua Palm, Cai Lifo Boxing, etc. Beitui, Shaolin, Wudang, Emei, Kongtong, Kunlun, Diancangshan, Huashan, Qingcheng and Songshan.

Regional culture: Middle-earth culture, Jiangnan culture, Jiangnan water town, Saibei Lingnan, desert customs, Mongolian grassland, the ends of the earth, the Central Plains and so on.

Folk customs: etiquette, marriage (matchmaker, elder), funeral (mourning, paper money), sacrifice (ancestor); Door gods, New Year pictures, firecrackers, jiaozi, etc.

Clothing: Hanfu (Han nationality), Tang suit (collar robe of Han nationality), miao clothing (Miao nationality), Uygur suit (Uygur nationality), embroidered shoes, old tiger's head shoes, fake Tang suit (Manchu mandarin jacket), cheongsam (Manchu), Chinese-style chest covering (Manchu), hat, crown, queen rockhopper and silk. China biography, unified clothing Hanfu, etc.

Four elegant operas: flowers, birds, insects, fish, peony, plum blossom, osmanthus flower, lotus birdcage, bonsai carp and so on.

Four great inventions: gunpowder, compass, papermaking and movable type printing.

Animals and plants: flowers, birds, insects, fish, peony, plum blossom, osmanthus, lotus, birdcage, bonsai, carp; Dragon, phoenix, wolf, unicorn, tiger, leopard, crane, turtle, giant panda ...; Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. Pine, cypress, etc.

Paraphernalia: jade (Yu Pei, jade carving ...) porcelain, cloisonne, China lacquerware, painted pottery, teapot, batik, ancient weapons (armor, broadsword, sword, etc. ), bronzes, antiques (copper coins, etc. ), Ding, Jin Yuanbao, Ruyi, candlestick, red lantern (palace lantern, gauze lantern), rickshaw, etc.

Cooking: seven things to do when going out: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea; Wine and tea ceremony; Eating culture, Chinese food, eight cuisines (Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Huizhou), jiaozi, reunion dinner, New Year's Eve dinner, rice cakes, Mid-Autumn moon cakes and chopsticks; Shark's fin, bear's paw, etc.

Tool skills: abacus and abacus, textile processing, etc.

Art and culture: folk music, Quyi, Sanxingdui culture, etc.

Traditional virtues: filial piety to parents, three friends at the age of cold, honesty and trustworthiness, respect for teachers and respect for education.

China cultural relics: Simuwu Fang Ding, Gou Jianjian, Liangzhu Meiyu, Changxin Palace Lantern, Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Emperor's Mausoleum, bells chimed by Zeng Houyi, jade clothes, bronze galloping horses, Yongle Bell, ancient coins, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, etc.

China architecture: Forbidden City, Summer Palace, Potala Palace, Suzhou Garden, Hangzhou Garden, Shili Pavilion, Great Wall, Temple of Heaven, Bird's Nest, Water Cube, etc.

Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, loyalty, filial piety, sadness, restraint, forgiveness, courage and tolerance; Chyi Chin's calligraphy and painting, three religions and nine streams, 360 lines, four great inventions, folk taboos, loyal service to the country, bamboo, folk songs, loess, Yangtze River, Yellow River and red moon.

Zodiac: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig. Farmhouse, peasant uprising, hoe; Court officials, government, court culture, royal studies.

Hundred schools of thought contend:

1. Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Xunzi; Thought: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith; Four books: The Doctrine of the Mean, University, Mencius and The Analects of Confucius)

2. Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi; Thought: morality, inaction, freedom)

3. Mohist school (Mozi, Mozi, thought: universal love, non-attack, virtue, frugality)

4. Legalists (Han Fei, Li Si, Han Feizi thought: centralized monarchy, governing the country according to law)

5. Famous artists (Deng, Hui Shi, Gong Sun)

6. Yin and Yang Family (Zou Yan, Wuxing, Jinmushui, Fire and Earth)

7. Strategists (Gui Guzi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Warring States Policy)

8. Sage (Lv Buwei's Lv Chunqiu)

9. Novelists (Wu Cheng'en The Journey to the West, Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions) Shi Naian (Water Margin)

10. Military strategists (Sun Bin's "Sun Bin Soldiers, Fa") Sun Wu's "Sun Zi Bing, Fa" thought, that: know yourself and know yourself, invincible troops and things all come from this book. Get ready before the war.

1 1. Physician (Bian Que, Chun Yuyi, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao, Bing Wang, Zhang Congzheng, Zhu Zhenheng, Li Shizhen, Zhang Jingyue)

Chyi Chin calligraphy and painting:

Flute, erhu, guzheng, flute, drum, guqin and pipa. Jasmine, Top Ten Famous Songs (Liushan, Guangling San, Pingsha Goose, Plum Blossom Three Alleys, House of Flying Ambush, Evening Flute Drum, Hujia Eighteen Beats, Autumn Moon in Han Palace, Chun Xue, Fisherman's Questions and Answers); China chess, China Go, chess, chess pieces, chessboard; China calligraphy, seal cutting, Four Treasures of the Study (pen, ink, inkstone, rice paper), woodcut watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen, Han bamboo slips, vertical binding books; Chinese painting, landscape painting, freehand brushwork; Dunhuang murals; Eight horses, Tai Chi (Tai Chi).

Traditional literature: mainly refers to poetry and music.

The Book of Songs, Han Yuefu, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, Pre-Qin Poetry, Han Fu, Tang Poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu, Ming Novel, Four Classical Novels (A Dream of the Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin), Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

Traditional festivals:

There are nearly 50 traditional festivals of Han nationality and ethnic minorities. The following are 15 major festivals: Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), Flower Festival (Flower Festival), Shangsi Festival (Daughter's Day), Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival, Zhongyuan Festival (Ghost Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter solstice Festival, Laba Festival, and Kitchen Festival (off-year).

Chinese poetry: ancient poems, metrical poems, quatrains, modern poems, untitled poems, self-directed songs (words), biographies, unified poems, etc.

China Drama: Chaozhou Opera, Kunqu Opera, xiang opera Opera, Peking Opera, Henan Opera, Shadow Play, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Cantonese Opera, Ancient Painting Opera, Baling Opera, Puppet Opera | Peking Opera Mask.

China architecture: the Great Wall, arches, gardens, temples, clocks, towers, temples, pavilions, wells, stone lions, houses, Qin bricks, Han tiles, Terracotta Warriors and Horses, and the Forbidden City. ...

Chinese characters: Chinese characters, couplets, riddles (riddles), two-part allegorical sayings, idioms, echoes, wine orders, etc. ...

Traditional Chinese Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangdi Neijing, Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Classics, Pulse Classics, Compendium of Materia Medica, Qianjinfang, Shennong Herbal Classics, Treatise on Febrile Diseases.

Religious philosophy: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, yin and yang, five elements, compass, gossip, Sina, magic weapon, fortune telling, Zen, Buddhism, Guanyin, and Taishang Laojun; Burn incense, worship Buddha and light candles.

Folk handicrafts: Chaozhou embroidery, paper-cutting, kite, Chinese embroidery, etc. ), Chinese knots, clay figurines, dragon and phoenix patterns (gluttonous patterns, ruyi patterns, thunder patterns, palindromes and ba patterns), auspicious clouds patterns, chengyan, Melaleuca, eaves and vultures.

China Wushu: Tai Ji Chuan, Wing Chun Quan, Nanquan Beitui, Shaolin, Wudang, Emei, Kongtong, Kunlun, Diancang Mountain, Huashan, Qingcheng and Songshan Mountain.

Regional culture: Chaoshan culture, Middle-earth culture, Jiangnan culture, Jiangnan water town, Saibei Lingnan, desert customs, Mongolian grassland, Tianya Haijiao, Zhongyuan and Baling culture. ...

Folk customs: etiquette, marriage, marriage (matchmaker, old moon), funeral, burial (mourning clothes, paper money), sacrifice (ancestor worship); Door gods, New Year pictures, firecrackers, glutinous rice balls, jiaozi.

Clothing and accessories: ancient costumes, modern Hanfu, Chinese tunic suit, Tang suit and cheongsam influenced by other ethnic groups, costumes of various ethnic minorities, various traditional and modern accessories, shoes and hats, etc., which began in the Yellow Emperor and were prepared in Yaoshun.

Four elegant operas: flowers, birds, insects, fish, peony, plum blossom, osmanthus and lotus birdcage, bonsai carp.

Animals and plants: dragon, phoenix, wolf, unicorn, tiger, leopard, crane, turtle, giant panda ...; Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. Pine and cypress

Antique cultural relics: jade (Yu Pei, jade carving ...) porcelain, cloisonne, China lacquerware, painted pottery, teapot, batik, ancient weapons (armor, broadsword, sword, etc. ), bronzes, antiques (copper coins, etc. ), Ding, Jin Yuanbao, Ruyi, candlestick, red lantern (palace lantern, gauze lantern), rickshaw.

Cooking: seven things to do when going out: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea; Wine and tea ceremony; Eat culture, Chinese food, eight cuisines (Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Huizhou), jiaozi, glutinous rice balls, reunion dinner, New Year's Eve dinner, rice cakes, Mid-Autumn moon cakes and chopsticks; Shark fin and bear's paw ...

Legends and myths: Goddess fills the sky, Pangu opens the sky, Houyi shoots the sun, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Kuafu, Jingwei fills the sea, Qinglong White Tiger and Suzaku Xuanwu. ...

Ghosts: gods, monsters, ghosts, ghosts, Jade Emperor, Yan Luowang, black and white impermanence, Meng Po, Naihe Bridge. ...

Traditional music:

The division of traditional music was first seen in the Introduction to National Music compiled by China Conservatory of Music, which can be divided into five categories: songs, song and dance music, rap music, opera and instrumental music. However, most colleges and universities incorporate song and dance music into folk songs in their teaching, so it becomes four categories: folk songs, national instrumental music, folk art (that is, "rap") music and opera music.

Mr. Du divided China traditional music into folk music, literati music, religious music, court music and court music. Among them, folk music includes folk songs, national instrumental music, national songs and dances, opera music and rap music; Literati music includes guqin music, poetry chanting and literati self-tuning; Religion and teaching music include Buddhism, teaching music, Taoism, teaching music, foundation, supervision, teaching music, Iraq, Sri Lanka, Poland, teaching music, Saskatchewan, Manchu, Christianity and other religions and teaching music; Court music includes sacrificial ceremonies, sacrificial music, court music, welcome entertainment and banquet music.

China Traditional Opera;

"Four Major Tunes" of China Traditional Opera

Four-tone cavity, brilliant, has an influence on traditional Chinese opera;

Kunshan dialect has undergone artistic improvement and creation.

Yiyang dialect, with strong sense of rhythm, white rolling and high pitch;

Bangzi, with a loud and bitter voice, is skillfully used.

Pi Huangqiang, two in one, called Huang Er, and Xipi;

Xipigang was suppressed by Huang Er and later developed into Peking Opera.

Typical vocal cavities are Kunshan cavity, Yiyang cavity, Bangzi cavity and Pi Huangqiang cavity.

China couplets:

Couplets, also known as couplets or couplets, are antithetical sentences written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns. They are concise, profound, neat and even, and are a unique artistic form of Chinese language. According to legend, couplets originated from Meng Changjun, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. It is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.

Couplets originated in the Qin Dynasty and were called Fu Tao in ancient times. With regard to the earliest couplets in China, Mr. Tan Chan-xue wrote in the fourth issue of Knowledge of Literature and History 199 1 that the earliest couplets in China appeared in the Tang Dynasty.

Duality, the antithesis in metrical poems. This style of poetry, also known as modern poetry, was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty, but its origin began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Cao Wei period, he wrote ten volumes of the Sound and five volumes of the Rhyme, which separated the clear and turbid sound from the palace, the merchants, the horns, the zither and Yu. In addition, Sun Yan also wrote Er Ya Yi Yin, using the method of anti-tangent phonetic notation. He is the founder of arc tangent.

China's traditional culture should include: ancient prose, poetry, music, fu, folk music, folk drama, folk art, Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shot put, drinkers' wager game and two-part allegorical sayings. Traditional and traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month (Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th, Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, Chinese Valentine's Day on July 7th, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, Lunar New Year's Eve and various folk customs. The natural sciences in ancient China, including the calendar tradition, the traditional cultures of various regions, ethnic minorities and nationalities living in the big family of China people and nationalities, are also part of the traditional culture of China.