The History of the Japanese Songwriting Industry

I. The History of Japanese Anime Music

Traditional Music Ancient Music of Japan From the 5th to the 9th centuries, the Japanese have long had their own musical culture inherent.

Although the music of the early Jomon, Yayoi, and Kofun eras has not been handed down, the Japanese had their own songs, dances, and musical instruments in ancient times, according to archaeological data and documents compiled in the 8th century, such as the Kojiki (Chronicle of Ancient Matters), Nihonshoki (Chronicle of the Book of Nippon), and Manyoshu (Collected Works of the Ten Thousand Leaves). Ancient wagashi Zhang 5-stringed smaller than 6-stringed wagashi, ancient flute has bamboo pipe flute and spherical stone flute, pottery flute.

Dudumei drums have cylindrical bells. The bells are made of metal, pottery and wood.

Bells were used as both musical instruments and ornaments at that time. Duo appeared around the 1st century B.C. The shape of copper duo was different from the Chinese bell and duo.

The basic types of musical instruments were already complete in ancient Japan. After entering an agricultural society, there were the first gagaki (also known as sasara), in which men and women met to sing and dance, as well as the music and dance of witches.

Japan has a long history of musical and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and cultural exchanges with Asia and Europe were mainly through Korea and China. Bronzes were imported and tongdos appeared in BC.

Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo music were introduced to Japan from the Korean Peninsula in the second half of the 5th century to the 7th century, and are known in Japan as the "Three Korean Music". In the early 7th century, in order to revitalize Buddhism, Prince Shotoku encouraged the introduction of mainland music, and had Akemi Mochizuki of Baekje settle in Sakurai, Yamato, and teach kabuki to young Japanese boys (Manojo Shouji's disciples, Shinkansai Fumi, and others) to teach kabuki music to Japanese youngsters (Shinnojo's disciples, Shinkansai, and others).

Kabuki music, also known as Wu music, is played with flutes, drums (also known as Wu drums), and cymbals. In the 7th to 8th centuries, music from the Sui and Tang dynasties in China was introduced to Japan.

In 701, according to the Daiho Ritual, the Yakura Ryu was established under the administration of the Ministry of Governance, and was responsible for traditional Japanese music and dance called Waku, as well as foreign music and dance, and in 752, at the opening of the Great Buddha at Todaiji Temple, the Yakura Ryu, along with hundreds of musicians and dancers from all the temples performed traditional Japanese music and dance as well as Sankhankaku, Togakure, Sangakure, Rinyeakure, and Doroakure, etc.

This was the first time that the Yakura Ryu had been established in Japan.

This shows that professional musicians had already begun to appear in Japan.

The white notes in the score are the core notes of the modes. The rhythms are divided into fixed-beat rhythms (basically two beats) and broken rhythms.

The method of singing and playing is unique and emphasizes the nuances of tone. Modern music

In 1868, Japan entered the period of the Meiji Restoration, and Japanese music entered the modern stage of development.

Its basic characteristic is that Japan rapidly drew on European and American music culture, resulting in the coexistence of "bonhomie" (traditional music) and "yokai" music, which continues to this day. The traditional music of this period changed a lot.

In 1871, the abolition of the Dangdao, a professional organization for the blind, and the banning of the Puhua Sect led to the popularization of koto and shakuhachi music. The Satsuma biwa and the Chikuzen biwa, which were derived from the blind monk's biwa, were introduced to Tokyo from the Kyushu region and spread throughout the country.

The court yagura, supported by the new regime, gradually recovered and expanded its influence. In the 1920s, traditional music was further developed through the New Japanese Music Movement, initiated by Michio Miyagi and others, which used traditional Japanese instruments and borrowed from Western European classical music compositional techniques to create new compositions.

His duet for koto and shakuhachi, Sea of Spring (1929), was a great success. The seventeen-string koto created by Michio Miyagi was one of the great achievements of the time in the reform of traditional instruments.

Since the mid-1950s, composers have been working to create modern bonhomie using traditional instruments. Among them, Minoru Miki contributed to the development of Japanese instrumental genres, giving modernity and vitality to Japanese traditional music.

Some of the more influential bongo groups include the Nippon Music Group, chaired by Minoru Miki and Katsuhoshi Nagasawa, and the Bongo Society of Four, which is comprised of shakuhachi players such as Hiruyama Kitahara and others. Their musical practice has brought a new wind to the world of Bangle, and created the conditions for filling the gap between Bangle and Western music.

The earliest European and American music introduced to Japan during the Meiji period was military music, and in 1872, Japan *** began to introduce the European and American music education system, providing for the establishment of a music program in elementary and secondary schools; in October 1879, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology set up the Music Research Institute (later known as the Tokyo School of Music, and now known as the Faculty of Music of the Tokyo University of the Arts), which was run by the principal of the Tokyo Normal School, Shuji Izawa.

From then on, the training of music teachers and the compilation of music textbooks for primary and secondary schools were on track, and professional music education took shape. The first fruits of Japanese music creation in the early 20th century were marked by the school songs "Hana" (1900) and "Arakaki no Tsuki" (1901), written by the famous composer Rentaro Taki.

Japanese musical creations before 1912 were almost exclusively songs. By the Taisho period (1912~1926), Koushiro Yamada was the first to compose orchestral pieces for large orchestra, such as Mandala Flower (1913).

From the 1920s, the creation of foreign musical genres such as solo songs, choral pieces, instrumental solos, and symphonic music gradually dominated Japanese musical culture, and the New Symphony Orchestra, the predecessor of the Japan Broadcasting Association's (or NHK) Symphony Orchestra, began public performances from February 1927 onwards. The National Music Association, founded in the same year, organized choral competitions and promoted amateur music activities throughout the country.

On the eve of World War II, 270 groups *** joined the association, and there were 3,800 wind bands *** nationwide. Composers already known at that time included Saburo Morii and Tomojiro Ikeuchi, who had made a name for themselves in professional music education, and self-taught composers such as Akiyoshi Minasaku, Koji Kiyose, Yorinori Matsudaira, Fumio Hayasaka, Akira Ifukube, and Akira Sugawara, who emphasized their national identities.

During the Second World War, Japan was under militaristic rule, and normal musical activity was decimated. From 1938 onwards, foreign musicians' performance activities in Japan were interrupted.1.

Second, the Japanese song industry performance song BIG3 (three big players)

都はるみ（都春美 Harumi Miyako）Japanese song industry has a famous performance song BIG3 Shimakura Chiyoko, Ishikawa Sakuri, all Harumi However, there is not a lot of information.

Harumi Miyako (都はるみ), real name Kitamura Harumi (北村春美), was born on February 2, 1948 in Kyoto Prefecture. She won the 14th Colombian National Song Contest in 1963.

She made her debut in 1964 with the hit song "困るのことョ"("困るのことョ"). In the same year, the song "Anko Tsubaki or Love Flower" (アンコ椿は恋の花), with lyrics by Tetsuro Hoshino and music by Akisuke Ichikawa, sold millions of copies.

And won the New Artist Award at the 6th Japan Record Awards.

Taking advantage of this, Harumi made her debut in NHK's Red and White Song Contest. In 1976, she won both the Japan Record Prize and the Japan Song Prize for her song "Kita no Juku Kara" (北の宿から) (translated as "Hotel from the North").

In 1980, "Osaka Shigure" (大阪しぐれ) was honored with the Japan Record Grand Prix for the most outstanding vocal performance. It was the first triple win in the history of the record awards.

In 1984, he retired from the stage after singing "Couple Saka" at the NHK Red and White Song Contest. In 1987, he began working as a music producer.

In 1990, he resumed his activities as a singer. He held a singer's comeback concert at NHK Hall.

In the same year, the single album "Otaru Yell? The same year, he released the single album "Otaru Yell", and started traveling around the country, singing at an average of seventy places a year. In 1991, the first open-air concert was held. 1992, the 100th single album was released, "Tsunku Shimbo" (Chinese translation: 荆菜芽). 1993, "あなたの隣りを歩きたい"(Chinese translation: "I want to follow you next to you") was released. 1994, the single album, "Kudo Easy", was released. 1996, "Singing for the Sky, Singing for the Earth, Singing for the Human Beings", was held in Nissan theater. 1998, "Singing for the Heaven, Singing for the Earth, Singing for the Human Beings" was released. In 1998, he collaborated with Madoka Michiura on the single album "Evil Sect". 1999, after 16 years, he appeared on the silver screen again in Toho Pictures "ビッグショー! Hawaii" (ハワイに呗えば), a large-scale program! (If you can sing in Hawaii) 2000 The last single of the 20th century, Scattered Flowers, was completed 2001 The first single of the 21st century, Sunset Saka, was released 2002 The single Kusatsu no Eki (晩秋の駅) was released at the same time as Guibang no Fate (貴方の命) In 2003, she celebrated the 40th anniversary of her career with the release of Mukashi (ムカシ)://baike.baidu/ view/2212945.

Third, what does the Japanese Jiki-Song refer to

Hello! Kiki-Gyoji is a song recorded in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, and it is written in the form of five or seven lines, with a mixture of four or six lines. The songs in the Kiki-Gyosai are accompanied by stories and legends, and the content of the songs, which are mostly about legendary figures, includes love songs, elegiac songs, songs about hearing each other, songs about toasting, songs about blessing, and Rakugo songs. In the form of chanting, the various characteristics of oral chanting are clearly presented. The emergence of the Kiki-gyo reflects the transition from the primitive to the standardized Japanese waka.

By the way, let's introduce the Kojiki and Nihonshoki. The book is divided into three volumes. The first volume is mainly about ancient myths and has a high literary quality; the middle volume is about the historical legends of the founding of the country from the first emperor, Emperor Jimmu, to the fifteenth emperor. The lower volume goes all the way up to the thirty-third emperor. The whole book is a transition from myth and legend to real history, and is written in a variant of the Chinese language with a mixture of sound and training, and more than a hundred of the songs are recorded in what was later called the "Manyo Kana".

The Nihon Shoki is the earliest official history of Japan, the first of the six histories, and was originally called the Nihon Ki. Compiled by Prince Shugenin and others, completed in 720 AD (4 years old). It describes the history of the Shinto era and even the era of Emperor Jotsu. Thirty volumes, written in Chinese and chronological style. The genealogy is in one volume, and the genealogy is now lost.

I hope you can help!

IV Who is the most famous Japanese star now

historically or now?

Historically, the eternal Yoshinaga Sayuri should be counted as one, and then the representative of Japan, Mikono Yumichika.

Now then the synthesis should be Nakama Yukie or Tenkai Yuhi, if the simple star is not limited to the world of acting that is now the most famous is Asada Mao, that is, figure skating that.

Male. I don't know about the history. I remember one that broke into the American mainstream, but I forget who it was.

And then there's Michiya Mihashi, the heavyweight of Japanese songwriting? Otherwise the current Gosamis are still feisty too, and I read a while back that B'Z won a Grammy.

Nowadays, the survey is usually Fukuyama Masaharu, Kuwata Yoshitomo (Southern Gunstar, one of the Royal Three) and Arashi take turns at number one, right?

So in fact, not just acting then should be イチロー (Suzuki Ichiro). The one who went to the United States to play professional baseball, was called by the United States of America hit-making machine = =||

That said, in Japan, baseball stars are very popular. In addition to Suzuki also, for example, that Dabishu have.

What is the Japanese term for a "jiki-gagaku"

Hello! The Jiki-gyoji refers to the ballads recorded in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, which are composed of five or seven lines, with a mixture of four or six lines.

The songs of the Shogi ballads were accompanied by stories and legends, and were recited in a strong sense, mostly about legendary figures, such as love songs, elegiac songs, songs about hearing each other, songs about toasting, songs about blessing, and Rakugo ballads. In the form of chanting, it is obvious that the various characteristics of oral chanting.

The emergence of the Shiki-gyoji ballads reflects the transition of Japanese waka from primitive to standardized. By the way, let's introduce the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki.

The Nihonshoki is the oldest book in Japan, written in 712 AD by Taian Manzou. The book is divided into three volumes.

The upper volume is mainly ancient myths, with high literary quality; the middle volume is the historical legend of the founding of the country from the first emperor, Emperor Shenmu, to the fifteenth emperor. The lower volume goes all the way to the thirty-third emperor.

The book is a gradual transition from myth and legend to real history, written in a variant of Chinese that mixes sound and training, with more than a hundred songs recorded in what came to be known as the "Manyo Kana".

Compiled by Prince Shugenin and others, completed in 720 AD (Pension 4). It describes the history of the Shinto era and even the era of Emperor Jotsu.

Thirty volumes, written in Chinese and chronological style. The genealogy is in one volume, and the genealogy is now lost.

I hope you can help!

Six, the history of the development of Japanese anime music

Traditional music Ancient Japanese music 5 ~ 9 century Japanese people have long been inherent in their own musical culture.

Although the music of the early Jomon period, Yayoi period, and Kofun period has not been handed down, but according to archaeological data and the 8th century compilation of the "Ancient Matters", "Nihon Shoki", "Manyoshu", and other documents, the Japanese people in ancient times already had their own songs, dances, and musical instruments. Ancient wagashi Zhang 5-stringed smaller than 6-stringed wagashi, ancient flute has bamboo pipe flute and spherical stone flute, pottery flute.

Dudumei drums have cylindrical bells. The bells are made of metal, pottery and wood.

Bells were used as both musical instruments and ornaments at that time. Duo appeared around the 1st century B.C. The shape of copper duo was different from the Chinese bell and duo.

The basic types of musical instruments were already complete in ancient Japan. After entering the agricultural society, there were the first gagaki (also known as sasara), in which men and women met to sing and dance, and the music and dance of witches.

Japan has a long history of musical and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and cultural exchanges with the Asian and European continents took place mainly through Korea and China. Bronzes were imported in the first century B.C., and tongduo appeared.

Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo music were introduced to Japan from the Korean Peninsula in the second half of the 5th century to the 7th century, and are known in Japan as the "Three Korean Music". In the early 7th century, in order to revitalize Buddhism, Prince Shotoku encouraged the introduction of mainland music, and had Akemi Mochizuki of Baekje settle in Sakurai, Yamato, and teach kabuki to young Japanese boys (Manojo Shouji's disciples, Shinkansai Fumi, and others) to teach kabuki music to Japanese youngsters (Shinnojo's disciples, Shinkansai, and others).

Kabuki music, also known as Wu music, is played with flutes, drums (also known as Wu drums), and cymbals. In the 7th to 8th centuries, music from the Sui and Tang dynasties in China was introduced to Japan.

In 701, according to the Daiho Ritual, the Yakura Ryu was established under the administration of the Ministry of Governance, and was responsible for traditional Japanese music and dance called Waku, as well as foreign music and dance, and in 752, at the opening of the Great Buddha at Todaiji Temple, the Yakura Ryu, along with hundreds of musicians and dancers from all the temples performed traditional Japanese music and dance as well as Sankhankaku, Togakure, Sangakure, Rinyeakure, and Doroakure, etc.

This was the first time that the Yakura Ryu had been established in Japan.

This shows that professional musicians had already begun to appear in Japan.

The white notes in the score are the core notes of the modes. The rhythms are divided into fixed-beat rhythms (basically two beats) and broken rhythms.

The method of singing and playing is unique and emphasizes the nuances of tone. Modern music

In 1868, Japan entered the period of the Meiji Restoration, and Japanese music entered the modern stage of development.

Its basic characteristic is that Japan rapidly drew on European and American music culture, resulting in the coexistence of "bonhomie" (traditional music) and "yokai" music, which continues to this day. The traditional music of this period changed a lot.

In 1871, the abolition of the Dangdao, a professional organization for the blind, and the banning of the Puhua Sect led to the popularization of koto and shakuhachi music. The Satsuma biwa and the Chikuzen biwa, both of which were derived from the blind monk's biwa, were introduced to Tokyo from the Kyushu area and spread throughout the country.

The court yagura, supported by the new regime, gradually recovered and expanded its influence. In the 1920s, traditional music was further developed through the New Japanese Music Movement, initiated by Michio Miyagi and others, which used traditional Japanese instruments and borrowed from Western European classical music compositional techniques to create new compositions.

His duet for koto and shakuhachi, Sea of Spring (1929), was a great success. The seventeen-string koto created by Michio Miyagi was one of the great achievements of the time in the reform of traditional instruments.

Since the mid-1950s, composers have been working to create modern bonhomie using traditional instruments. Among them, Minoru Miki contributed to the development of Japanese instrumental genres, giving modernity and vitality to Japanese traditional music.

Some of the more influential bongo groups include the Nippon Music Group, chaired by Minoru Miki and Katsuhoshi Nagasawa, and the Bongo Society of Four, which is comprised of shakuhachi players such as Hiruyama Kitahara and others. Their musical practice has brought a new wind to the world of Bangle, and created the conditions for filling the gap between Bangle and Western music.

The earliest European and American music introduced to Japan during the Meiji period was military music, and in 1872, Japan *** began to introduce the European and American music education system, providing for the establishment of a music program in elementary and secondary schools; in October 1879, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology set up the Music Research Institute (later known as the Tokyo School of Music, and now known as the Faculty of Music of the Tokyo University of the Arts), which was run by the principal of the Tokyo Normal School, Shuji Izawa.

From then on, the training of music teachers and the compilation of music textbooks for primary and secondary schools were on track, and professional music education took shape. The first fruits of Japanese music creation in the early 20th century were marked by the school songs "Hana" (1900) and "Arakaki no Tsuki" (1901), written by the famous composer Rentaro Taki.

Japanese musical creations before 1912 were almost exclusively songs. By the Taisho period (1912~1926), Koushiro Yamada was the first to compose orchestral pieces for large orchestra, such as Mandala Flower (1913).

From the 1920s, the creation of foreign musical genres such as solo songs, choral pieces, instrumental solos, and symphonic music gradually dominated Japanese musical culture, and the New Symphony Orchestra, the predecessor of the Japan Broadcasting Association's (or NHK) Symphony Orchestra, began public performances from February 1927 onwards. The National Music Association, founded in the same year, organized choral competitions and promoted amateur music activities throughout the country.

On the eve of World War II, 270 groups *** joined the association, and there were 3,800 wind bands *** nationwide. Composers already known at that time included Saburo Morii and Tomojiro Ikeuchi, who had made a name for themselves in professional music education, and self-taught composers such as Akiyoshi Minasaku, Koji Kiyose, Yorinori Matsudaira, Fumio Hayasaka, Akira Ifukube, and Akira Sugawara, who emphasized their national identities.

During the Second World War, Japan was under militaristic rule, and normal musical activity was decimated. From 1938 onwards, foreign musicians' performances in Japan were interrupted.1

The history of Japanese animation

Japanese animation has a history of seventy years, which can be categorized into six phases: First, the pre-war period The pre-war period - the period from the beginning of animation in Japan in 1917 to the defeat of the Japanese in 1945.

The early part of this period is mainly based on world famous novels, while the later part is due to the rampant militarism in Japan, so the animation theme is not away from the line of propaganda and boast of Japanese militarism. For example, the 1942 film "Sea of Soldiers" is of this kind.

But this also caused the battle, explosion painting skills progress, which is today's Japanese animation is the most proud of the technology. Second, the post-war exploration period The post-war exploration period - from the defeat of Japan to 1947.

After the defeat of Japan, some people in view of the lessons of the war, began to use anti-war themes in animation. This theme was far-reaching and is still quite popular to this day.

There were also those who tried different animation themes. So the themes of animation during this period ranged from the very meaningful to the very lowbrow.

An example of a success story is 1968's The Great Adventure of the Sun Prince, which became the basis for the high level of animation that followed. Of course there were also failures.

Like the 1970 "Invincible Iron Man" is a typical bad cartoon, not only violence and poor plot, which brought the bad influence of Japanese animation. Third, the theme to determine the period of the theme to determine its (the first outbreak of animation fever) - since 1974, "Battleship" staged until 1982.

During this period, the Japanese animation industry went through a period of exploration to determine the distinction between animation and cartoon. Cartoons are outside the scope of our discussion, so we won't comment on them.

Battlestar Galactica was the first super-drama in the history of Japanese animation, with a script and characters (Character Design) by Zerooshi Matsumoto. The movie was broadcast on television and created the "Zero Matsumoto Cyclone".

The film was followed by three other films, 窶冱 Battleship Mom, Yamato Forever, and Battleship Finale, which lasted for a decade. After that movie, Matsumoto had other popular works such as Galaxy Railroad 999 and The Queen of the Thousand Years.

Zero Matsumoto was followed by Yui Tomino's adaptation of the original novel, Sweeney Todd, which began its run in 1979 and was enthusiastically supported by anime fans due to its complex and tightly structured plot. The film's three subsequent movies were huge sellers.

But since then, the animation fever gradually faded, and the animation industry entered a hiatus. Fourth, the breakthrough period of drawing skills Drawing skills breakthrough period (the second outbreak of animation fever) - since 1982, "Super Space Fortress" (MACROSS) staged until 1987, the period due to the pursuit of visual enjoyment has become a trend, so the animation drawing skills to strive for breakthroughs.

The breakthroughs of this period include the innovative point-of-view fast-moving effect in MACROSS, which creates a great sense of motion; WINDY VALLEY and SKY CITY. The detailed and realistic backgrounds of "Mobile Suit Z" and "Mobile Suit ZZ" emphasized reflections and contrasts between light and dark, which contributed greatly to the later animation.

As the theme was set, the breakthroughs in drawing techniques led to the emergence of masterpieces. For example, from 1982 to 1984, "Super Space Fortress"; in 1984, "Valley of the Wind"; in 1985 and 1986, "Mobile Suit Z GUNDAM" and "GUNDAM ZZ"; and in 1986, "Castle in the Sky" and "Aryan", and many other good movies.

Japanese animation development to the end of this period (1987), the plot, content, drawing skills have reached a very high level. Thus, animation entered a period of maturity.

V. Route Differentiation Period Route differentiation period (maturity) - from 1987 to the early 1990s. When animation entered the maturity period, there were several good movies.

Such as the "Guru"; the film "Mobile Suit GUNDAM - Reverse Attack" and "Wang Li Cosmic Army"; and the first in the history of Japanese television to high school students and above as the main object of the literary animation series "together for a moment" and so on.

When Japanese animation reached this point, it was felt that the younger audience had been neglected for four or five years, and that it was time to consider an age line. So since the latter half of 1987, there has been a gradual decrease in the number of older animations on TV, and a shift to animated movies.

As a result, the current Japanese television can not find a few good movies, while the movie several sections of the situation. Sixth, the period of stylistic innovation The period of stylistic innovation - from 1993 to the present.

Japanese animation is becoming more and more mature in drawing techniques, production methods, conceptual design, began to pursue style innovation, trying to break through the original model, to perfect the skills, coupled with the concept of transcendence of time and space, to bring the audience a new sensory impact. The movie "Ghost In The Shell" (Ghost In The Shell) completely abandoned the previous animation bright and easy style, gloomy hundred depressing, cold with the fate of the confusion, and human beings in a high-tech society, but can not get rid of the uncertainty of the future of the uncertainty of the uncertainty and loneliness of the echo.

Produced by Hideaki Umino, TV's "New Century EVANGELION" chooses a completely different personality from the previous hot-blooded protagonists, autistic teenager Shinji, as its main character. In the seemingly ordinary monster *** wars, the defense of the Earth's plot, through the Shinji feel a desire to be needed, dream of being loved and fear of betrayal, and build barriers between themselves and others, which is all kinds of contradictions and lonely feelings, in a way, it is a very good story. In a way, this is a reflection of the modern human psyche. Today, at the end of the century, human beings are thinking y about themselves, and at the same time, Japanese animation has begun to pay more and more attention to the analysis of reality and psychology, and has changed from the original theme of universal love and friendship to a more humane portrayal.

All aspects of the Japanese animation has been perfected day by day, and did not stop the development of the footsteps, is still constantly self-improvement and breakthroughs, in the end, in the end, how much achievement, we can not be predicted, or let time to decide it! In 1983, the Japanese animation market appeared in the world's first "Original Video Animation" (referred to as OVA) - "DALLOS", for animation in the film, outside the TV market, opened up a new market - video market. OVA, as the name suggests, is not broadcast on TV or in the cinema, but only to sell the video.

Unless the film is a big hit, it can be upgraded to a movie by being made available in movie theaters.

OVAs have become an important market for anime since 1983 until now.

There are numerous masterpieces, such as Battlezone 88, Phantom Menace LEDA, Ottoria, and the Galactic Warrior series.