How to prevent and control liquidity risk in bank operation

The liquidity of commercial banks refers to the ability of banks to increase assets and fulfill their obligations when debts expire. When we say that banks are liquid, we generally mean that banks can get enough funds at reasonable prices at any time to meet the requirements of customers to withdraw funds at any time. The liquidity of commercial banks is manifested in two aspects. One is the liquidity of assets, which mainly refers to the ability of bank assets to be realized quickly without loss. The stronger the liquidity of assets, the lower the cost and the stronger the liquidity; Second, the liquidity of liabilities refers to the ability of banks to obtain the required funds at a lower cost. The stronger the ability to raise funds, the lower the cost and the stronger the liquidity. Once the bank's liquidity is uncertain, it will produce liquidity risk. Countermeasures for banks to deal with liquidity risk: (1) Build a reasonable liquidity risk supervision system. A special liquidity management department should be set up and a liquidity manager should be hired to manage liquidity systematically and deeply. First, we should contact the top management of banks at any time to ensure the priority and clear objectives of liquidity management; Second, we must track the activities of all fund-using departments and fund-raising departments of the whole bank and coordinate the activities of these departments with the liquidity management department; Third, it is necessary to continuously analyze the liquidity demand and supply of banks to avoid excessive or insufficient liquidity positions. (2) On the premise of effectively preventing market risks, accelerate the innovation of financial products and technologies, actively expand the high-quality credit market, and cultivate new growth points of intermediary business. With the development of modern finance, the business scope of commercial banks is not limited to the deposit and loan business and the transaction of traditional financial instruments, but further extends to the business field of financial innovation. At present, the problem of excess liquidity is relative excess, which is the product of inefficient operation of the banking system. Small and medium-sized enterprises in the real economy are also facing financing difficulties. The development trend of innovative financial instruments is to transfer and disperse the risks of assets and improve the liquidity of assets. Product innovation can ease the liquidity tension, broaden the channels of capital utilization of commercial banks and improve the level of capital utilization of commercial banks. Through a series of product and technological innovations, we will open up and improve high-quality credit markets such as personal consumption credit and corporate loans, and at the same time take advantage of the favorable business opportunities of the national regional development strategy to cultivate new growth points of intermediary business. (3) Broaden financing channels. Bank liquidity management requires banks' assets and liabilities to maintain liquidity. When the liquidity demand increases, we can increase the liquidity supply by selling short-term bonds or borrowing short-term funds from the market. When the liquidity demand decreases and there are redundant positions, we can invest in short-term financial instruments to obtain income and create a market environment for bank liquidity management. (four) demand forecasting and analysis, establish an effective risk early warning mechanism. First of all, we should make a good prediction and analysis of asset liquidity. Then, on the basis of liquidity prediction and analysis, a liquidity risk early warning system is established. We should learn from the mature experience of western commercial banks and adopt scientific forecasting and measurement methods. Establish a scientific and practical liquidity early warning monitoring index system, accurately monitor the liquidity risk in daily operation and management, and issue an early warning once the risk reaches the warning line, so as to bring liquidity risk management into a scientific, standardized and procedural track and gradually form a new liquidity risk management operation mechanism and liquidity security guarantee mechanism. Secondly, establish a liquidity risk disposal plan, improve the ability to avoid risks, take effective measures to remedy possible global or local liquidity risks within a limited time, and try to control the risks to a minimum. (5) Adjust the credit structure and improve the quality of asset reserves. Credit assets are the most important form of asset reserve at present. To improve the liquidity of assets, we must first adjust the credit structure, improve the quality of credit assets and increase the loan turnover rate. First, adjust the customer structure. New loans must be invested in outstanding customers, and new loans to restricted and eliminated customers are strictly prohibited; The second is to establish a credit withdrawal mechanism, vigorously promote ordinary customers, and resolutely withdraw from restricted and eliminated customers. Third, adjust the term structure of loans, control the proportion of medium and long-term loans, closely rely on the bill center of the head office, and vigorously develop asset business with strong liquidity such as bill discount.