The National Origin of She Nationality

In addition, there are many sayings about the origin of She nationality, such as "descendants of Yue people", "descendants of Dongyi people", "a branch of Henan Yi people" and "a branch of Nanyi people". In a word, there are different opinions about the origin of She nationality, which reflects the relationship between She nationality and barbarians, Yue nationality, Min nationality, Yi nationality, Han nationality and other nationalities in the tortuous historical development and national formation.

There are different opinions on the origin of She nationality, but there are two theories in summary: foreign theory and native theory. Foreign commentators believe that the She nationality originated from "Changsha Wu Lingren" in the Han and Jin Dynasties. The main argument for this view is that "Wu Lingren" and the She nationality share the same totem belief in Pan Hu. People who speak indigenous languages believe that the She nationality originated from the "people" of the Zhou Dynasty. "Min" is a native of Fujian, the earliest owner of Fujian, and its descendants are today's She nationality. There is a certain relationship between "Min" and "She". The main argument of this statement is that there is a close connotation connection between the people and the society, that is, the people, Manchu, Liaoning and the society come down in one continuous line.

In addition, some people think that the She nationality originated from a branch of the Yi nationality in ancient Henan, belonging to a clan tribe of Gao Xin's close relatives. Some people think that the She nationality originated in Henan, and its ancestor is Dragon Qi, and so on.

In a word, the origin of She nationality is still controversial.

There are mainly the following statements: (1) She Yao originated from the theory of "Wu Lingren" (also known as "Wu Ximan") in Changsha during the Han and Jin Dynasties. According to this theory, Pan Hu's totem worship is the most famous among She nationality and most Yao nationality, belonging to primitive society. The content of the legend is similar to Pan Hu spread in Wu Lingren in the lower reaches of Changhong River during the Han and Jin Dynasties. Therefore, she nationality and Yao nationality are closely related to Wu Lingren. Among the Yao people, Pan Hu Yao (or, Yao Ban, Wawu Yao and Guo Shanyao) who call themselves cotton and Yao who call themselves men account for more than half of the total number of Yao people. They also believe in the legend of Pan Hu.

After Historical Records claimed that Yao and She were originally "Pan Hu from Wuxi", She and Yao not only had the same legend of Pan Hu reflecting the primitive totem worship, but also had the same customs. They are often called She and Yao in historical records, and even the She nationality is called Yao. Until the Qing Dynasty, she and Yao were still mixed together, and she people were often called "Yao people". The genealogical records of the She nationality also call themselves "Yao Hu" and "Yi descendants". She people in Haifeng, Huiyang, Zengcheng and Boluo in Guangdong still call themselves "Guangdong Yao", while Han people in Haifeng and Huiyang call them "She people", while in Zengcheng they call them "Shan Yao". Both ethnic groups have alternate surnames. It is said that the She nationality has four surnames: Pan, Lan, Lei, Zhong and Zhong, but in fact there are dozens of Pan surnames in Zengcheng County, Guangdong Province, and there are no Pan surnames in other areas. In the genealogy of the She nationality in Xiapu County, Fujian Province, there is an explanation of the separation of Pan Shi brothers: It is said that in the second year of Tang Guangqi (AD 886), Pan, Lan, Lei, Zhong and Li came to Fujian from the king of Fujian, landed at Mabi Road in Lianjiang and moved to Luoyuan Batou. Pan drifted away with the wind, and his surname was lost among the She people. Pan, the legendary eldest brother of She nationality, stayed in Guangdong. But Yao people have many surnames, including Lan and Lei. These two clans and Lingzhi still keep a Chinese document, which Yao people call "Shan Biao" and She people call "Shan Zheng". Both of them are similar in content, and both of them record the legend of Pan Hu in the nature of primitive totem worship. In addition, they were told that the feudal emperor gave them vouchers, allowing them to rent mountains, refuse to pay grain rent, refuse to take corvee and other privileges, but they were not allowed to farm on the plains and marry Han Chinese.

In terms of language, although more than 99% of the She people speak a language close to Chinese Hakka, the She people living in Huiyang, Haifeng, Zengcheng and Boluo in Guangdong speak the Bunu language of the Yao people, which belongs to the Miao language branch of the Miao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Although the She people in Fenghuangshan, Chao 'an County, Guangdong Province speak Chaozhou dialect or Hakka dialect, according to the Records of Chaozhou, a language used by birds here in history is very similar to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family used by the She people in Haifeng, Huiyang, Zengcheng and Boluo today. In terms of tone, although she folk songs are similar to Hakka folk songs in many places, there are four traditional tones (Funing, Fuding, Xiapu and Luolian) in Ningde, Fujian, which are completely different from Hakka folk songs. These four basic tones are strikingly similar to Yao's self-proclaimed "Mian" and "Bunuyao". The traditional keynote of Yao folk songs in Guo Shan is "Lafayette", and the long-tune singing method in Lafayette has many similarities with the two-part chorus of She nationality. The Lafa tune of Yao nationality is consistent with the Luolian tune of She nationality in Luoyuan, Lianjiang and other counties in tone (including tone order, mode and rhythm). The kinship of a national language reflects its close ethnic origin, and ethnic kinship is the basis of linguistic kinship.

Inferred from the above reasons, she and Yao originated from a branch of "Nan Man" in Han and Jin Dynasties, including "Wu Ling Man" in Changsha. The history is very close. There are many people who hold this view because there are abundant materials to prove it. So it's more credible. ② Dongyi said. On the basis of the theory that the She nationality and Yao nationality originated from Wuling people, Professor Pan Guangdan further traced the origin of the She nationality back to Dongyi branch, which lived in the southwest between Huaihe River and Yellow River during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He believes that the She nationality and most Yao nationality originated from Wuling Man, which is a mixture of other ethnic elements after Dongyi moved to western Hubei and Hunan. He believes that it is closely related to Miao, Yao and She nationalities. Later, some of them moved into the Wuling Mountain area in the Yangtze River valley, which developed into today's Yao nationality, and some of them merged with the Han nationality in the mountainous areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang to become the She nationality. The other part once settled in Dongting Lake area, that is, the Miao people who later entered Xiangxi and Guizhou. Some people compare their cultural heritage with that of Dongyi and She nationalities, such as burying the dead in caves, reburying them with bones, singing instead of crying at funerals, not worshipping each other when getting married, tying red hair bands for women, arranging flowers and birds with silver ornaments, wearing clothes like phoenix feathers, dressing and dressing with bronze mirrors, cooking with guards and producing with guards. Calling the middle-earth Han people "Fulao" and the indigenous Han people "Minjia" and "Minjia" shows that in the early days, the She people did not have a dynasty household registration, and they were not "people" and celebrated "phoenix birds". When they got married, they wrote the words "Phoenix is here" on their eyebrows. This shows that there is a very close relationship between the Yi people, the Dongyi people, the Xuyi people and the She people.

This theory proves that one of the "Christmases" in "Wu Lingren" (that is, "Mo Yi") was formed by combining the elements of "Three Miao" and "Dog Rong" after the "Dongyi" ethnic group moved to western Hunan and Hubei. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, in the process of migration, they developed into new ethnic groups-She and Yao, and some of them joined the Miao. Some people even found the clue that she nationality is closely related to "Dongyi" from the genealogy records of she nationality. Legend has it that when King Pan Hu was in power, "Dongyi" Wang Xiansanmei, Qi Zhen, Qi Xuan and Zhu Qi were beautiful and graceful. King Pan Hu presented his eldest daughter Qi Zhen to the eldest man Zineng, two women Si Qi to two men Lan Guanghua, and three women Zhu Qi to three men Lei Juyou. Granddaughter Princess Longlang married Zhong. Pan Hu's legend and totem, Lan, Lei and Zhong are also the same as Yao. Therefore, since ancient times, the She nationality has been called "She", "Yao", "Yao", "Shan Yao" and "Yao".

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the ancestors of the She nationality who lived in the mountainous area at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi once engaged in agricultural production and hunting activities. They explored the land under extremely difficult conditions. In the Tang Dynasty, the central dynasty ruled in Zhangzhou and Tingzhou, Fujian, where the ancestors of the She nationality lived together, and implemented a series of measures to develop the economy, which further developed the economy of the She nationality and made the relationship between the She nationality and the Han nationality increasingly close. The establishment of political power in Zhang Ting in Tang Dynasty greatly accelerated the process of feudalization of She nationality. The feudal rulers deepened the exploitation and oppression of the She nationality, and also implemented a series of ethnic discrimination policies, treating them as "foreigners". The total population of She nationality in China is 709,592 (in 2000), which is distributed in some mountainous areas of more than 80 counties (cities) in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Anhui, Hunan and other provinces, and more than 90% of them live in the vast mountainous areas of Fujian and Zhejiang. There are more than 375 193 people in Fujian province, accounting for 52.87% of the total population of She nationality, ranking first in the country, mainly distributed in eleven counties and cities of Fuzhou, Sanming, Zhangzhou, Ningde and Longyan. There are 170993 people in Zhejiang province, accounting for 24.0 1% of the national She population, mainly distributed in more than ten counties in Wenzhou, Lishui and Jinhua. Most of the She people in Jiangxi Province are scattered in Longhu Mountain, Qianshan County, Guixi, Ji 'an, Yongfeng County, quannan county, Wuning County, Zixi County and Xingguo County with a population of about 76,500. There are 44,926 She people in Guizhou, mainly distributed in Majiang County, Kaili City, Fuquan City and duyun city City. There are more than 28,053 people in Guangdong Province, distributed in 14 counties and cities such as Chaoan District, Raoping County, Heyuan County, Haifeng County, dapu county, Zengcheng District, Huiyang District and Boluo County. She nationality in Anhui province is mainly concentrated in Ningguo city, with a population of about 13953. She nationality in Hunan Province is mainly distributed in Guidong County, Rucheng County and Yanling County, with a population of 289 1.

Ningde City, Fujian Province: Fu 'an City, She Nationality Township, Kim: Banzhong She Nationality Township, Muyun She Nationality Township, Kangcuo She Nationality Township fuding city (She Nationality's surname is Jin): Houmen She Nationality Township, and this city has seven surnames: Lan, Lei, Zhong, Li, Wu, Yang and Jin. Xiapu County: Shuimen She Nationality Township, Yantian She Nationality Township and Lianjiang County, Chongru She Nationality Township.

There are nearly 100 families in Jintangwu She Village, Baijiang Town, Tonglu County, Jingning She Autonomous County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province. Mostly blue, thunder and clock. In Baidai Village, Yueqing City, Wenzhou, due to migration reasons, in order to avoid the war, Weng and Chen are the main surnames. There are six surnames of Lan, Lei, Zhong, Li, Wu and Luo in Cangnan County, Wenzhou, and most of them are Lan, Lei and Zhong. Liucheng She Autonomous County, Wuyi County, Jinhua City. Lanjia, Yinjiakeng Village, Shangtian Town, is the only minority settlement in Fenghua and even Ningbo. Guixi city, Jiangxi Province: Zhangping She Nationality Township, Xinfeng County: Tianlong She Nationality Village, Anxi Town Ji 'an City: Donggu She Nationality Township, the version of the older generation. She has five surnames: Pan, Lan, Lei, Zhong and Gu, which remains to be verified. The She nationality in Guangdong Province is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong. Specifically distributed in Chaoan County, Fengshun County, Fenghuang Mountain Area of Raoping County, Lianhua Mountain Area of Haifeng County and Huidong County, Luofu Mountain Area of Boluo County and Zengcheng District, Jiulian Mountain Area of Heyuan Suburb, Longchuan County, peace county County, Lianping County, Shixing County, Dayu Mountain Area of Nanxiong City, Tianjingshan Mountain of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, etc. 14 County Mountain Area, and a few people are scattered. The distribution of the She nationality in Guangdong and the main surnames of prefecture-level cities/counties/districts/towns involving the She nationality. Remarks on surnames Chaozhou//Lan surname, Zhong surname/Haifeng County of Shanwei//Huidong County of Huizhou, Boluo County//Yuancheng District of Heyuan City, Longchuan County, peace county, County//Shixing County of Shaoguan City, Nanxiong County and Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County//Zhengguo of Zengcheng District of Guangzhou City.