Folkways and customs of Jingzhou for elementary school students

Guandi Temple Every year in the first month and the lunar calendar May l3, Guandi Temple will be held in a large temple fair, when the people of Jingzhou here to play dragon lanterns, rowing Cailian boat, horseback riding archery, blowing the trumpet set of sedan chair, the inside and outside of the Temple of Guandi made a lot of noise red-hot. Jingzhou people worship, worship Guan Gong, has been the continuation of a thousand years of custom. When Guan Yu went out to attack Wu returned victoriously, Jingzhou soldiers and civilians in the big north gate outside the gongs and drums firecrackers, welcome the road to wish success. Nowadays, this street is still called "Successful Street". During festivals, people in Jingzhou play dragon lanterns, and the young men who play the dragon dance to pay homage to the God of Guan in the Guan Di Temple, and then dance the dragon along the streets and lanes of the old city. Tourist souvenirs produced in Jingzhou City also have Guan Gong culture as their main content, such as silk handkerchiefs embroidered with the image of Guan Yu, exquisite backpacks printed with Guan Gong, as well as Guan Gong paintings, figurines and so on. Hotels, stores and many houses in Jingzhou like to enshrine the statue of the God of Guan in their lobbies, and some even worship it once a day. Jingzhou adults and children, almost every person can tell a few stories about Guan Yu's defense of Jingzhou. Guan Gong's spirit of loyalty and righteousness has been y rooted in the land of Jingchu. With the increasingly frequent exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, and with the increasing interaction between China and overseas, more and more friends from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and foreign countries come to Jingzhou to pay homage to the God of Guan, and to pay homage to the God of Guan. People from all over the world often gather at the Jingzhou Guan Di Temple to praise the loyal and righteous spirit of Guan Gong in different languages, giving the culture of Guan Gong a new connotation of the times.

Jingzhou Flower Drums Jingzhou Flower Drum Opera, as a unique cultural art form in Jingzhou, has a long history. Jingzhou flower-drum original folk poor people begging for a living "along the door of the flower drums" and grass-gathering rice-planting songs. This "flower drums" is a person hit the drum to sing the words, a number of people to help voice and tune. In recent decades, Jingzhou flower drums have evolved into a unique local flower drum opera. 1955 an old artist collected and recorded all the singing of the flower drum opera, organized the first complete set of music scores of the flower drums that have never existed before, and boldly put the erhu, banhu, pipa, yangqin, bamboo flute, suona and other ethnic instruments used to accompany the flower drum opera, so that the flower drum opera put an end to the "one-singing-all" and "one-singing-all" and purely with the use of the flower drums. The history of "one song for all" and the use of gongs and drums as accompaniment has come to an end. Nowadays, Jingzhou Flower Drum Opera is full of rich local flavor, with a melodious, sweet and pleasant singing voice, and there are dozens of plays such as "Family Matters" and "Water Township Love", which are not only based on the life in the lake township, but also show the style of the lake township. In the folk, men, women and children walking, working, humming flower drum tune from time to time. Some people say: "Listen to the flower drums of yo yo yo, sick can not take medicine!" "Doing work without singing flower-drum opera, no strength in the body", which shows that Jingzhou people Jingzhou flower-drum opera's heartfelt love.

The Drum Pot Song The Drum Pot Song was announced by the State Council in May 2006 as one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritages. Drums and drums songs are sung during funerals and are part of the funeral rites, and are commonly known as "funeral drums" in modern times. In ancient times, it was also known as "drum percussion, percussion". The origin of the Drum Pot Song can be traced back to the records of the Book of Songs and the Book of Changes. "The origin of the song can be traced back to the records of the Book of Songs and the Zhou Yi. Fou" with entertainment content and funeral customs **** existed for a fairly long period of history. Nowadays, it is mainly distributed in Shashi city of Jingzhou and its surrounding areas. Shashi City, drum pot song in the history of thousands of years, from the formation to the content of the continuous development and change. Formally, the percussion instruments from the earliest percussion to the wooden basin, and then to the wooden basin on the shelf drum, and finally stereotyped as a single drum. Shashi urban artists now still maintain the original pattern of sitting and singing without performing. Drum basin song repertoire content is colorful and spectacular, emperors and generals, talented people, opera stories, folklore, myths and legends, city customs, flowers and snow, humor and jokes, folk scandals, life and suffering, and so on. Now found as many as 500 pieces of repertoire, most of the artists hand-copied, can be described as "case as a mountain". The singing of Shashi Drum Pot Song is based on the local language of Shashi, which is very easy for local people to catch. The "drum" is the only accompanying instrument in the Shashi Drum Pond Song, and the drummer holds drumsticks in both hands, with the left hand as the "board" and the right hand as the "knock" and "tie". The drummer holds the drumsticks with both hands, the left hand is the "board", the right hand is the "knock" and "za", striking the middle, side and edge of the drum surface. The rhythm of the drums is always before the end of the upper and lower sentences of the singing, contrary to the common sense of the music beat, appearing the uniqueness characteristic of strong beat without accent. The Drum Basin Song is a marvelous flower of Jingchu culture. It is simple in form, not limited by the regional environment, rooted in the fertile soil of Chu culture, popular with the masses.

Mashan Folk Song The town of Mashan in Jingzhou District, where a rare cultural relic, the sword of King Goujian, was once unearthed, has been known as the town of folk songs. Here a long history, specific geographic environment, the formation of their own unique style of folk songs, known as the cradle of Jingzhou folk songs, in the entire Hubei folk music treasure trove occupies a very important position. Mashan folk songs are the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province. Mashan folk songs have distinctive regional cultural characteristics and have been passed down for a long time, and their history can be traced back to the "Yang Song" and "Tian Song" of the Chu land more than 2,000 years ago. The Warring States Chu Xiang Wang period, Song Yu in the "King of Chu asked" said: "Guests have songs in Ying, the beginning of the said "next", "Baren", the country belongs to and thousands of people ......". Subsequently, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties have records about "Ying in the field song". Mashan folk song represents the Jianghan Plain folk song of the overall form of characteristics and musical features, with a strong original flavor. Its peculiar five lines into a song, the end of the sentence pointing to the structure of the lyrics, is a treasure of Jing Chu culture. "Horn tune", "buddy tune", "de de tune", "ding kou dang tune", "Oh-ho tune" five major tunes and five lines of songs are even more famous, long sung, and widely circulated in the folklore. The contents of Ma Shan folk songs cover various aspects such as stories of history and dynasties, knowledge of production and life, flowers, birds, insects and fishes of the four seasons, marriage and funeral customs and etiquettes, and festivals such as playing with lanterns and congratulating colors. There are dozens of types of songs, including field songs, trumpets, ditties, lamp songs, children's songs, custom songs, religious songs and so on. The "five lines of songs" are divided into "shouting five lines", "catching five lines" and "wearing five lines", and the structure of the songs varies greatly, but the basic melodies are similar. The structure of the song varies greatly, but the basic melody is more or less the same. Jingzhou District in the collection and organization at the same time also on the traditional Mashan folk songs were adapted and innovated, giving it new connotations, launched to folk songs and dances "Cheshui gongs and drums", "fire burning poi", "phoenix drums and singing", "open rice door", "night fishing", "mountain singing out of the farmhouse" and so on, as represented by a number of new Mashan folk songs, so that the Mashan folk songs are more contemporary, more close to life, close to the masses.

Public Security said drums Public Security said drums for Hubei Province, the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage. Public security said the drum has a long history, a long history. From the perspective of literary form, it is in the same lineage with the Tang Dynasty's Changwen, because "Dunhuang Changwen is the forerunner of all kinds of rap literature in later generations." In the Song Dynasty, the art of rap flourished, and many forms of rap emerged. Drum lyrics were one of the popular forms at that time. After the Song Dynasty, the drum words changed several times, through the Yuan and Ming Dynasties "words", around the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties gradually developed and evolved into the public security drums. Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period, public security said drums have been further developed, said drum artists continue to increase, the repertoire gradually increased, the content is increasingly broad and rich. The Public Security Drum Telling is also called Public Security Drum Telling. It is mainly said, said with singing. Said, that is, in the local dialect tone to moderate exaggeration, there are ups and downs, with rhyme, rhythmic, fast and unruly, slow and constant, spit clear, distinct levels. Singing, usually at the end of each small paragraph. Often in a rhythmic speech, after two lines of singing to the end, after the closing cavity with suona blowing again the melody of the next sentence, play a drum, and then start the next paragraph. The music of the Public Security Drums is divided into two parts: the singing tune and the suona tune. The singing songs are divided into three categories, namely the main accent, the flower accent and the crying accent. The traditional repertoire of the Public Security Drum Telling is rich in content and has a wide range of themes. First, it is taken from the street talk, the trivialities, jokes and anecdotes; secondly, it is from the folk legends; thirdly, it is from the martial arts and historical novels. In addition, there are also transplanted from the local opera and foreign songs. Public security said drums using drums and suona with accompaniment, rich local flavor, very expressive, with a unique local flavor and artistic characteristics; public security said drums of this form of literature and art formed in the folk, the development of the folk, popular in the folk, and therefore has a folklore value. Public security said drum music is divided into singing and blowing cards, has a strong local style, after a century of accumulation of derivation, has formed a lot of fixed songs, and thus has the value of music research.

Songzhi Drums Songzhi Drums is one of the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritages in Hubei Province. According to the existing data, Songzi said drums original name "said the ancient book", by the Yuan, Ming Dynasty "words" evolved, and gradually formed a folk rap form. Qing Tongzhi years (around 1862) began in the territory of Songzhi, big rock Tsui, West Zai, Street River City, Paper Mill River area popular. Drum book rap through successive generations of artists heritage and continuous improvement, there have been significant changes, especially after the founding of New China, through the unremitting efforts of artists, rap and even performances accompanied by instruments for further reform, rhyme and white using the local dialect of the south, rap and heavy; music absorbed part of the Songzhi folk song tunes; accompaniment in addition to oboe, but also increased the orchestra, plucked instruments. The singing, music and drumming are integrated into one, becoming a unique style of folk wonders, popular among the masses, and widely spread in the border of Hunan and Ezhou, especially in the territory of Songzi. Songzi said drums repertoire is colorful and spectacular. Street talk, folk tales, emperors and generals, talented people, drama stories, myths, wind and snow, humor and jokes, life's hardships and so on are all inclusive. "Songzi said drums" is a local song of Songzi, using the dialect slang, at first it was mainly to say, at the end of a sentence or two plus singing, and the local language of Songzi "South five fields" as the tone, the countryside tone, humorous and witty, easy to understand. Speaking of ancient books in Songzi has been passed down for thousands of years, the ancients due to the lack of cultural life, after tea and dinner to listen to "speaking of ancient books", can be regarded as a kind of spiritual support, people listen to the book of this custom has a certain degree of dependence. In particular, the local accent makes people feel close to each other, and people love to listen, learn, and sing, which has a wide mass base.

Luo Luodong is one of the first provincial intangible cultural heritages in Hubei Province. Since ancient times, Jiali has been a part of the Jianghan Chu region, which is characterized by the Chu style and the Chu sound. The "Luodong" is mainly composed of folk opera singsongs. It is a relay type of vocal singing, and the structure of the song is characterized by polyphonic music and "unaccompanied natural harmony", commonly known as "playing harmony". The pronunciation of "Luodong" is a dialect of the Jiannan area, which is in the transition between the Southwest Mandarin and the Hunan-English dialects, and the syllables of the opening call account for half of all syllables. In the folk song tones of Jiannan and Honghudong, which are the convergence of the tones of several languages in central E, southeast E and Hunan Jianting, a distinctive and unique style has been formed. The structural types of lyrics can be categorized into: simple one-sentence structure, and more complex multi-paragraph structure. The second type of structure is predominant in Jiali, and this is a novel and unique form of structure, with a succession of phrases, a wide range of colloquialisms, and a great deal of fun. This is the artistic characteristic of "Luodong" lyrics. The free rhythms and long melodies of "Luodong" are characteristic of the mountain songs of the plains: the lines are generally characterized by four- or five-degree jumps; the syntax consists of a melodic line that is first raised and then lowered; and the colorful "off-key notes" are used in the upper register. The "Luodong" is characterized by four or five jumps; the syntax forms a melodic line of rising and falling; and the use of colorful "partials" in the upper register. In the cultural and historical environment of Jiali, "Luodong" has developed into a distinctive cultural form in the course of a long period of farming life and rice work, and has been widely inherited by the masses and the folk. The melody of "Luodong" is high and melodious, with free expression, and is characterized by "unaccompanied natural harmony". "It is the only original folk song in the plains with the characteristics of a mountain song, using a large number of liner notes, and has polyphonic music characteristics in its tonal and compositional structure, which is of high artistic research value.

Jinghe Opera Jinghe Opera is one of the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province, and it is a local traditional opera in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. It is a local traditional opera in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. It is a fusion of the advantages of Kun Cavity and Gao Cavity absorbed by the local popping cavity. Ming Dynasty Yongle two years (1404), Shashi City, Jinghe opera performance, then known as "Chu tone". In the 43rd year of the Wanli reign (1615), Yuan Xiaoxiu watched the performance of "The Golden Hairpin" in Chu Tune. Between the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were famous opera groups such as "Sanyuan Ban" and "Taishou Ban". Nowadays, tea houses and taverns often have local "drum" groups singing for the masses. Jinghe Opera has three major cadences: South Road, North Road and Zimu Tune (North-South Reverse), and there are guiding boards, three-eyed boards, original boards, shaking boards, three streams, flat boards, first streams, slow second streams, running water, etc. There are four kinds of lines: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Mordant, and the bands are divided into Wenchang and Wufang. The band is divided into Wenchang and Wuchang. There are about 150 commonly used songs and 150 tangqu songs. The Jinghe Opera emphasizes the performance of work, and pays attention to the "eight pieces inside and outside". The lyrics and recitation are based on the Jingzhou spoken language, with Jingbai, Subai and Chuanbai mixed in. The opera is characterized by martial arts, especially by the unique style of various postures, such as the "Arguing Army Horse" and "Shaking Shells". Jinghe Opera is the favorite opera of the people in Jingzhou and West Hubei, and the folk ballad says, "The Han accent is heavy for the guest gangs, and the tune loves the local brother of Jinghe". The traditional repertoire of Jinghe Opera is extremely rich, and the preserved ones are "Three Killings", "Five Pictures", "Twelve Mountains" and more than 500 books such as "The Great Return to Jingzhou" and "Playing Huanggai", etc. The study of the rise and fall of Jinghe Opera is very important to the development of Jingzhou and western Ezhou. The study of the rise and fall of Jinghe Opera has a very positive social significance and humanistic value in revealing the relationship between the art of opera and socio-economic development, and folk customs, and people's psychological and cultural needs, as well as the identification with social ethical and moral standards. Through the long-term artistic practice and accumulation of Jinghe artists, the repertoire, voice and music performances of Jinghe Opera are colorful and highly ornamental, thus Jinghe Opera also has high artistic value. Jinghe Opera has a lot of literary value with smooth storytelling, delicate characterization, accurate and vivid dialogues, and wonderful lyrics. The study of Jinghe Opera's vocal cadences, songs, gongs and drums, the use of musical instruments, playing techniques, etc., and the deciphering of the code in the music melody, play an important role in the interpretation of the development and change of the opera music and vocal cadences.

Songzhi Rolling Lantern Dance Songzhi Rolling Lantern Dance is one of the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritages in Hubei Province. Rolling lanterns, is a kind of paper lanterns in China's lantern art, originated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, due to the historical migration of the population into Hubei Songzi. History of the festival started in han, sui, tang have mass spectator light amusement activities, later more and more flourishing. Babao Dongyue Township folk artist Liu Shouyu's father, Liu Lucheng, before the liberation of the four neighboring townspeople in the form of rolling lamps to celebrate the New Year, for good luck. After the founding of new China, Liu Shouyu her father taught her the rolling lantern dance heritage teaching, so that this folk art has been handed down to the present day. 1978, the lyrics and music after finishing and adapting, included in the "Hubei Folk Songs Selection"; in 1980, selected into the "Chinese Folk Songs Selection" (Shanghai Publishing and Distribution). Rolling Lantern Dance takes "dragging, playing, shaking and swinging" as the main rhythm, forming a lively, auspicious and festive atmosphere with lamps dancing for people and people turning for the lamps. It fully expresses the people's good wishes for "reunion, roundness and brightness". Rolling lamp dance performance, percussion plays through, foil, connecting the role of the drums, gongs, cymbals, gongs, gongs, small gongs, five pieces of percussion composition. The drum (winter) has a warm and solid tone; the gong (wide) has a deep and unrestrained tone; the cymbals (and) have a steady and bright tone; the gong (get) has a cheerful and lively tone; and the gong (too) has a clear and pleasant tone; the ensemble is a complete percussion sound body, and the solo performance can fully display the characteristics and performance of the percussion itself. The "Rolling Lantern Dance" is based on the Songzi has been formed since ancient times, "the 15th of the first month lanterns" to play "rolling lanterns" traditional customs evolved, generally in the Lantern Festival around, it has a folk It is characterized by the inheritance of folk customs. The "Rolling Lantern Dance" is selected from the unique Songzi local percussion sound, especially the horse gong plays a commanding and coordinating role, and runs through the whole dance, and the gongs and drums are mainly: flower gongs, long hammers, big and small heads, chaotic hammers, rolling heads, etc., which are played in accordance with the changes of the dance, sometimes light and sometimes heavy, and alternately fast and slow, with a distinctive tempo and a warm atmosphere, which makes the whole dance scene more lively. The dance scene is more energetic and has strong local characteristics. The dance of "Rolling Lantern Dance" is characterized by the performers' use of "pushing, dragging, playing, shaking, swinging" and other rhythms, plus the size of the "round field", forming a scene in which the lamps are danced for the people and the people are turned to the lamps. The aesthetics of the show are very impressive.

The Drums and Drums is one of the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritages in Hubei Province. The "picking drums", commonly known as "picking drums", "playing the street", is a form of folk music performance that can be played on the march. Pre-qin period, the ancient chu music prevalent, has all eight sounds, all major celebrations, rituals, banquets and music, there will be drumming. Since the Han and Tang dynasties, Jingzhou folk music is widely used in people's lives and production, the North and South Dynasties period until the Song Dynasty, Jingzhou people in the Lahai held "exorcise" folk activities, "the village and the Department of fine drums, wearing Hu head and as a King Kong Rex," people Banging gongs and drums, walking the streets and villages "to expel the epidemic". Tang and Song dynasties, moored in the Shashi Yangtze River terminal ship, there are drums and gongs to start the custom. Since the North and South Dynasties, Shashi dragon boat used to beat the festival of musical instruments will be drums, gongs, gongs. Into the Song Dynasty, "Tang Dynasty popular music, prevalent in the folk," Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin pacified Jingnan, from the capital city of Jiangling to get the fine arts musicians 32 people into the Department of music. Jingzhou King's House in the Ming Dynasty used the music and the way of playing, "picking around the drum" has a great influence. Part of the performance and music of "Pandanus and Drums" originated from Ming and Qing loose songs and suites, and part of it is folk music of Jing and Chu. During the Qing Dynasty, Jingzhou City was the seat of the general's residence, and according to the old "picket drums" artists, the generals of Jingzhou traveled in the past, and all used the "picket drums" to play. The "picket drum" is mainly in the center of Jingzhou City and public security, Jiangling and other places. City streets and alleys such as: Meidai Lane, Dugong Lane, Shengli Street, Tugboat Harbor and so on, all have their own different picking around the drum. Suburbs of the city such as: Yuejin Village, Zhanggou Village, Lianxin Village, Tongxin Village, Sanbanqiao Village, Caoshi, Cenhe. The types of songs are mainly categorized into several types, such as the upper character tune, the six character tune, the main palace tune and the foreign plate. For example, the song "Dahongpao" of "Shangzitiao" expresses a low tone, the song "Naopi" of "Liuzitiao" expresses a gentle tone, and the song "Fengjiaoxue" of "Zhenggong" expresses a high tone. The "Wind and Snow" and the "Dragon Boat" are all representative of the drums' repertoire. The musicians choose different tunes to play according to different occasions, such as traditional festivals (Chinese New Year, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival), industrial and commercial temple festivals (Bu Cai Shen Hui, Xuan Yuan Hui, Land Hui) and folk ceremonies (weddings, birthdays), etc., mostly with the Zheng Gong, the six words, the Yang Pan and other tunes. White happy events (funeral) more on (together) words, six words, Yangpan and other music cards. "Picked up the drum" since the early Qing Dynasty in the folk form the basic form has been handed down, playing a rich repertoire, unique instruments, props and craftsmanship is exquisite, its protection, inheritance value and research value is extremely high.

Mourning Drums The mourning drums are the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province. Mourning drums, singing songs of filial piety, this folk custom is popular almost all over the country. The old custom, after the death of an adult to be at home "stop spirit" three to seven days; wake, not only the spirit of the bright lights, and often to ask the singer will sing songs of filial piety singer drums and sing, all night long, all night long. The vast majority of places singing "filial piety song" is only singing not jumping, but Jingzhou and Eshi area is singing and jumping, so the name is "jumping funeral drum". Mourning drum jumping is usually performed at night in the deceased's funeral hall. Generally in the hall in the center of a square table, commonly known as the "song stage", three song masters have a person sitting next to the song stage drums, drums diameter of two feet Xu; the other two are a handful of cymbals, a handful of bamboo chopsticks in front of the song stage in front of the song while jumping. Mourning drum jumping has a complete performance program and sets of singing and dance movements. First of all, the drummer (usually an elder) hits the drum three times, and shouts "calling white" and reads some words of mourning, indicating the opening of the funeral song. The cymbal singers come out from both sides of the stage, bowing their hands to the deceased's seat, and then begin to play the cymbals and dance according to the rhythm of the drums. Once the drums stop, the dance stops, and the dancing singers start to sing the filial piety song, and the drumming singers are responsible for helping. After singing a section and then dance a section, dance a section and then sing a section, the cycle repeats until dawn. In the performance process, the funeral home from time to time to set off firecrackers, to set the mood. Mourning drum singing and dancing rhythm mastered by the drummer, singing a beat a drum, dance a beat four drums, dancers in the dance process and drums click cymbals. Take the cymbal method is very delicate, generally similar to the "end bowl", with the index and middle fingers of the left hand wrapped tightly around the cymbal on the ribbon, and then use the thumb to control the cymbal articulation, the thumb and cymbal when the cymbal is separated from the cymbal hit the cymbal, the sound of crisp and bright, known as the "bright hit", the thumb top of the cymbal hit, the sound of dull, known as the "bright hit", the thumb on top of the cymbal, the sound of dull, known as the "sound of dull, known as the "sound of dull. When the thumb is held against the cymbal, the sound is dull and is called "muffled strike". The sound of the cymbal is clear and bright, and the sound of the thumb on the cymbal is dull and muffled. Drummers and dancers of funeral drums are male, and their dance movements are vigorous and powerful, with the main dance step being "trembling step" (commonly known as "one step, three trembles"), and the other dance steps being "four big steps", Other dance steps include the "Four Big Steps", "Rolling Body", "Yell Yeh Ho", "Wind Swinging Willow", etc. All these movements originate from production life, such as "Pulling Radish", "Pouring Turnip These movements are originated from production life, such as "pulling radish", "inverted line rake", etc., there are also imitation of the posture of birds and animals, such as "eagle spread wings", "hanging eagle palm", etc..