Composition of Linxia Peony Congress 1500 words

Peony Culture Peony is an inherent specialty flower in China, with thousands of years of natural growth and more than 2,000 years of artificial cultivation history. Its flowers are large, beautiful, colorful and fragrant, which have been praised by people of all ages and have high ornamental and medicinal value. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, medicinal plants have been included in Shennong Herbal Classic, and there are many articles scattered in various ancient books. Peony culturology, including botany, horticulture, pharmacology, geography, literature, art, folklore and other disciplines, is a part of China culture and folklore, and a complete cell of China culture. Through it, we can gain insight into the overall characteristics of China culture, which is the phenomenon of "cultural holography".

The origin of peony culture, if peony entered poetry from the Book of Songs, is about 3000 years ago. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic that peony was a medicinal plant, and peony had entered pharmacology. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Yang Zihua painted peony in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and peony has entered the art field. According to historical records, Yang Di built the West Garden in Luoyang, and ordered the world to plant exotic flowers and plants, and Yizhou planted 20 boxes of peony in the West Garden. Since then, peony has entered the royal garden and set foot in gardening. In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of peony poems emerged, and Liu Yuxi's "Only peony is the true national color, and bloom was the capital of the country" was widely known; Li Bai's poem "The clouds should be beautiful in clothes and flowers, and the threshold of spring breeze is thick" is a swan song throughout the ages. Since the Song Dynasty, besides a large number of peony poems, there are also peony monographs, such as Ouyang Xiu's The Peony in Luoyang, Lu You's The Peony in Tian Peng, Qiu Jun's The Peony's Honor and Disgrace, and Zhang Bangji's The Peony in Chen Zhou. Sui ordered peony, even with peony flower spectrum, Wang Youpu, Xue Fengxiang has Bozhou peony history, Hao Youguang has a peony spectrum, Su has a peony spectrum, and Peng Yu has a peony spectrum in Cao Zhou. The peony poem "Wen Bin" scattered in various miscellaneous works and collections of past dynasties, peony legends and stories spread all over the folk flower town, and peony cultural phenomena are common in sculpture, sculpture, painting, music, drama, clothing, daily life and diet.

After liberation, peony cultivation has made great progress, peony culture has been paid more and more attention, and a large number of peony researchers and experts have appeared.

Peony culture is compatible with many sciences and has a very wide composition, including philosophy, religion, literature, art, education, customs, people's feelings and other cultural fields. The cultural information provided by peony culture can reflect the basic picture of national culture and conform to the "holographic law" of the universe.

Peony culture is a part of national culture. Compared with other cultures, peony culture has the following characteristics: strong biological characteristics; (2) strong pharmacological properties; (3) Strong horticultural characteristics; (4) Strong aesthetic characteristics; (5) Strong literary features; (6) Strong local flavor; (7) a strong sense of wealth; (8) Strong aftertaste of life.

Peony culture is a combination of spiritual civilization and material civilization, which is true from the development history of peony at all times and at all times. Peony develops in prosperous times, and it is liked in peaceful and prosperous times, and so is peony culture. History has once again proved the profound philosophy of "national prosperity and a hundred flowers blossom".

Historically, the peony in Luoyang, the ancient capital, is the richest and best. There are two traditional famous species, one is Yao Huang with yellow flowers, and the other is Wei Zi with purple flowers, which have been passed down to this day. "There is no peony in Luoyang", and peony is designated as the city flower of Luoyang, and April 15-25 every year is designated as the "Luoyang Peony Fair". During the flower show, Chinese and foreign tourists gathered to enjoy the flowers.

Peony legend

Legend of Pocket Peony: In ancient times, on the road 200 miles southeast of Luoyang City, there was a state called Ruzhou, and there was a small town called Miaoxia in the west of the state. Surrounded by mountains, the scenery is pleasant, and there is a wonderful custom: once young men and women are engaged, the woman must personally send a purse embroidered with Yuanyang to the man, which goes without saying. If it is decided to get married early, it must be embroidered by the wife's sister-in-law or the elder sister who has passed the door in the neighborhood as a lifelong token. There lived a beautiful girl named Jade Girl in the town. Jade girl Fang is eighteen years old, ingenious, and naturally intelligent. She is skilled in embroidery and weaving, especially the various flower patterns embroidered on her purse, which often make bees and butterflies fall on it, showing the depth of kung fu. Such a good girl, the suitors naturally broke the threshold, but they were all politely declined by the girl's family. It turned out that the girl had her own man and the family acquiesced. It's a pity that the young man has been exiled to the Great Wall for two years, with no news and no wallet. Jade girl looks forward to it every day, thinks about it every night, and misses it hard, so she embroiders a purse every month to talk about her worries and hangs it on the peony branches in front of the window. Over time, the purse formed a string and became what people called "purse peony".

Legend in Brother Liu: At the end of Sui Dynasty, in the east of Miaoxia Town, Ruzhou, Henan Province, there was a place where the Liu family lived-Liujiaguan. Here is a beautiful and naive girl, the younger brother of a scholarly family, who likes playing chess, painting and calligraphy since childhood and is very popular with relatives and neighbors. Then her parents died one after another, and the girl followed her brother and sister-in-law who was an official in Chang 'an to settle in Chang 'an. After the demise of the Sui Dynasty, my brother and sister-in-law died one after another, leaving her alone, with nowhere to go, who saw through the world of mortals and became a nun. When she became a monk, the girl brought Bai Mudan, a native of her family, to buddhist nun to show her dedication to Buddhism and lead a totally clean life. Under her careful management, Bai Mudan is very lush and beautiful. A plant is full of thousands of flowers, and the flowers are full of satisfaction. It rises from the building, with a slight blush in the white, crystal clear and moist, like a beauty's skin and a child's jade face. Viewers all admire its beauty, so every April, many believers come to this temple to worship the Buddha and watch the flowers, taking pleasure in offering flowers to the Buddha, and the incense is getting stronger and stronger. Therefore, the flowers came from the hands of "Liu's mansion", hence the name "Liu's pavilion" and "Liu Shige". Later, this peony variety spread to Tian Peng, Sichuan, Heze, Shandong and other places, and its fragrance spread far and wide.

The legend of Wu Zetian and Peony: Wu Zetian became an emperor and went to Shangyuan for drinking and enjoying the snow one winter. After drinking, I wrote a five-character poem on the white silk: I swam to the Yuan Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty and quickly reported my spring knowledge. Flowers must be placed overnight, don't wait for the breeze to blow. After writing, she asked the maid-in-waiting to take it to the garden and burn it to inform the flower god. After the imperial edict was burned, it frightened the Baihua Fairy. The next day, all the flowers opened except the peony. Wu Zetian saw that the peony had not opened, and in a great anger, a fire burned the peony to ashes. The peony uprooted elsewhere, exiled to Chang' an, still went to Mangshan and Luoyang. Mangshan Mountain in Luoyang is criss-crossed, remote and desolate. Wu Zetian threw peony into Mangshan Mountain in Luoyang in order to make it extinct. Who knows that Mangshan peony in Luoyang is growing well, and people have come here to watch peony.

Legend in thousands of books: In the Ming Dynasty, there was a scholar in Bozhou, Anhui Province, also known as Ouyang Boyun, who had a well-meaning saying. Originally, he was born into an official family. Due to the gradual decline of his family, he gradually declined and was very poor. However, the scholar is unwilling to be arranged by fate, and even more unwilling to rely on others. He was determined to get a "fame" and shine for his ancestors, but he failed year after year. A kind-hearted gentleman told him: "The younger generation has a poor foundation and needs to study thousands of books to feel the God of heaven and earth. So he copied books and studied papers all day. But the family is poor and the paper is too expensive, so we have to copy articles on the walls and door panels. One day he got bored in his room and went to play in the backyard. I was surprised to see that the peony flower cluster in the backyard, which had not blossomed for many years, was full of flowers, so I suddenly came into the room on a whim, picked up the autumn pen and inkstone, copied articles on peony petals and changed the paper into flowers. The kind-hearted gentleman passed by and saw this scene, calling this peony "thousands of books". This may have touched the "Flower God". The following year, Ouyang Boyun really won the "Juren".

Legend of "Evil Huang Liu": In ancient times, there was an epigenetic named Liu Mingdan Pavilion near Luoyang. He has been fascinated by flowers since he was a child, and he is addicted to growing flowers. Among all the flowers, peony is particularly good. Many flowers and peonies were planted before and after the army. But because he grows flowers well, he is often attacked by sea urchins. He was very angry. Every time he was caught, he was fined a day's work, and everyone else played several times. So the local urchin nicknamed him "Bad Liu". With the passage of time, this gradually spread and replaced his name as a "big name". Speaking of "bad Liu", his flower arranging skill is really extraordinary. He planted more than 100 peony plants with rich varieties. One year, he planted a Jin Mudan, the color of which surpassed that of "Yao Huang". Neighbors were amazed, and the rich wanted gold and silver. At that time, yellow peony was very rare, and it became fashionable to breed in large numbers and compete for harsh varieties from far and near. Later, people named this flower "Evil Huang Liu", and this name was included in the book and handed down.

Peony poems

Mudan Xue Tao

Last spring was over, and my tears were wet and red. I am often afraid that I will break up with martial arts. Why is there the Wuling period?

Every time you express your love, you should know it without saying anything. I just want to put a pillow by the bar and miss you at night.

Mudan Li Xiaoguang

Rich and romantic, flowers bow their heads and worship the incense dust. Draw columns embroidered with rubies, clouds covered with green flowers.

The sky has its own strength and the country is colorless. Famous flowers are also difficult to cultivate and require great efforts.

Qing Pingbai (Tang Dynasty)

A red dew is fragrant, and the rain is heartbroken. Who looks like Han Guan? Poor Yan Fei relies on red cosmetics.

Title Royal Pen Peony Wang Guowei (Qing)

The Moro Western Region actually wears makeup, and the East China Sea is fragrant with cherry blossoms. After reading The World of Spring, peony is the king of flowers.

Weizhuang (Tang)

Don't be jealous of the new makeup girl in the boudoir, and be ashamed of being strangers to Fu Fenlang. Last night, the moonlight was as deep as water, and it was fragrant when you got started.

Xi Juyi (Tang)

There are only two red peonies left in front of the melancholy stage. I think all the flowers should be blown away when the wind blows tomorrow morning. At night, I pity these weak but red flowers and take a torch to see the peony.

Planting Peony on the Ground (Song Dynasty)

Mow the moss under the court and plant it yourself. Laozi's dragon bell is over eighty, and I have seen it open several times before.

Mudantang Pi Rixiu

When the red leaves are left, the fragrance begins to vomit, which is called the king of flowers. Striving for the beauty of a Chinese odyssey to the West is the first fragrance among independent people.

Peony Poems Zheng Fan in Tang Dynasty

National color is full of wine, and clothes are dyed at night. Dan Jing was drunk in spring, and the bright moon asked about the return date.

Appreciation of Peony in Yuxi, Liu Tang

The peony in front of the courtyard is enchanting and gorgeous but lacking in bones, and the lotus in the pool is elegant, clean and boring. Only peony is the real national color, and it moved its capital in the flower season.

Red Mudan Decoction Wang Wei

The green leaves of red peony are quietly unfolding, and the color of red peony is bright and deep. In the face of withering, peony is sad from it. Can you understand peony's thoughts?

Appreciation of Peony and Don Xu Ning

Whoever doesn't love peony flowers is the best thing in the city. English is the goddess of Luochuan, who tries her best to break the morning glow.

Red Mudan Decoction Wang Wei

The green leaves of red peony are quietly unfolding, and the color of red peony is bright and deep. In the face of withering, peony is sad from it. Can you understand peony's thoughts?

Caozhouhong

Cut off a ray of sunshine and red, and the Millennium color is drunk with spring breeze. He Shanze holds the title of Cao Zhou, and his fragrance is rich and dry.

As beautiful as flowers and jade-(of women) as beautiful as flowers and jade.

There is red in white to unite the mind, but the immortal turns to dust. Jade bone is in love with flowers, and the fragrance fades away, and there is no spring.

Huanghuakui

Red, green, black and white are all fragrant, and spring breeze cannot send clouds. Don't sigh, love the corner of Huang Huakui.

Flowers laugh.

Petals are soft and loving, and fragrant buds are burning. The sunshine smiles among the flowers, and spring shines everywhere.

Golden raccoon

Red and green laugh at the sun and the moon, wrapped in layers of spring. The poor fairy dominated the world for seven minutes and lost her color.

Huang Yuxi

The condensed wind holds the spring away, and the dark green beads are tempted. Envy a topaz, shame to kill the dust.

Peony history

Peony, originally a wild shrub in mountainous areas such as Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shandong, Henan, Tibet and Yunnan, is distributed on hillsides and forest margins at an altitude of 1500m. The history of peony cultivation in China can be traced back to more than 2,000 years ago. Peony was recorded as a medicine in the medical bamboo slips found in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Wuwei 1972, Gansu.

Peony as an ornamental plant began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and there are many records in the literature. Liu Saike's Jia Ji said: "There are peony paintings in the Northern Qi Dynasty". Now that the peony has been painted, there is no doubt that it is the object of viewing. Peony has been cultivated in China for 1400 years.

Peony cultivation began in the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907). Kaiyuan flourishing age is in Chang 'an. Legend has it that there was a man named Song Shanfu who was good at growing flowers. At the call of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he went to Lishan to plant more than 10,000 plants of different colors (Longcheng Record). Li Bai's "clouds want clothes and flowers, and spring breeze blows the threshold." If it weren't for the head of Yushan Mountain, I would meet Yaotai under the moon. "There are three songs, such as Qing Ping Diao, about peonies of different colors." The peony demon in front of the court failed, and the lotus flowers in the pool were quiet and affectionate. Only peony is the real national color, and bloom is a capital city. "(Liu Yuxi:" Appreciating Peony ")" The imperial city is dying in spring, and it is noisy for a while; * * * If you say peony, you will buy flowers with you. The price is uncertain, and the reward depends on the number of flowers: burning a hundred red flowers and stepping on the beam. ..... everyone is used to it, and everyone is obsessed. ..... "(Bai Juyi:" Buying Flowers ") From these poems, we can see the grand occasion of peony planting in Chang 'an, the imperial capital at that time. At this time, peony not only has many kinds of colors, but also has some novel variations and double petals. "Xingtang Temple has a peony nest, and Yuanhe has 1,200 flowers. Their colors are positive halo, inverted halo, light red, light purple, purple white, white sandalwood and so on. And there are those who are not red, those who are unintentional in flowers and leaves, and those who are heavy in flowers, their faces are seven or eight inches. " ("Youyang Miscellany") "Chiba peony is planted in front of the Muzong Emperor Temple, and bloom is fragrant, and Chiba is big and red." ("Du Yang Za") shows that China had double peony as early as the ninth century.

In Song Dynasty (AD 960- 1279), China Peony Cultivation Center was moved from Chang 'an to Luoyang, with more varieties and more systematic cultivation techniques. A number of theoretical monographs have appeared. The works of this period include "Luoyang Peony" by Ouyang Xiu; Zhou's Peony in Yinjiang Luoyang and Flowers and Trees in Luoyang; Max Zhang's "Luoyang Flower Spectrum" and so on. This paper introduces the cultivation and management of peony, and summarizes a set of mature experiences.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the constant war, Luoyang Peony began to decline, and Chen Zhou Peony took its place. Zhang Bangji wrote "The Story of Peony in Chen Zhou": "Luoyang peony is found in the flower spectrum, not as rich as Chen Zhou peony. Round household flowers are like millet, measured in hectares. "

In the Southern Song Dynasty, the peony cultivation center moved from Luoyang in the north to Tian Peng (now Pengzhou, Sichuan), Chengdu and Hangzhou in the south. The peony cultivated in Tian Peng is the first in Sichuan, and it is known as "Little Xijing". Lu You, a poet, was an official in Shu, and went to enjoy the tour in person, and wrote "The Peony Tree of Tian Peng" (1 178). After the Southern Crossing in Song Dynasty, Hangzhou Peony developed and some novel varieties appeared, such as' Chongtai Jiuxin Lavender Peony' and' Baihua Qingyuan Peony'.

The Yuan Dynasty was the low tide period of peony development in China. There are only a handful of good varieties, and the varieties are degraded. It is rare to see a double-petal variety, because there is "Chiba alone, thousands of people are still in England, especially in the century" (Yao Sui's Preface to Peony)!

In the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), the peony cultivation center moved to Bozhou, Anhui. Xia's "Bozhou Peony Theory" said: "My Bozhou peony has been immersed in the year, and its beauty has changed three times, especially between Ji and Meng. On top of this, there are Tianxiangyipin, Pomegranate Red, Shengjiaorong, Gong Hong Robe, Glass Pearl, New Red, and miscellaneous red is the last, with rare varieties. There is also a kind of rhubarb, which is light and greasy and lovely. The top of the Buddha is green and white first. Generally, safflower is mainly composed of bonus, silver red and peach red. " Another cloud said, "The number of martial arts steps in the thatched cottage is biased. Rate is two colors in a cluster, red and white are different and intertwined. In addition, flat purple is used to celebrate the fragrance. First, insert the three colors of spring and red in its flowers to form an article. Bloom will be brilliant. " This is the first time of Chinese flower arrangement technology.

In the Ming Dynasty, Bozhou peony was famous far and wide, but peony planting in Cao Zhou (now Heze) and the capital Beijing gradually flourished. Around Taihu Lake in the south of the Yangtze River, Lanzhou and Linxia in the northwest have also developed.

Peony was introduced to Cao Zhou and Bozhou in Jiajing (1522 ~ 1567) in Ming Dynasty, and flourished in Wanli (1573- 1620). The two places exchanged varieties, "Cao Hua moved to Bo" ("Cao Zhou Peony Tree" by Yu Pengnian in Qing Dynasty); Bozhou has also introduced many famous Cao Zhou products. For example, The History of Peony in Bozhou records a variety of "golden jade meets splendor", calling Cao Zhou the first product, and there are two kinds of "forbearing to help the red" and "Shi Pinghong", which are also produced in Cao Zhou. "Cao Nan Peony Spectrum" also said: "By the Ming Dynasty, Cao Nan peony had been at sea."

There have been peonies in Beijing since Liao and Jin Dynasties, and peony cultivation has flourished. It is recorded in the examination of Beijing in Ming Dynasty that Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao Dynasty (982- 103 1) went to Changchun Palace to see peony in March of 12 (995). Peony planting flourished in the Ming Dynasty, "Peony was planted inside and outside the Golden Temple". There are three famous gardens outside the city: Liangjiayuan, Tsinghua Campus and Huian Garden.

In Jiangnan, Jiangyin peony flourished in Ming Dynasty. Besides, there are many factories in Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai. Peony is also produced in Guanyang, Guangxi. According to the records of Guangxi Tongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, in Guangxi, "Peony comes from Lingchuan and Guanyang, and Guanyang Peony is one foot high, and the place name is Luoyang."

In the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-1911), peony cultivation in Cao Zhou became more prosperous. "Cao County Records" said: "Peony is not a native product, it first flourished in Charlotte (now Luonan County, Shaanxi Province) and then in Bozhou. At that time, there were six or seven hundred species, arranged in five colors. As for the loneliness of Bozhou today, it is known that it is in Cao Zhou. " "Garden households in Cao Zhou plant flowers like millet, with hectares as the unit of measurement, and cover with pots." (Cao Zhou Peony). In Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, there is also a description of "Cao Zhou Peony Jia Qilu". At this time, it is very common to plant peony in villages in the northeast of Cao Zhou. There are many people who grow flowers into gardens, especially Wang Lizhuang, Hongmiao, Maozhuang and Zhaolou. During the Daoguang period, Zhao Yutian built a garden in the north of the village, which was a masterpiece of the village. The trees around the garden are hedged with mulberry trees, which is called "Mulberry Hedge Garden". He is the author of the Tree of Peony in Muliyuan, with a record of 15 1 species, in which he said, "There are ten counties and two states in the mountains, and English peonies are unique in Cao Zhou. Cao Zhou has ten cities and one state, and peony is alone in Heze. " "Heze is a county, I don't know how many. Peony comes out, but it is a corner of the north of the city, the sun of Lushan Mountain, and it is endless. " Later, there was the "Tree of Peony in Qiyuan Garden", which was recognized by many people. At that time, the planting area had reached more than 500 mu, and more than 10,000 plants were exported every year, which were shipped to Guangzhou, Tianjin, Beijing, Hankou, Xi, Jinan and other places for sale. Most of them are shipped to Guangzhou. There is a saying among local farmers: "Nothing is more suitable for planting fruit trees than papaya and persimmon, or peony and peony are more suitable for planting flowers and trees." Coupled with social hobbies, Heze people are good at planting flowers and peony bark can be used as medicine, so Heze peony has a long-term development.

Peony was also cultivated in most areas of Gansu in Qing Dynasty. Lanzhou, Linxia and Lintao are cultivation centers. Gansu Xintongzhi, compiled in the late Qing Dynasty, once recorded that "there are peonies in all state capitals in Gansu, but Lanzhou is rich in five colors". Yan' an Wanhua, which is located opposite Dufuchuan Huayuantou Village, is rich in peony. Qing Jiajing revised the Records of Yan 'an Prefecture, which recorded that "the source of flowers produces many peonies, and the firewood is rewarded. "People nearby have the custom of enjoying flowers here on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, which has a history of 1000 years.

There are Ningguo Peony and Tongling Peony in Jiangnan Peony. According to the Records of Ningguo County compiled by 1936, "Peony is produced in Ningguo and Panlong, and white and yellow are the most precious ..." As for the peony in Tongling, according to the Records of Tongling County, "There is Bai Mudan in the sinus of fairy peony, which is plain and beautiful. It is said that Ge Hong planted it. " Ge Hong was born in the Jin Dynasty. According to this legend, it has a history of 1600 years.

After the founding of New China, China Peony was restored and developed. At present, the cultivated area of Heze Peony has reached more than 50,000 mu, with more than 600 varieties, making it the largest viewing and scientific research center in the world, ranking first in the world.

A few days ago, six new varieties, such as Queen of Spades and Dongli Yin Nan, cultivated in Luoyang International Peony Garden officially passed the appraisal of relevant departments. So far, the variety of peony in Luoyang has increased from 1030 last year to 1036. [Edit this paragraph] Peony is not only a favorite flower of China people abroad, but also cherished by people all over the world.

At present, peony is cultivated in more than 20 countries in the world, including Japan, France, Britain, the United States, Italy, Australia, Singapore, North Korea, the Netherlands, Poland and Canada. Among them, Japan, France, Britain, the United States and other countries have the largest number of peony horticultural varieties and cultivation.

In fact, overseas peony horticultural varieties originally came from China. As early as 724-749 AD, China Peony was introduced to Japan, which was said to be brought by an empty sea monk. During the period from 1330 to 185 1, the French carried out a lot of breeding of China peony and cultivated many horticultural varieties. 1656, China peony was introduced to Holland by Dutch Immobile Company, and introduced to Yingqiu Garden in 1789, which made it spread in Europe, with more than 100 horticultural varieties. 1880, the French bred wild peony in China, and 1980 bred a number of yellow varieties, which were introduced to Japan and other countries.

The United States only introduced China peony varieties and wild species from China at 1820- 1830, and later cultivated a black peony variety. Peony and peony are planted in many national forest parks in the United States.

British Yuan Qiu is one of the professional gardens that collect many kinds of peony in the world, including many ancient varieties of China and many new varieties of gardening in the world today.

The country with the widest cultivated area and the largest number of overseas peonies should recommend neighboring Japan. Japan is one of the countries most influenced by China culture in the world, and the Japanese cherish peony, second only to China. Therefore, peony is widely planted in many Japanese towns, such as Abe Peony Garden in Tokyo, Hasega Temple and Shiguang Temple in Nara, Sugawa Peony Garden, Okayama Peony Garden, Noxii Master Peony Garden, Department of Horticulture of Chiba University, Shimane China Peony Garden and so on. There are more than 300 local horticultural varieties. There are Golden Pavilion, Golden Sapporo, Jinyang, Kao, Sun, Chudao, Baiyu Lion, Huachen, Fuji Peak, Liantian, Baqiandai and Sunset. According to the book Peony and Peony written by Hiroshi Noi, there are 3 12 species in Japan, of which 2 1 1 species is improved from Japan. Especially in Japan, the "cold peony" that blooms in winter has alarmed the world horticultural community.

Mr. Yu Heng, a professor at Shandong Agricultural University, wrote in the book Peony Flowers: "Peony is also used for garden planting abroad. The plant height can reach 2 meters and the flower diameter can reach 20-30 cm. Every spring, bloom is in full bloom, huge and fragrant, and is crowned with fragrance. Although far from the old country, it also has the style of' Kao'. "