2008 Beijing Olympic Games

On August 28th, 2000, the IOC Executive Board decided that Beijing in China, Istanbul in Turkey, Paris in France, Osaka in Japan and Toronto in Canada were eligible to bid for the 2008 Olympic Games. In February, 20001year, the IOC sent "answer sheets" to 10 applicant cities, asking them to answer 22 questions in six aspects in writing. Before June 20th, all the applicant cities submitted the Answer Sheet as required. After that, the IOC expert group selected the candidate cities for each applicant city. The IOC expert group consists of 17 people. These include the heads of technical, sports, legal and financial departments of the International Olympic Committee, as well as representatives of national Olympic committees, international individual sports organizations, athletes, cities that have hosted the Olympic Games and four experts from outside the sports world. From a technical point of view, they learned from the "answers" submitted by the applicant cities and what everyone said. Four financial cities were shortlisted as candidate cities. Finally, after a comprehensive investigation by the International Olympic Committee, Samaranch, then president of the International Olympic Committee, announced the name of the host city of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow, Russia at 22: 00 Beijing time on July 3, 2000/KLOC-0. Since then, Beijing, China has successfully bid for the 29th Olympic Summer Games (English official name: The Games of the XXIX Olympics Beijing 2008), and decided that the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC), from August 8 to August 24, 2008, and the opening ceremony will be held at 8 pm on August 8. This Olympic Games is the first time that China has hosted the Summer Olympic Games, and it is also the third Asian country to host the Summer Olympic Games after 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games and 1988 Seoul Olympic Games.

The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, the capital of China, from August 8 to 24, 2008. Its three themes are: Green Olympics, People's Olympics and High-tech Olympics. There will be 28 events and 38 events, resulting in 302 gold medals. In 2008, more than 20,000 athletes, coaches and officials will take part in the Beijing Olympic Games. Except for most of the competitions held in Beijing, sailing competitions were held in Qingdao, equestrian competitions were held in Hong Kong, and some football preliminaries were held in Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenyang and Qinhuangdao. On July 8, 2005, at the117th plenary session of the International Olympic Committee held in Singapore, it was decided that Hong Kong would co-host the equestrian events of the 2008 Olympic Games, which was the second time in the Olympic history that Olympic committees from different regions co-hosted equestrian events.

The Organizing Committee of the 29th Olympic Games (BOCOG for short) was established on 200 1, 12, 13. It is the organization that undertakes the 29th Olympic Games and 13 Paralympics in 2008, and is responsible for organizing the preparation and holding of the 29th Olympic Games and 13 Paralympics. BOCOG's leadership and decision-making body is the Executive Committee.

Located in the south of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, the National Stadium is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. The project covers an area of 2 1 hectare with a building area of 258,000 square meters? . There are about 9 1000 seats for the spectators in the venue, including about 1 1000 temporary seats. The opening and closing ceremonies, track and field competitions and football finals of the Olympic and Paralympic Games will be held. After the Olympic Games, it will become a large-scale professional place for Beijing citizens to participate in sports activities and enjoy sports entertainment, and become a landmark sports building and Olympic heritage. The National Stadium is a super-Grade A sports building, with the designed service life of the main structure of 100 years, fire resistance grade I, seismic fortification intensity of 8 degrees, and underground engineering waterproof grade of 1. The main building of the project is a space saddle oval with a length of 333 meters from north to south, a width of 294 meters from east to west and a height of 69 meters. The main steel structure forms a "bird's nest" structure woven by saddle-shaped steel truss in the whole giant space. The total steel consumption of steel structure is 42,000 tons. The concrete stands are divided into upper, middle and lower floors. The concrete structure of the stand is a reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure system, with 7 floors underground 1 floor and above ground. The steel structure and the upper part of the concrete stand are completely separated, and they are not connected with each other, but are enclosed in form, and the foundation sits on the connected foundation plate. The roof steel structure of the National Stadium adopts a double-layer membrane structure, that is, a transparent upper ETFE membrane fixed between the upper chords of the steel structure and a translucent lower PTFE sound-absorbing ceiling fixed under the lower chords of the steel structure and the inner ring side wall.

2 National Swimming Center

The National Aquatics Center (Water Cube) is located in Beijing Olympic Park and is one of the landmark buildings of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Together with the National Stadium, it is located on both sides of the northern end of Beijing's central axis, forming a relatively complete image of a famous historical and cultural city in Beijing. The planned construction land of the National Swimming Center is 62,950 square meters, with a total construction area of 65,000-80,000 square meters, of which the underground construction area is not less than 15000 square meters.

3 National Gymnasium 4 Beijing Shooting Hall 5 Wukesong Gymnasium 6 Laoshan Bike Hall 7 Olympic Water Park

8 China Agricultural University Gymnasium 9 Peking University Gymnasium 10 University of Science and Technology Beijing Gymnasium 1 1 Beijing University of Technology Gymnasium

1 1 Renovation and expansion of venues: (See:/? 146)

12 Olympic Sports Center Stadium 13 Olympic Sports Center Stadium 14 Workers Stadium 15 Workers Stadium 16 Capital Gymnasium.

17 Fengtai Softball Field 18 Yingdong Swimming Pool 19 Laoshan Cycling Field 20 Beijing Shooting Range UFO Range

2 1 Beijing Institute of Technology Gymnasium 22 Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Gymnasium

9 Temporary venues: (See:/? 146)

23 National Convention Center Fencing Hall 24 Olympic Forest Park Hockey Field 25 Olympic Forest Park Archery Field

26 Olympic Forest Park Tennis Court 27 Wukesong Baseball Field 28 Beach Volleyball Field 29 BMX Field 30 Triathlon Field 3 1 City Road Cycling Field

6 Olympic venues outside Beijing: (See:/? 146)

32 Qingdao International Sailing Center 33 Hong Kong Olympic Racecourse 34 Shanghai Stadium 35 Tianjin Olympic Stadium

36 Wulihe Stadium 37 Qinhuangdao Olympic Sports Center

Beijing Olympic Games in 2008

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The 28 major events and minor events of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will remain unchanged. According to the information of the International Olympic Committee, Olympic events are divided into sports events, discipline events and individual events.

Like the Athens Olympic Games, the events of the Beijing Olympic Games are also 28 events, namely:

Track and field rowing rowing rowing badminton softball basketball boxing kayak cycling fencing gymnastics weightlifting ng handball hockey hockey hockey/hockey judo wrestling water sports modern pentathlon baseball equestrian taekwondo taekwondo taekwondo taekwondo tennis table tennis shooting archery triathlon sailing windsurfing sailing volleyball.

Among them, some events have sub-events, and the most sub-events are water events, including swimming, synchronized swimming, water polo and diving. Although there are no disciplines in track and field, there are 46 events, including 24 men's events and 22 women's events, which are the most gold medals in the Olympic Games. Followed by swimming, although there is no subject, there are 32 events, male and female 16.

Rogge made the above remarks when attending the opening ceremony of the 10th National Games in China. He said that although the competition is different from other 28 Olympic events, it is a major breakthrough for Wushu to enter the Olympic stage.

According to Wang Xiaolin, director of the Wushu Sports Management Center of the State General Administration of Sport, Rogge talked about Beijing's Olympic bid in an interview with the media in Nanjing on June 5438+03. This is also the first time that Rogge said that Wushu will become an event in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, and also clarified the rumor that "Wushu will become a performance event in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games".

Fuwa, the mascot of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

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Fuwa is the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games held in Beijing in 2008. Writer Zheng suggested that the number of mascots in this Olympic Games should be the largest. Later, he proposed to match the Olympic rings, which were designed by the painter Han Meilin. It was officially released in June 2005 165438+ 10/1,just before the opening of the Beijing Olympic Games 1000 days. Fuwa is the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. Its color and inspiration come from the Olympic rings, the vast mountains, rivers, lakes and seas of China and people's favorite animal images.

Fuwa conveys the spirit of friendship, peace and initiative to children all over the world, as well as the beautiful wish of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Fuwa are five lovely close friends whose shapes combine the images of fish, giant panda, Olympic flame, Tibetan antelope and swallow.

Fuwa Beibei, Fuwa Jingjing, Fuwa Huanhuan, Fuwa Yingying and Fuwa Nini each have catchy names: Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini. In China, the same name is a traditional way to express love for children. When the names of the five dolls are linked together, you will read Beijing's kind invitation "Welcome to Beijing" to the world.

Fuwa represents the dreams and aspirations of the people of China. Their prototypes and headdresses contain their connection with the ocean, forest, fire, earth and sky. Their image design applies the expression of China traditional art and shows the splendid culture of China.

Bring blessings to all corners of the world. For a long time, China has a tradition of conveying blessings through symbols. Each doll of the mascot of the Beijing Olympic Games represents a good wish: prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck. With the hospitality of Beijing, the dolls brought their blessings to all corners of the world and invited people from all over the world to gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic Games.

Beibei's blessing is prosperity. In China traditional culture and art, the patterns of "fish" and "water" are symbols of prosperity and harvest. People use "carp yue longmen" to mean successful career and dream realization, and "fish" also means good luck every year. Beibei's head decoration adopts the fish pattern of Neolithic age in China. Beibei is gentle and innocent, and she is a master of water sports, which complements the blue ring in the Olympic rings.

Jingjing is a naive giant panda, and wherever she goes, she will bring joy to people. As the national treasure of China, the giant panda is deeply loved by people all over the world. Jingjing comes from the vast forest, symbolizing the harmony between man and nature. His head decoration originated from the lotus petal shape on Song porcelain. Jingjing is simple, honest, optimistic and full of strength, representing the black part of the Olympic rings.

Huanhuan is Fuwa's eldest brother. He is a fire doll, symbolizing the Olympic flame. Huanhuan is the embodiment of sports passion, which spreads passion to all parts of the world and conveys the Olympic spirit faster, higher and stronger. Everywhere Huanhuan went, Beijing 2008 was full of enthusiasm for the world. Huanhuan headdress originated from the flame patterns in Dunhuang murals. He is extroverted and unrestrained, familiar with all kinds of ball games, representing the red ring of the Olympic rings.

Yingying is a clever, agile and flying Tibetan antelope. He comes from the vast western land of China and sends his best wishes to the world. Yingying is a unique protected animal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and a demonstration of the Green Olympics. She represents the yellow ring in the Olympic rings.

Nini is from the sky. She is a swallow spreading her wings and flying. Her modeling creativity comes from the traditional Shayan kite in Beijing. Yan also stands for Yanjing (the title of ancient Beijing). Nini brings spring and joy to people. Wherever she flies, she spreads good wishes of "good luck". Naive, cheerful and agile Nini will make her debut in gymnastics competition. She represents the green ring in the Olympic rings.

Emblem of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games-Seal of China

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The emblem of "Chinese Seal Dancing Beijing" organically combines the seal script, Chinese characters and the five-ring symbol, and is full of profound vitality. The scale of the land reflects the charm of the East and the West; Between strokes, the Olympic spirit sublimates.

"Dancing Beijing with Chinese Seal" is not an ordinary symbol. She is the biggest blank in the list of host cities in the nearly 100-year history of Olympic Games! She is the first step in the history of the Chinese nation hosting the Olympic Games! She is the first interpretation of the Olympic Charter by Chinese civilization! She is still the greatest commitment to the Olympic movement!

The French sculptor Rodin once said, "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not the lack of beauty, but the lack of discovery. " From the perspective of culture and aesthetics, taste her beauty and explore her profound connotation.

1, seal of China

In ancient times, China's seals were called seal, seal, treasure and seal, as well as seal, seal, contract, customs, seal, symbol, contract, pawn and seal, all of which were established names in history. Ancient seal script was very popular in ancient times, and its simple and naive characteristics reflected people's understanding and pursuit of beauty in different times, and it was saturated with the profound and mysterious aesthetic feeling of history. Among them, there is a kind of seal that prints pictures, called Xiao Zhuan.

Xiao Zhuan is a form of seal that existed in the pre-Qin period in China. The Han Dynasty was the heyday of ancient Xiao Zhuan. At that time, there appeared seal patterns such as "Four Spirits Seal", "Tiger Seal", "Deer Seal", "Phoenix Seal", "Fuxi Seal" and "Goddess Holding Snake Seal" depicting national worship and myths and legends. There are also various small seal scripts that reflect real social life, such as "encouraging seal scripts", "playing seal scripts with drums and instruments" and "dancing seal scripts with long sleeves". There are "Niu Geng seal", "juggling seal" and "animal training seal", which reflect the life and entertainment scenes of the Han people from different aspects.

According to relics and historical records, seals were widely used in China at the latest during the Warring States Period. At first, the seal was used as a voucher for commercial exchange of goods and a symbol of credibility. After Qin Shihuang unified China, the use of seals was expanded to represent the rights and interests of those in power, and it was a symbol of the power of those in power.

After learning about the seals in our country, if there is another product, "Dancing Beijing with Chinese Seal", we will find her even cuter. The strokes on her body are like words instead of words, like painting instead of painting; Blend words with paintings, and draw with words; Between strokes, the dance is graceful; In the rhyme, pen and ink indulge; "Beijing 2008" written with bamboo slips and Chinese characters is even more saturated with the profoundness of China's calligraphy art, which not only condenses the development track described by words in ancient seal script in China, but also interprets the mainstream doctrine of the mean in ancient philosophy in China. Together with the red inkpad and the giant square seal symbolizing China, the "Chinese Seal Dancing Beijing" has accumulated a lot of historical information and rich cultural essence. No wonder 1996 Mr. Brad Copeland, the design director of the Atlanta Olympic Games and one of the contestants in the 2008 Olympic Games, immediately excused himself when he saw "Beijing with Chinese seal dancing" from many designs of the emblem: "She is China.

2. Dancing Beijing

"Dancing Beijing with Chinese Seal" symbolizes China's credibility and composure. As the emblem of the sports meeting, she also shows the vitality and charm of Beijing. Beijing is dancing, dancing with the rhythm of the times; Beijing is not only a famous ancient city with rich cultural traditions, but also a modern city with innovative spirit ―― this is another meaning of "Dancing Beijing with China and India".

According to the investigation, the painted pottery basin with dance patterns about 5,000 years ago unearthed in Shangsunzhai, Datong County, Qinghai Province is the oldest original dance image in China. There are three groups of dancers on the inner wall of the pottery basin, and five people in each group dance hand in hand.

In ancient China, there were nine music and dances in the summer. During the performance, the actors wore fur hats and plain clothes, and their styles were quaint. Witchcraft dance in Shang Dynasty was widely used in various sacrificial occasions. There is a dance of "Eight Shu" in Zhou Dynasty, and there are special music and dance institutions in Qin and Han Dynasties. Zhao was a famous dancer in the late Western Han Dynasty. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the gentry enjoyed singing and dancing all day long. Sui and Tang Dynasties were a very prosperous dance era, among which costume dance and Hu Xuan dance were the best. Folk songs and dances in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are also very rich. Only Han people have various names, such as yangko, flower drum, tea picking, lantern, Lianxiang, dry boat and bamboo horse. In modern times, Chinese traditional dance has been full of vitality and produced many excellent works, such as Lotus Lantern, Knife Meeting, Silk Road and Rain.

It can be seen that dance has formed an indissoluble bond with life in various times in China. Ancient ancestors in China held various ceremonies to express their feelings by dancing and offering sacrifices. We will hold the Olympic Games for the first time. For such a worldwide event, of course, it can also be expressed in dance language. Moore, a famous British abstract sculptor, said: "The most prominent feature of all primitive arts is their vitality." It is this kind of vitality that we see from "Chinese Seal Dancing Beijing".

The humanoid picture in Dancing Beijing with Chinese Seal is familiar, and it is a dance in the same strain as Rain on Silk Road in Dunhuang murals. Exaggerated body proportions and postures, stretched brushstrokes and simple composition fully show the enthusiasm and heroism of Beijingers, and unrestrained dancing fully foretells the future of Beijing. We seem to see a dancer full of enthusiasm and hope, passion and vitality, and cheer for those who cheer for him. Of course, he danced not only with people's enthusiasm, but also with the idea of "swifter, higher and stronger" in the Olympic Games.

The Torch of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games-Xiangyun

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The torch of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is 72 cm long, weighs 985 grams and burns 15 minutes. It can burn normally when the wind speed is not higher than 65km/h, and the flame height is 25-30 cm at zero wind speed. It can be recognized and photographed in strong light and sunlight. In terms of technology, one-step forming technology of conical surface and aluminum etching coloring technology are adopted. The fuel is propane, which meets the requirements of environmental protection. The torch shape is made of recyclable and environmentally friendly materials.

The torch of Beijing Olympic Games was inspired by the "auspicious clouds" pattern of "origin and harmony". The cultural concept of Xiangyun has a time span of several thousand years in China, and it is a representative cultural symbol of China. The design of the torch was inspired by the traditional paper roll in China. Paper is one of the four great inventions in China and spread to the west through the Silk Road. Human civilization spread with the appearance of paper. The application of lacquer red, which originated in the Han Dynasty, on the torch makes it obviously different from the torch design of previous Olympic Games. The contrasting colors of red and silver produce striking visual effects, which is beneficial to various forms of media communication. The torch is divided into upper and lower parts, the auspicious cloud pattern and the three-dimensional relief process design make the whole torch elegant and gorgeous, with rich connotations.

The Olympic torch is a hand-held torch approved by the International Olympic Committee to burn the Olympic flame. The Olympic torch is the carrier of the Olympic flame. From the 11Olympic Games in 1936, every Olympic Games has produced a torch that embodies the cultural characteristics of the host country and meets the high-tech requirements, and has become an important legacy of the Olympic Movement.

The torch of Beijing Olympic Games has reached a new technical height in terms of combustion stability and adaptability to the external environment, and it can keep burning under the conditions of strong wind with a speed of 65 kilometers per hour and 50 mm rainstorm. In terms of technology, it is designed with light and high-quality aluminum alloy and hollow plastic parts, which is very lightweight. The lower part is sprayed with high-touch plastic paint, which feels comfortable and is not easy to slip. The torch of Beijing Olympic Games is a product independently designed and developed by China, which has complete intellectual property rights.

The fuel used for the torch of Beijing Olympic Games is propane, which is a cheap common fuel. Its main components are carbon and hydrogen. After burning, there are only carbon dioxide and water, and there are no other substances, which will not pollute the environment. Fully meet the requirements of the green Olympics.

Torch relay route:

The torch relay is divided into overseas relay and domestic relay. The order and cities are: Almaty (Kazakhstan)-Istanbul (Turkey)-St. Petersburg (Russia)-London (UK)-Paris (France)-San Francisco (USA)-Buenos Aires (Argentina)-Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)-Muscat (Oman)-Islamabad (Pakistan)-New Delhi (India)-Bangkok (New Delhi). -Canberra (Australia)-Nagano (Japan)-Seoul (Korea)-Pyongyang (North Korea)-Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)-Hong Kong-Macau-Hainan Province (Sanya, Wuzhishan, Wanning, Haikou)-Guangdong Province (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Huizhou, Shantou)-Fujian Province (Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Changsha, Shaoshan)-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guilin, Nanning and Baise)-Yunnan Province (Kunming, Lijiang-Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Urumqi, Kashgar, Shihezi and Changji)-Gansu Province (Dunhuang, Jiayuguan, Jiuquan, Tianshui and Lanzhou)-Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Zhongwei, Wuzhong and Yinchuan)-Shaanxi Province (Yan 'an, Yangling and Xianyang) Jilin, Yanji)-Liaoning (Shenyang, Benxi, Liaoyang, Anshan and Dalian)-Shandong (Qingdao, Linyi, Qufu, Taian and Jinan)-Henan (Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Anyang)-Hebei (Middle)

Due to the Wenchuan earthquake, the torch relay was suspended from May 19 to May 2 1.

On May 8, 2008, the Beijing Olympic flame successfully reached the top of Mount Everest and was lit at the top of the world, which is also a feat of hosting the Olympic Games in the world.