Several common appellations for husbands by ancient women in China.

At first, the wife called her husband a "lover", which sounds good! From this, it is not difficult to see the glorious and tall image of ancient husbands. In ancient poems, there is a saying that "my concubine rises from a garden in a tall building, and my lover holds a halberd in the open".

The word "lover" does not show gender, and the wife calls her husband "lover"; A husband calls his wife a "lover". It can be seen from here that the status of men and women was generally equal at that time, but this indiscriminate title also brought a lot of inconvenience to the couple.

2. Langer

So later, according to Shuowen Jiezi, the pronunciation and meaning of the word "Liang" were distinguished; Add "Lu" to the right of "Liang" to become "Lang"; Add "female" to the left of "good" to form "mother". Lang stands for her husband, Li Baiyou says, "When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, come trotting around and throwing your childhood", and the poem of leaning on the mountain says, "But it's far from being a lost mountain, and there are ten thousand clusters of Pengshan", and the flower words say, "Please spend a lot of money on Lang to save face".

3. Lang Jun

The ancients thought monosyllabic words seemed too sweet and tired. At that time, except for a few people like Zheng Xiu, many excellent women were still ashamed to call out in front of people. So they add a disyllabic word before or after the end, that is, add a word "Jun" after the word "Lang"; Add a word "Zi" after the word "Niang" and it becomes "husband" and "wife" to show intimacy.

(Note: At first, the word "lady" was only used for young girls. About the Tang Dynasty, it became the title of wife. ) The wife calls her husband "Mr. Lang", which is an elegant address for her husband. The husband calls his wife "lady", which is a nickname for his wife.

4, officer person

Song Dynasty is an era of frequent cultural exchanges between North and South. As for the address between husband and wife, the word "official" appeared in the palace at that time, and the name "official" came into being among the common people. Some wives call their husbands "officials". Up to now, the folks still call the newlyweds "the groom's official" and "the bride". It can also be seen from this title that with the prosperity of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, the family status of men has also reached a new level.

5. Wife and son outside

Waizi In the Song Dynasty, wives also called their husbands "outsiders" or "waizi" in a more elegant way, and husbands called their wives "wives" or "wives". In front of others, there is also a respectful name for his wife, "wife"; These were the favorite names of petty bourgeoisie and pseudo-petty bourgeoisie at that time. Pan Jinlian said that Ximen Qing must be a sweet "Lian Guan"; but Li Qingzhao said that Zhao Mingcheng must be a "wife".

6. Xianggong

If you have seen Beijing Opera, Yue Opera and Huangmei Opera, you will be deeply impressed by the charming shouting "xianggong-"that appears in them from time to time. This shows the popularity of this word in ancient times. This is a step further than the "official", not only the "official", but also the highest official "phase".

Men's family status thus reached its peak. However, whether Tai Chi will come or not, with the intensification of modern women's liberation movement. The status of men is also declining, which can also be clearly seen from the address of husbands.