Relevant knowledge of Henan Opera (development history, popular areas, classic plays, characters, etc. )

Henan Opera, which originated in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, was developed on the basis of popular songs (folk songs and minor tunes) in Henan Province, and absorbed the singing arts of Beiqu Xiansuo, Shaanxi Opera and Zhou Pu Bangzi.

During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty (1736- 1795), Bangzi opera was popular in Henan. According to the content recorded in the inscription at that time, the Ming Palace was the place where all classes of operas prayed for blessings, which was forgotten in the distant years, and I don't know when it was established.

According to Lvyuan Li's Qi Lu Deng (1777) written in the 42nd year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty and the Seven-stringed Records written in the 53rd year of Qianlong (1788), Bangzi Opera was popular in Kaifeng and Qixian at that time, and it was called "Bai Luojuan" with Luo Opera and Juan Opera.

During the Daoguang period (182 1- 1850), "the river bank burst, the temple collapsed, and there were no tiles left", which shows that there was a Bangzi opera in Henan before Daoguang.

After the formation of Henan Opera, due to the different phonetic dialects, it has formed its own unique multi-channel genre in the process of spreading throughout the country: the singing method centered on Fengqiu is called "Xiangfu Tune";

The singing method centered on Shangqiu is called "Yudong Tune", also known as Dongdong Tune; The singing method circulating in Luoyang is called "Western Henan Tune", also known as Xifu Tune and Back Spring Tune. Sha Hetiao, also known as the local bangzi, is a popular singing method in the Shahe River Basin in southeastern Henan.

Henan Opera has been continuously inherited, reformed and innovated on the basis of Henan Bangzi. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Henan was called Henan Opera for short.

Second, the epidemic area

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Culture, except Henan Province, there are professional Henan Opera Troupes in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Taiwan Province and other provinces and cities.

Third, the classic repertoire.

1, spring and autumn match

The Spring and Autumn Competition of Henan Opera is the masterpiece of Chen Suzhen, a master of Henan Opera, and also a traditional repertoire of Henan Opera.

The play tells the touching story of Li Chunhua and Jiang Qiulian who finally got married through ups and downs. The title of the play is named after the characters "Spring" and "Autumn".

Spring and Autumn Match is an old play with traditional singing skills. There are many kinds of plays, many characters and long and tortuous plots. After that, only 20% off "collecting firewood" and "smashing streams" will be played.

In particular, the scene of "Collecting firewood" is the most classic, and it is also a masterpiece of Chen Suzhen's painstaking improvement. It is a passbook drama that combines singing, chanting and performing. It shows the picture of the ancient hero and heroine talking about love while collecting firewood in the wild, and shows the hero Jiang Qiulian's frank personality and courage to pursue love boldly.

2. "Mu Guiying is in command"

Mu, a Henan opera, was originally named Lao Zhengdong or Yang Zhanyin. 1954 was adapted from Song Ci, renamed Mu, and performed by Henan Opera Troupe in Luoyang City, Henan Province.

The play was published in 1956 and included in the third volume of Selected Dramas (1959); The main plot is as follows: Yang Jiajiang led the troops to defeat the Liao army repeatedly, saved the land of the Great Song Dynasty, and the world was at peace;

She Taijun left North Korea and led his family back to Hedong, but loyal She Taijun was worried about national security, so he sent Jinhua to Beijing to inquire. At this time, Wang An rebelled and Wang Songxiu patched it up. Young Wenguang and Jinhua cut Wang Lun at the tinker and won beautiful seals.

When the King of Song learned that the son of Yangmen, he named Mu as the viceroy. For the sake of national security, the old man Mu Guiying put on his old armor and sounded the drums with great pride.

3. "three-top sedan chair"

Sanshangjiao, a traditional repertoire of Henan Opera, is a discount for the whole "fake gold medal". Originally "Fujian Opera", it was adapted and processed by Chen Suzhen, the queen of Henan Opera, in 21 years of the Republic of China 1932, which caused a sensation in the Central Plains.

14 years later (1944), Chen Suzhen taught this drama to Cui Lantian, a master of Henan Opera. Cui Lantian lives in a deep and tragic western Henan accent. She changed this drama into western Henan accent, which still caused a great sensation.

Since then, it has been transplanted to other operas such as Yue Opera, Pingju Opera, Qin Opera, Huangmei Opera, Lu Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Jin Opera, Pu Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingdiao Opera, Huai Opera, Sizhou Opera and Huai Opera.

Fourth, the representative figures

Chen Suzhen 1

Chen Suzhen (1965438+April 30, 2008-65438+March 29, 1994), female, whose real name was Yu Pei, formerly known as Wang Ruoyu. Ancestral home: Fuping, Shaanxi, born in Kaifeng, Henan, a noble family and an official's family. He once lived in Shaanxi, Hubei, Gansu and Hebei, and then settled in Tianjin.

He has served as member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, director of Chinese Dramatists Association, vice chairman of Henan Federation of Literary and Art Circles, deputy of Henan Provincial People's Congress, vice chairman of Henan Dramatists Association, honorary chairman of Hebei Dramatists Association, member of Hebei Federation of Literary and Art Circles, vice chairman of Tianjin Dramatists Association, consultant of Tianjin Cultural Bureau and member of Tianjin Performing Arts Committee.

She was apprenticed at the age of 8, and took to the stage at the age of 10, becoming the first generation actress of Henan Opera. 13-year-old apprentice, known as Ganluo, Henan Opera. She is an educator of traditional opera and a reformer of Henan Opera (integrating classical dance and pantomime into Henan Opera).

He also created the first genre of Henan Opera-"Chen Men (Pai Cheng) Art", which was praised by the audience, playwrights and opera masters as: the master of Henan Opera, the beautiful god on the stage of Henan Opera, Mei Lanfang of Henan, the queen of Henan Opera, the head of the three Ding of Henan Opera, and the king of Bangzi (the king of Henan Opera).

Chen Suzhen is the oldest and earliest artist among the six famous artists of Henan Opera, and also the earliest famous artist. He is the only master in Henan Opera who has the artistic foundation of beauty, purity and ugliness in life.

In addition, five of the six famous actors in Henan Opera are singers, while Chen Suzhen sings while playing, singing and dancing. His superb art is known as the first of the six famous actors in China Henan Opera.

2. Chang Xiangyu

Chang Xiangyu (1 September, 9231May-June, 20041), formerly known as Zhang Miaoling, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city) and was an artist of Henan Opera.

Chang Xiangyu, deputy to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th and 7th National People's Congress, honorary member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He has served as vice chairman of Chinese Dramatists Association, chairman of Henan Dramatists Association, president of Henan Opera Academy, president of Henan Opera School and professor of Shenyang Conservatory of Music.

Chang Xiangyu, with clear pronunciation and mellow voice, is full of luck, sincere charm and novel style. He enters the painting with sound and enters the emotion with sound; The performance is vigorous and fresh, delicate and generous, with profound connotation and distinctive personality. In expressing the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters, it is nuanced and lifelike. ?

Representative works include Mulan, Copying Red, Broken Bridge, Big Sacrifice Piles, People Cheering Horses, The Story of Red Lantern, etc.

3. Ma Jinfeng

Real name Cui, nickname Ginny, from Cao County, Shandong Province, 1922. She is an actress of Henan Opera and one of the six famous artists of Henan Opera.

At the age of 6, Ma Jinfeng studied Hebei Bangzi with his father. At the age of 7, he went on stage to play and changed to Henan Opera at the age of 9. 14 years old, officially leading the play. The early stage name "Flower Moth" was popular in jieshou city in the late 1940s, nicknamed "Gai Jiuzhou". Representative works include Two Flowers Hanging, namely, Mu Gui Ying in the Head, Flower Dynasty and Flower Gun Edge.

He used to be the head of Henan Opera Troupe in Shangqiu and Luoyang, honorary director of Chinese Dramatists Association, and vice chairman of Henan Branch of Chinese Dramatists Association.

4. Tang Yucheng

Male, 1895 was born in Shentaisi Village, Limin Town, Yucheng County, Henan Province. Tang Yucheng is the most representative red-faced (old-school) actor in eastern Henan, formerly known as Angel. He is known as the red-faced king, a famous Henan opera artist, the founder, the red-faced master and the red-faced representative of eastern Henan, and is known as the "red-faced king" and "unicorn boy" of Henan opera.

5. Wang Sujun

Wang Sujun (1933 I), female, was born in the south of Henan. A famous performing artist of the older generation of Henan Opera, a national first-class actor, and a master of Henan Opera, he was once a rare all-round actor who had both Dan and students on the stage of Henan Opera.

Since childhood, he has entered the famous "Two Friends Gang" troupe in Xuchang to study drama, and has performed with the troupe in Xuchang and surrounding counties and cities. With Wang Jingxian and Wang Xiulan, they are also called "Three Kings of Bianjing".

Extended data:

Henan opera singing:

Due to the differences of pronunciation in different places, Henan opera has formed an artistic school with regional characteristics in music. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Henan operas in Luoyang and other places mostly used the lower five tones, while those in Kaifeng and other places used the upper five tones, which formed a sharp contrast.

In order to distinguish, Henan opera artists call the vocals in Luoyang and other places the Western Henan Tune (also known as Xifu Tune) and the vocals in Fengqiu the Eastern Henan Tune (also known as Xiangfu Tune). After the founding of New China, Henan Opera experts subdivided the Eastern Henan Opera into Xiangfu Opera, Eastern Henan Opera and Sha Hetiao Opera.

This division has been widely recognized, that is, the auspicious sound centered on Fengqiu; Eastern Henan tune centered on Shangqiu; The western Henan transfer is centered on Luoyang; Sha Hetiao, also known as "Tubang", is popular in the Shahe region of southeast Henan.

Among them, Xiangfu Tone, Shahe Tone and Eastern Henan Tone mostly adopt the upper five tones, while Western Henan Tone mostly adopts the lower five tones; Nowadays, the harmony between auspicious symbols and Sha Hetiao has declined, but the tunes in eastern and western Henan have shown tenacious vitality.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Henan Opera