Do Muslim women in Sabah, Malaysia get married late?

Malaysia (Malay, English: Malaysia), referred to as Malaysia for short, is a federal country with constitutional monarchy, with Kuala Lumpur as its capital and Putrajaya as its administrative center. The whole country is divided into 13 states and 3 federal territories, covering an area of * * * 330,000 square kilometers. Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia, and its territory is divided into two parts by the South China Sea, namely, Malay Peninsula (West Malaysia) and North kalimantan island (East Malaysia). Malaysia has a population of 32.68 million, of which 69. 1% are Malays and 23% are Chinese.

At the beginning of A.D., ZhaJie, nirvana in fire and other ancient countries appeared in Malay Peninsula. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, the Kingdom of Malacca unified most of the Malay Peninsula. Since16th century, it has been occupied by Portugal, Holland and Britain. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became a British colony completely. Sarawak and Sabah in kalimantan island historically belonged to Brunei, and 1888 became a British protectorate. In World War II, the Malay Peninsula, Sarawak and Sabah were occupied by Japan. Britain resumed colonial rule after the war. Malaya declared independence. 1September 1963 16, the United States of Malaya merged with Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah to form Malaysia (1965 Singapore withdrew).

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multicultural country, and Islam is its official religion. Malaysia is a capitalist country, and its economy developed by leaps and bounds in the 1990s. As one of the four little dragons in Asia, Malaysia has become a striking diversified emerging industrial country in Asia and an emerging market economy in the world. The state implements a new economic policy, giving priority to Malays and indigenous people.

On May 9th, 20 18, the opposition camp hoped that the alliance would win the general election and end the 60-year rule of the ruling National Front.

Regional position

Malaysia covers an area of 330,345 square kilometers (2065,438+06) and is located in Southeast Asia. It is divided into two parts by the South China Sea, with a total coastline of 4 192 km. West Malaysia is located in the south of Malay Peninsula, bordering Thailand in the north, facing Singapore across the Johor Strait in the south, facing the South China Sea in the east and the Straits of Malacca in the west. East Malaysia is located in the north of kalimantan island, adjacent to Indonesia, the Philippines and Brunei.

The peninsula is high in the north and low in the south, and its main mountain range, Tidiwansha Mountain, divides the peninsula into east and west coasts. The coastal areas of sandy sandy land are mostly plains, and the inland areas are mostly hills and mountains covered with forests. The Crocker Mountains extend from Sarawak to the north and cross Sabah, dividing Sabah into east and west coasts.

The highest mountain in Malaysia is Lushan Mountain in Na Ba, with an altitude of 465,438 meters.

Climatic characteristics

Malaysia, located near the equator, has a tropical rainforest climate and a tropical monsoon climate. There are no obvious four seasons, and the annual temperature difference changes very little. The average temperature is between 26℃ and 30℃, and there is abundant rainfall throughout the year. The rainy season is from March to June, 10 to February of the following year. The average annual temperature is 22℃ ~ 28℃ in inland mountainous areas and 25℃ ~ 30℃ in coastal plains.

natural resource

The area is rich in natural resources. The output and export of rubber, palm oil and pepper are among the highest in the world. It used to be a big tin producer in the world, but its output decreased year by year due to over-exploitation. Oil reserves are abundant, besides iron, gold, tungsten, coal, bauxite, manganese and other minerals. Rich in tropical hardwood.

In the virgin forest, there are rare animals and birds that are endangered, such as flying lemurs, giant apes with long limbs and brown hair, white rhinoceros and orangutans. There are also many wild animals such as birds, snakes, crocodiles and insects. Orchids, great apes and butterflies are called the three treasures of horses.

administrative division

Malaysia is divided into 13 states, including Johor, Chittagong, Kelantan, Malacca, Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Glass City, Selangor, Tenggara, Sabah and Sarawak. There are also three federal territories: Kuala Lumpur, Labuan Island and Putrajaya.

state capital

The capital Kuala Lumpur has a population of about 6.5438+0.674 million (July, 2065.438+0.65438 by the Bureau of Statistics of Malaysia), covering an area of 243 square kilometers. The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, which has two functions of sightseeing and communication, is 466 meters high and was once the tallest building in the world. It is one of the tallest towers in Asia, like two silver swords through the clouds. Kuala Lumpur is also a microcosm of this multi-ethnic and multi-religious country. Mosques, Buddhist and Hindu temples can be seen everywhere in the city, and there are more than 20 Christian churches.

Kuala Lumpur

Putrajaya is the administrative center of the federal government, which is located 25 kilometers south of Kuala Lumpur and covers an area of 49 square kilometers. The Prime Minister's Office and some government staff moved in June 1999, and the relocation was completed before 2005.

Cultural practices

address

Malays of the same family don't have a fixed surname, so they don't use it as a title. The first part of the Malay name is their name, and the second part is their father's name. There is a "bin" (for men) or "binti" (for women) in the middle, which is sometimes omitted.

Scenery of Malaysia

In informal situations, the more intimate names for the younger generation are Adik or dik, which means brother or sister, and the names can be omitted. For older men, it can be called pakkik, which means uncle; for women, it can be called Makcik, which means aunt. In daily situations, Encik is used to address men, meaning Mr. so-and-so, and cik is used to address women, meaning Ms. so-and-so.

On more formal occasions, Puan is used to address men and Puan is used to address women. In addition, people with Malaysian titles (such as Datuk and Tanseli) can use titles or names to show their respect.

A gift for the first meeting.

Traditionally, when Malays meet, they rub each other's hands with both hands and then move their right hand to their hearts. For unfamiliar women, don't just reach out and ask for a handshake. Men should nod or bow slightly to women and take the initiative to extend oral greetings. But now western-style handshake is the most common greeting in Malaysia, which can be used by Malays, Chinese or Indians.

have a meal

Malays don't eat pork or drink. In Malay restaurants, there is usually a kettle on the dining table for washing hands. Malays usually grasp food with their right hands, so it is Malay etiquette to wash their hands before and after meals.

Make an interview

Unless the owner allows, you need to take off your shoes before entering the home of Malays, China or Indians. When visiting a Malay family, if the host arranges to sit on a mat on the floor, men should sit cross-legged while women should sit with their legs tilted to the left.

Other taboos or etiquette

Don't point your index finger at others. If you want to give directions, just use your thumb. Don't use your left hand when greeting, shaking hands, giving gifts or receiving things with Malays. It is considered impolite to hold things or say hello with your left hand. Malays are afraid of people touching their heads. No one can touch anyone's head except the teacher or the religious ceremony. Don't show your feet in front of others. Pointing them at others is an insult.

Dress

The traditional clothes of Malay men and women are: men wear collarless shirts, trousers, short sarong around their waists, a "loose ancient" hat and leather shoes. A lady's dress is also a blouse and sarong, as wide as a robe, and is covered with a monochromatic bright scarf. Except for members of the royal family, people generally don't wear yellow clothes. For the convenience of work, migrant workers generally wear light-colored suits, and only wear traditional clothes when they come home from work or visit relatives and friends or major festivals. On various formal occasions, men can wear long-sleeved Buddy shirts in addition to national costumes or suits. Bati shirt is a kind of long-sleeved shirt made of batik cloth, which is thin and cool. It has gradually replaced the traditional Malay dress and become the national costume of Malaysia.

Malaysian cuisine

Under the natural advantages of multicultural races, Malaysia has many special cuisines. Similar to the dishes in other Southeast Asian countries, it is very heavy and flavored with pepper and curry. Among them, the more famous foods are coconut milk rice, satay (chicken, beef kebabs), curry beef jerky, Malay cake, bamboo rice, salad, curry chicken, Indian cake throwing, turmeric rice, Lesha, Hainan chicken rice, Rojak, Bak Kut tea and so on.

language

The official language is Malay, and English has been the actual official language for a long time. 1May 1969 13 Malay became the main language after the ethnic riots. However, English is still an active second language in many fields.

Malaysian English, also known as Malaysian Standard English (MySE), is a form of English derived from British English, although this name is rarely used formally unless it is related to education. Malaysian English is also widely used. It is a spoken language, strongly influenced by Malay, Chinese dialect and Tamil. The government does not encourage the wrong use of Malay, and fines public signs that mix Malay and English.

Because Malaysian Chinese insist on defending the Chinese curriculum in Chinese primary schools, Chinese independent middle schools and junior high schools, and with the support of Chinese newspapers and media, as well as Chinese social organizations (Chinese education, Chinese media and social parties are collectively called the three spiritual pillars of Malaysian Chinese), they can generally talk fluently in Chinese. In daily life and informal occasions, most people in China are used to "Raja Mandarin", which is a mixture of various dialects, English and Malay. Use standard Chinese in schools, radio and television, public formal occasions or speeches in China. However, some Cantonese dialect radio stations, such as 988 and MyFM, will speak dialects at certain times to prevent Chinese people from forgetting their roots.

Chinese have moved to Malaysia for hundreds of years, and their ancestral homes are mostly distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. In various dialects, they also came to the south with their ancestors and continued to spread in Malaysia. Dialects that people still use are arranged from north to south according to their ancestral homes, including Minqing dialect, Xinghua dialect, Minnan dialect, Hakka dialect, Chaozhou dialect, Cantonese, Hainan dialect, Guangxi Cantonese and so on. In rural areas, the same dialect group is relatively concentrated, and a single dialect will appear. In urban areas, although there are one or two strong dialects, most people are familiar with all kinds of dialects and can change their answers quickly.

In order to standardize the use of Chinese in Malaysia, the Chinese Standardization Committee was established on February 6, 2004 at 5438+03.

Malaysian religion

Ma is a nation based on agriculture, so it maintains many primitive beliefs, especially the strong religious color of all ethnic groups. Its religion combines Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism, among which Hinduism has far-reaching influence. Because many ethnic groups have lived together for a long time, they have formed diverse cultural characteristics.

festival

The main festivals are: Eid al-Fitr, Lunar New Year (Spring Festival), National Day, Haz Festival, Lantern Festival, Christmas, Labor Day, Vesak Day, and the birthday of the (incumbent) head of state.