What leisure sports did the ancients have?

Wen/boiled wine gentleman

Ancient China's long history has survived one of the most important way of life is to play, there are a variety of games came into being in China's history, they may not be unique to China, and many of them are the product of China's exchanges with foreign civilizations, but China, with its own strong cultural spirit, to achieve the Chinese of the imported goods, and become part of the Chinese culture.

Broadly speaking, the ancient Chinese game is mainly divided into: board games, games (with the nature of gambling), text and sports four, so today we will give examples of these common around us, but may not be very familiar with the history and culture, into the world of the Chinese people play.

The game is competitive in the end, which is the truth of the past and present, so the Chinese people's game is the most representative of the sports games, as the sports national skills, these things have largely changed the rhythm of life of the Chinese people. Become a representative of Chinese culture, but in the slow long river they more or less experienced mutation and decline, some have ceased to exist.

Polo

Polo in ancient China called "bow", began in the Han Dynasty, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Zhi, "Name of the city" in the poem "even riding the border of the bow, skillful but end of the poem" to describe the situation of the people playing polo, and has been gradually lost, and the Tang Dynasty. Gradually lost, and the Tang Dynasty polo from the Western Persia, became China's most popular activities, playing polo in the Tang Dynasty was popular for a while, not only became the emperor and the aristocracy fitness sports, but also in foreign cultural exchanges also played an important role. According to the literature, at that time, the neighboring Bohai, Goryeo, Japan and other countries have with the Tang dynasty polo games described, the Tang dynasty prince Zhanghuai tomb has a large polo mural, proving that the prosperity of the art of polo at that time, the Song dynasty, polo art and the army honor guard combined, became part of the parade at that time, the analysis of Jinzhi record of the state of Liao as a festival of the traditional custom of playing polo in the end of the Dragon Boat Festival, the ninth hit. Liao Jin also like polo, "Liao Shi - Shengzong Ji" Liao Shengzong "good hit? Longbao? Satin? South Zizi? The muscle d dear muscle Fang steal the treasure spoon treatments? Second to the East Garden batting, shooting willow. Ming "Xuanzong Xingleitu" scroll painted in the Xuanzong appreciate the scene of polo. In the Qing Dynasty, polo was gradually lost, and eventually disappeared from China.

Polo was most popular during the Tang Dynasty: Tang poet Wang Jian's "Palace Lyrics" says of the ball played by the palace ladies: "Newly tuned white horses are afraid of the sound of the whip, and the name of the ball is destroyed through the door". Guo Ying, the governor of Jiannan, watched the women play ball for fun, spending tens of thousands of dollars a day, according to historical records. And Feng Yan wrote the "Feng's Winking" recorded in the King of Linzi Li Longji twenty-four years old to participate in polo matches with the Tubo, he ran to and fro as the wind back to the electric excitement, waving the ball staff, invincible, and pierced through the opponent's door, a great victory, making the Tang Emperor was delighted.

Additionally, Emperor Li Heng of the Tang Dynasty was also a big polo fan, but he died of an injury sustained while playing polo. After Tang Emperor Jingzong Li Zhan succeeded to the throne, his fascination with polo continued unabated, and he recruited some polo players from all over the world to play day and night, ignoring the imperial government. Eventually killed, the Tang emperor in the ball skills on the pattern from time to time renovation, endless, Xuanzong Li ingenious ball skills one of the best, it is said that he hit the ball: "each holding a bow battle to take advantage of the situation to run and leap, transporting the bow in the air, and even hit a few hundred and more than the horse galloped, swift as a thunder and lightning, two years of veteran salty served its ability".

The end of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Xizong is gambling with polo, triggering the infamous "hit the horse to win three Chuan" life Chen Jing? Yang Shili, Castor Niu and Luo Yuangao were about to be released, and Emperor Xizong used the game to determine their preference for the most affluent places to serve. Chen Jing? was the first to hole out and won the post of Xi Chuan governor. This shows his fanaticism.

Puppetry

Song Dynasty Skeleton Phantom Opera Figure, a breastfeeding woman manipulates a huge skeleton to perform, which shows the ingenuity of puppetry in the Song Dynasty

Puppetry, also known as puppetry, comes from the same source as shadow puppetry. How did the puppet come into being? There is no conclusive answer. Henan Anyang Yin ruins unearthed artifacts in ceramic figurines, and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States had a music figurines. Western Han Dynasty tomb excavations have been music figurines, singing and dancing figurines. The joints were already flexible and are considered to be the origin of puppets. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, China had formalized puppetry, which was directly manipulated by people, with puppets dressed up as specific characters and performing simple stories in public". The production and performance of puppetry in the Sui Dynasty had a direct impact on the Tang Dynasty invented the song and dance theater puppets, organs of the wooden people can drink wine and sing and blow the sheng, performance and production has reached a perfect unity. Song Dynasty puppet theater is more famous, "Tokyo Dreaming Records" recorded: "Where the puppet, playing smoke and powder, spirits and monsters, iron riders, public cases, history of generations of rulers and generals story book, or history, or for miscellaneous dramas, or such as the words of the cliff. Such as hanging line puppets, from Chen Ping six odd to solve the siege story also, today there are gold line Lu Dafu, Chen Zhongxi, etc., get as true as no difference, and the walking line is particularly good. There are even staff puppets, most of which are Liu Xiaoshang's family number of Goqi, and its water puppets, such as Yao Shouxian, Sai Baoge, Wang Ji, and Jin Shi Hao, etc., which have made a hundred of actors and actresses. Both the water and a hundred plays, in and out of the situation, the scale of dance away, fish and dragons change to capture the real, the work of art as God."

Yuan Dynasty, the rise of China's shadow art, is a variant of puppetry, to the Zhengde years Beijing had organized a hundred plays, shadow play into Beijing, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties also developed into a heyday.

Hitting the soil

(Three talents will hit the soil)

Hitting the soil is rumored to have been invented by Emperor Yao, but the exact time of its appearance should be in the Eastern Han Dynasty, according to the Eastern Han Dynasty's Liu Xi's "Explanation of the Names", which says: "Hitting the soil, the wild old man's play", and the Eastern Han Dynasty's Wang Chong's "Lun Heng - Art Addition", which further explains that: "It was said that there was a man of fifty years of age who hit the soil on the road, and those who watched him said: 'Great, Yao Deh! He said: 'I work at sunrise and rest at sunset, I dig wells and drink, I plow fields and eat, so what power does Yao have?

(But it is also said that the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, is a popular sport)

The game of hitting the soil, according to the Three Kingdoms Wei Handan Chun "Art of the scripture" has this record: "soil to wood for the front wide after the sharp, long feet four, three inches wide, the shape of its like a shoe. Loam" side to put on the ground, in thirty or forty paces, with a "loam" hit it, hit is considered the winner.

Cao Zhi wrote in "Mingdu": "Mingdu is full of demonesses, and Beijing and Luoyang are full of young men. Their swords are worth thousands of dollars, and their costumes are beautiful and fresh. They are the ones who fight with cocks on the eastern road, and walk between the rowan horses. I was not able to ride halfway, but the two rabbits passed me by. I was able to take the bow and sound the dysprosium, and drove up to the southern mountains. The left arm is pulled by the right arm, and the two birds are linked together in a single movement. The rest of the skill is not ready to be shown, but the hand is raised to catch the flying kite. The spectators were very pleased with the performance, and I was honored by all of them. When I return to the banquet, I will drink ten thousand bottles of wine. The chopping of carp and mackerel. The mackerel shrimp, the soft-shelled turtle, and the paws of the bears. They sat down for a long banquet with their friends. They were all sitting at a long banquet. They were playing bowing and bowing, and they were very skillful. The sun was running in the southwest, and the view was unapproachable. The clouds scattered and returned to the city, and in the morning they came and went again."

The Tang and Song dynasties are full of literary works about the loam. In the Song Dynasty, the soil was transformed from wood to tiles, and "Taiping Yuban

"

recorded that: two bricks, seven inches long and thirty paces apart, were used as the mark. Each with a brick, a square foot throw. The master of the chip with how much. A first thrown broken then get chips, B after the broken then take the first broken loam game, and but the loam also has a name called: throw? /p>

Ming and qing dynasties, hit the soil game became hit the tile, wang qi "three talents will be" described: "soil to wood for the front wide after the sharp, long feet four, wide three inches, its shape as a track. Will play, the first side of a loam on the ground, remote in thirty or forty paces in the hands of the loam knocked, the center for the top" rules of the game, and before the Song Dynasty is also relatively similar.

Banging is the ancient Chinese bowling, but now has been gradually lost.

Punching ball and step playing

Punching ball is the origin of golf, step playing is similar to today's field hockey, both have competitive attributes, and both are spread from polo, but the two sides of the rules and methods of the game are very different,

Punching ball is to hit the ball into the hole, step playing is similar to the field hockey, hitting the ball into the beginning of the game, and both sides of the stick to play competitively.

Whatever you want to do, you can do it with your own stick. The two sides use sticks to play competitively. The game of "Pang Pang" is a game of "Pang Pang". The game is played with a stick. The Lords through the blending 8 condylar moraine? What's the reason for the blending? What's the problem? What's the reason for this? What's the reason for this? The coaching program is a great way to make a difference in the lives of people. How about a eulogy? What are you doing? Choose a horse. You'll be the first to get it. Selling? Selling? Selling? Aaahhhh! What's the name of the river? Selling What are you doing? What is a boil? The "Chi-Yan." The characteristics of the step ball at that time, to the Song Dynasty, step ball derived from this sport of pummeling the ball.

To the Yuan period Ning Zhizhai specialized in the discussion of the pills of the book "pill scripture - set of preface" in the record: "to the Song Huizong, Jin Zhangzong, all love the pills of the pills of the" account, it can be seen that the pills of the pills of the formation of the Northern Song Dynasty should be, according to the "pills of the scripture" record, the pills of the tournament, both grouped, or not grouped. According to the number of participants and the corresponding name, more than one person to participate in the so-called "General Assembly", seven or eight people to participate in the so-called "in the meeting", five or six people are called "small meeting", and three or four people called The least number of participants was two, called "one friend". The least is two people, called "single pair". Punching balls set up ball points, ball points to be inserted next to the colorful flag as a mark; Punching the staff used by the staff points "fling stick" "ladle stick" "Park stick" "one-handed "and so on, for people in different conditions to choose, in today's golf is very similar, but not the same is that golf is 9-18 holes, whack-a-mole is 10 holes, the middle and late Ming Dynasty, whack-a-mole is gradually lost, today, although the game is still very clear, but play whack-a-mole is still not recovered.

Ice Hippie

Ice Hippie is ice skating, according to the "History of Song Dynasty - Rites of Passage" records, Emperor Huizong liked the entertainment on the ice, in the back of the garden "to see the flowers, as the ice hippie" Ming and Qing dynasties, ice hippie is very popular, is unique to the Imperial Palace game, the Ming Dynasty, ice hippie is classified as a sports activity of the court. According to the "leaning clear pavilion miscellaneous notes" records, the sons of rich families in Beijing Jishuitan ice play a kind of "ice bed", will be more than a dozen beds together, above the wine, while drinking wine to drive away the cold, while skating. Qing Dynasty is the golden age of the development of ancient Chinese ice hippie, the Qing dynasty palace popular many ice activities of the collective name. It is both recreational activities and military maneuverability. During the Qianlong period, the big promotion of ice hippie, formed a kind of paradigm at that time.

In recent years, with the "Harem Zhen? The first time I've seen this, I've seen it in the past. Returning to the harvest? to Minamata still 诒本└葱恕? /p>

Wrestling

The so-called wrestling is wrestling, "Rituals - Monthly Order" records: "The Son of Heaven is ordered to marshal the martial arts, practice shooting and defense, wrestling. Proof that the Zhou Dynasty wrestling has appeared, after the Qin unified the six states, the wrestling as a court entertainment, and in the folk also have a certain development. According to the book of han - emperor wudi records, the largest scale has two times, one is yuan feng "three years in the spring, make angle against the play, three hundred miles all come to watch"; one is yuan feng six years "summer, the capital city people watch angle against the play in the upper forest pingle pavilion." Enough to show that the Han Dynasty wrestling activities have been more generally open.

Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao had vigorously promote wrestling activities, in addition to wrestling as a means of training soldiers, but also included in the hundred plays, Sui and Tang dynasties, every Lantern Festival and July 15 in the festival are held in the wrestling competition, many emperors not only love to watch, and some are still wrestling masters. The end of the Tang Dynasty, the court also established a government-run sumo shed, collect and train wrestlers, selected called sumo people, when the court, feasts, festivals, sumo people specializing in wrestling performances. The Japanese ambassador to Tang Dynasty brought this knowledge to Japan, and it gradually evolved into Japan's national sport: sumo. Later, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, after the Ming Dynasty official Chen Yuanbin stayed in Japan, had reformed and developed the Chinese martial arts and wrestling into Japan's current judo.

Works of the Boiled Wine Monarch

2017.08.19