When was etiquette formally formed?

In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, it should be precisely the so-called rites in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which are the laws and etiquette rules that express the hierarchical system. It has a variety of names, including,, fierce Li,, military commander Li and so on. He is a tool to maintain the hierarchy and prevent "trespassing". For example, Zhou Li stipulated in the Ding the number of aristocratic banquets and the types of meat: Wang Jiuding (cattle, sheep, suckling pigs, dried fish, dried meat, belly sacrifice, pork, fresh fish and dried fresh meat), Qi Du (cattle, sheep, suckling pigs, dried fish, dried meat, belly sacrifice and pork) and Wu Zhu (sheep, suckling pigs and pork). There are also differences in the number of music and dance. Since the Duke of Zhou formulated the system of rites and music, no one can modify it. Zhou Wang has the right to punish nobles who violate etiquette. The period from 1 1 BC to 77 1 BC is the Western Zhou Dynasty in the history of China. In the early Zhou Dynasty, in order to strengthen their rule, the rulers implemented the policy of "sealing Wang Jian with the same surname", enfeoffed the royal nobles of the Zhou Dynasty to various places, and established the vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty. After Zhou Wuwang's death, the young king succeeded to the throne, and King Wu's younger brother Ji Dan became the Duke of Zhou. Zhou Gongdan is a loyal minister with both ability and political integrity. Cao Cao once praised his faithfulness by saying "The Duke of Zhou spat and the world turned to his heart" in "A Short Song". Duke Zhou's "Rites and Music System" summarized, inherited and improved it on the basis of "establishing the country by dividing the countries", thus systematically establishing a complete set of "Rites and Music System". There are mainly "Ji Fu" system, "Jue Shu" system, "Fa" system, "eldest son inheritance" system and "Yue" system. Among them, the most important are the eldest son inheritance system and the hierarchy of seniority. The succession to the throne in Shang Dynasty was mostly brothers and sisters, and the succession was uncertain. The inheritance system established by the Duke of Zhou, that is, taking blood as a link, stipulated that the throne of the Emperor of Zhou was inherited by the eldest son. At the same time, other illegitimate children were made princes and great doctors. Their relationship with the son of heaven is the relationship between the local and the central government, and the relationship between the small clan and the big clan. Zhou Gongdan has also formulated a series of strict etiquette systems, such as monarch and his subjects, father and son, brothers, kinship, respect and inferiority, in order to adjust the relationship between the central and local governments, monarch and his subjects and strengthen the rule of the central government. This is the so-called ritual and music system, and this is the orderly society that Confucius pursued all his life. The ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty belongs to the category of superstructure, and it is said that it was formulated by the Duke of Zhou. The "ceremony" formulated by Duke Zhou is the general name of political norms, moral norms and various laws and regulations that maintain the hierarchical system of rulers, and later developed into a hierarchical dogma that distinguishes the noble from the humble. "Music" is a kind of dance music produced in coordination with the etiquette activities of nobles. The scale of dance music must be consistent with the degree of enjoyment. The ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty formed a ritual and music culture and civilization with the characteristics of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a great and far-reaching impact on the culture of China. "Li" emphasizes "don't", which is called "respect"; The function of "music" is "harmony", which is the so-called "kiss". Harmony but difference are two aspects to consolidate the internal unity of Zhou people. The central problem to be solved by "ceremony" is the distinction between honor and inferiority, that is, the patriarchal clan system, and then the establishment of inheritance system. Because there is no strict inheritance system, the Duke of Zhou can certainly be called the "salty king", and Guan and Cai can also betray the royal family for the throne. The small state should consider the experience and lessons of the big state Yin, and the Duke of Zhou knew Xia Yin's history like the back of his hand. Judging from the limited number of people who offered sacrifices to ancestors and brothers and sisters in the Yin Dynasty, they were divided into ordinary people, and the son was more expensive than the mother. Yin is the coexistence of younger brother and younger son, which once led to the "ninth rebellion". After all, it is a biological law to pass on one's younger brother to another. There are contradictions between the younger generation and the younger generation. The younger brother has contradictions between his younger brother's son and his older brother's son. The existence of these contradictions will often lead to royal disputes, which will lead to the decline of royal power and the prosperity of the country. After Kangding, Wuyi, Wending, Diyi and Di Xin in the Yin Dynasty, the system of passing on brothers was abolished obviously, and the system of passing on children was established. Before the Duke of Zhou, Zhou did not establish the tenure system, and the successor of King Tai was not Tai Bohe, but Li. King Wu had a brother named Bo Yigao, but King Wen took King Wu Ji Fa as his prince. Since the Duke of Zhou, "Cheng Wang, Kang Wang, Mu Wang, * * * Wang and Yi Wang" have been handed down from generation to generation. This is no accident. The establishment of this system, that is, the eldest son inheritance system, should be attributed to the Duke of Zhou. After the establishment of the eldest son inheritance system, only the eldest son has the right to inherit, thus legally exempting brothers from competing for the throne and playing a role in stabilizing and consolidating the order of the ruling class. The eldest son inheritance system is the core of patriarchal clan system. Duke Zhou combined the patriarchal clan system with the political system and created a complete superstructure serving slavery. Zhou is a big family in the world, but for Zhou, the princes named Ji are small families. These vassals are all very big in their own countries, and all of them have the same surname as Doctor Qing, forming a pagoda-shaped structure, with Zhou at the top. One of the purposes of conferring governors with the same surname in the Zhou Dynasty was to form this political structure of combining blood, which was a big step forward compared with the alliance form in the Yin Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty shared the same surname but never married, and the Emperor of Zhou regarded the princes with different surnames as nephews and uncles. Blood marriage constitutes the ruling system of Zhou people. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, its weaknesses were exposed, and the county system replaced the enfeoffment system. However, under the specific conditions at that time, there was no doubt that a hierarchical political institution with Huaxia nationality as the main body was formed, which was far more progressive than that ruled by Yin people. The patriarchal clan system will inevitably promote the maintenance of the hierarchical etiquette of the respect of father and son, brother, son of heaven and vassal. This etiquette is the externalization of affiliation. On the other hand, it played a role in consolidating the patriarchal clan system, with the aim of maintaining patriarchy and the rule of Emperor S6. Any violation of etiquette, dormitory, clothing, utensils and other specific provisions. Will be considered indecent and trespassing. If Zhou Tianzi can grant people territory, it must be based on state-owned land. "The world is the land of kings, the land of leaders, and the king's minister?" (The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Beishan) In the heyday of Duke Zhou's martial arts, this was not fiction. The resulting "the ground is not delicious"; Land is not allowed to be bought or sold, and I am afraid it is also from the Duke of Zhou. Duke of Zhou can grant Jiang Taigong the privilege of conquering alone. Then, I am afraid that "the conquest of rites and music comes from the son of heaven" was established in the Duke of Zhou or earlier, and it was legally established by the Duke of Zhou. In order to strengthen the central dynasty's rule over local areas, the system of conferring titles, patrolling hunting and paying tribute was probably determined by the Duke of Zhou on the basis of summing up the experience of the previous generation. On the one hand, Duke Zhou's system of rites and music is systematic on the basis of summarizing the previous experience, on the other hand, it is also a summary of Zhou people's concrete practice.