What are the methods of escape from an earthquake?

my country has entered a period of frequent earthquakes, and it is important for us to understand some earthquake escape methods. Today, the editor of SmartView brings you some information about earthquake escape methods. Let’s take a look!

Earthquake escape methods: The earth shakes for about 1 minute. The first thing you should consider at this time is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, take shelter under a sturdy table with a low center of gravity and hold on to the legs of the table. In situations where there is no place to hide, such as a table, you should protect your head with a cushion or other objects.

During a major earthquake, there may be situations where fire trucks cannot be relied upon to put out fires. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off and extinguish fires are important factors in controlling earthquake disasters to a minimum.

Get into the habit of turning off the fire even if there is a small earthquake.

In order to prevent the fire from causing a catastrophe, it is extremely important not only for the family members, but also for the neighbors to help each other and put out the fire early.

During an earthquake, there are three opportunities to turn off the fire:

The first opportunity is during the small shaking before the big shaking.

The moment you sense a small shaking, immediately greet each other: ?Earthquake! Turn off the fire!?, and turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc. that are in use.

The second chance comes when the big shaking stops.

It is very dangerous to turn off the fire when there is a big shaking, and the kettle placed on the gas stove or heating stove will fall down.

After the big shaking stopped, he shouted again: ?Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire!?, and turned off the fire.

A third chance after catching fire.

Even if a fire occurs, it can still be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out fires quickly, always place fire extinguishers and fire buckets close to the fire site.

After an earthquake, it is very dangerous to run outside in a panic and be hit by broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. In addition, cement prefabricated board walls, vending machines, etc. are also in danger of collapse. Do not approach these objects.

In houses with reinforced concrete structures, the shaking of earthquakes can cause doors and windows to become misaligned, making it impossible to open the doors. There have been cases where people have been locked in the house. Please open the door and secure the exit.

Always think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders, ropes, etc.

When the earth shakes violently and the standing becomes unstable, people will have the mentality of clinging to something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will become objects to cling to. However, these things that look sturdy are actually dangerous.

During the 1987 submarine earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, many people were killed and injured due to the collapse of cement prefabricated walls and door pillars. Be sure not to take shelter near cement prefabricated board walls, door pillars, etc.

In busy streets and building areas, the most dangerous thing is that glass windows, billboards and other objects fall down and injure people. Be careful to protect your head with your hands or a handbag.

In addition, you should also pay attention to the vending machine tipping over and injuring people.

When you are in a building area, depending on the situation, it is safer to enter a building to take shelter.

In department stores, underground shopping malls and other places with a large number of people, the most terrifying thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of store staff and security personnel.

As far as earthquakes are concerned, underground streets are said to be relatively safe. Even if a power outage occurs, emergency lighting will turn on immediately, so please act calmly.

In the event of a fire, it will immediately be filled with smoke. Evacuate with your body lowered and never smoke.

If you take the elevator

In the event of an earthquake or fire, the elevator cannot be used. If you encounter an earthquake while taking the elevator, press all the buttons for each floor on the operating panel. Once it stops, leave the elevator quickly and evacuate after confirming safety.

Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control their operation. When an earthquake occurs, it will automatically move and stop on the nearest floor.

If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management office for help through the dedicated phone in the elevator.

When a major earthquake occurs, the car will feel like its tires are flat, making it difficult to control the steering wheel and drive. You must pay full attention to avoid intersections and stop the car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, the middle part of the road must be cleared.

Most roads in the urban center will be completely closed to traffic. Listen to your car radio and follow the instructions of the police if they are nearby.

When it is necessary to evacuate, in order to avoid being involved in a fire, please close the car windows, insert the car keys in the car, do not lock the car doors, and act together with the people around you.

In mountain sides and steeply sloping areas, there is a risk of landslides and rockfalls. You should quickly evacuate to a safe place.

On the coast, there is a risk of tsunamis. If an earthquake or tsunami warning is issued, please pay attention to the information on the radio, television, etc., and evacuate to a safe place quickly.

When a fire caused by an earthquake spreads and burns, posing a danger to life or personal safety, take evacuation measures.

In principle, the method of evacuation is to use citizen disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. as units, and to evacuate on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police. The items carried should be minimal. Never use cars or bicycles to evacuate.

For the evacuation of patients and others, the cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable. From usual times, it is necessary for neighbors to agree on evacuation methods in advance.

When a major earthquake occurs, people are easily shaken psychologically. To prevent chaos, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly and based on correct information.

Grasp correct information from portable radios, etc. Trust the information you get directly from the government, police, firefighting and other disaster prevention agencies, never believe irresponsible rumors, and do not act rashly.

Earthquake self-rescue knowledge A. If you are in the bedroom

Never get under the bed: After an earthquake, houses sometimes collapse to form triangular spaces indoors. These places are the only places where people can survive. Safe places can be called shock-absorbing spaces, which include places with small openings such as under the edge of the bed, under solid furniture, at the base of interior walls, in corners, etc. In the past, people thought that it was safest to get under the bed, but it is not the best hiding place because you can hide under the bed but not escape.

Avoid hanging objects above your head: Choose a place where there are no hanging objects above and no power plug nearby to prevent secondary disasters caused by falling objects and causing injuries and power cord fires.

Do not enter the closet: During the Tangshan earthquake, someone got into the closet to hide. When the rescue team found him a few days later, he was intact, but he suffocated to death.

Open the door: The hiding place should be close to the door. It is best to open the door. You can lean against the door frame and hold your head in your hands. Be ready to move at any time when the earthquake is over and prepare a way to escape.

B. If you are in the living room

Treat the living room as a transfer zone: Modern people's lives have become richer. After the spacious and bright new living room appears, its function is also changing, becoming a daily meeting place. Guest and leisure areas. The living room is a place that is accessible in all directions and free of accumulations. During an earthquake, the living room should be regarded as a safe evacuation zone.

Escape tools should be placed in a conspicuous place in the living room: Chinese people’s traditional habit is to lock escape tools deep in the cabinet, so that they will not work once they are used. Escape tools should be placed in a conspicuous place in the living room so that people in each room can pick them up and run away.

C. If you are in the bathroom

This is the safest place: If you happen to be in the bathroom when an earthquake occurs, congratulations, your chance of survival is much greater. During an earthquake, the smaller the room, the safer it is; the larger the room, the greater the vibration and the easier it is to collapse. Most of the bathroom walls are load-bearing walls, and there are fewer falling objects from the roof, which is relatively safer.

Water source is very important: Guarding the water source is a major advantage of the bathroom. During the Tangshan earthquake, some people relied on water to survive for a long time.

Don’t crowd together: Everyone knows that the bathroom is the safest, but when an earthquake occurs, the whole family should not hide in the bathroom together. Spreading out and hiding can increase the chance of survival. Because it is not certain where is the safest place during an earthquake, but it is relatively safe. People spreading out and hiding means that there are always people outside just in case, who can carry out immediate rescue after the earthquake.

D. If you are in a high-rise building

Stay away from the windows of high-rise buildings: During an earthquake, the wall of a high-rise building facing the road is very unstable, and you should stay away from the windows of high-rise buildings. Today's buildings are generally of frame structure. The bricks serve as a barrier against wind and rain, but they are not load-bearing. During an earthquake, the frame is often there and the wall is gone. If people hide under the windows, they can easily be thrown out.

Never take the elevator: When an earthquake occurs, you must not use the elevator. Once the power is cut off, it will be stuck in there and cannot come out. If you encounter an earthquake while taking the elevator, you can press all the buttons on each floor on the operating panel. Once it stops, leave the elevator quickly and evacuate after confirming safety.

Where to run depends on the situation: after an earthquake occurs, do you have to run down? The answer is not necessarily. Especially for residents living on high floors, the principle of where to run should be the closest. If it is closest to the ground, run to the ground. If it is closest to the roof, run to the roof. In short, you can see the sky and the earth and be able to contact the outside world. , relatively safer.

Confirm the escape route or the escape route: When escaping, you must take the escape route. High-rise buildings themselves are cupping pots. When designing today's high-rise buildings, some have designed special fire passages for clearing fires. Be sure to distinguish them clearly.

The use of escape ropes is divided into groups: some families are equipped with escape equipment, such as rappelling ropes, which must be used during the calm period after a round of earthquake waves. I would like to remind you that the person using the rappelling rope must be trained. During the rappelling process, the support of the feet is needed. Otherwise, it is no different from jumping off a building, just with an extra rope.

E. If you are in a short building

Brick-concrete buildings are more likely to collapse: Comparing under the same conditions, brick masonry, the main load-bearing material of brick-concrete structures, is a brittle material. The seismic performance is poor, and the frame structure is slightly better. After an earthquake, people living in old brick and concrete buildings should be more proactive in looking for opportunities and evacuate quickly.

Be sure to escape in order: During the rescue at the Wenchuan earthquake site in 2008, it was discovered that in some places the victims in the building were in the aisles, stairs or near the door of the house. This shows that people fled during the earthquake, but were buried by collapsed houses before they could reach safety.

During an earthquake, when a group escapes, they must escape in order. Those in front leave time for those behind to escape.

Don’t jump from low floors: If you live on the first or second floor, don’t choose to jump to escape. Jumping from a building will not only cause fractures, but also cause injuries from heavy objects falling from high places.

F. If you are in a bungalow

Indoor falling objects are the most dangerous: residents living in bungalows, if they are indoors when an earthquake occurs, they should immediately hide on the edge of the kang, under the wall, or under the table And under the bed. Try to use items around you, such as quilts, pillows, etc., to protect your head. Because the space in a bungalow is narrow and there are many things in the house and they are placed at high places, it is easy to cause falling injuries during an earthquake.

Be careful to avoid broken wires when escaping: If you are by a door or window, and there are no other dangerous buildings outside the window, you can immediately escape to the open space in the middle of the yard. Electric wires are scattered in bungalow areas, and the fire rate is particularly high during earthquakes, so special precautions must be taken.

The biggest danger is the street: the road in the bungalow alley is narrow, and there are self-built houses everywhere. The collapsed houses may have covered the road, and the escape route is not smooth. Can you escape at this time? , it depends on your fate.

The most undesirable behavior: Never hide under the rafters or hide by the windows. Do not escape and then return to retrieve your property.

G. If you are in school

The desk is a life-saving straw: if an earthquake occurs during class at school, you should quickly hold your head and hide in your respective classroom under the instruction of the teacher. Under the table.

Evacuate in an orderly manner and away from the corner of the building: After the earthquake, you should follow the usual escape training and move outside the classroom in an orderly manner under the arrangement of the teacher. During the evacuation process, stampedes are most likely to occur at the corners of the stairs, so pass in an orderly manner.

The playground is the safest: When in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down and protect your head with your hands, and be careful to avoid tall buildings or dangerous objects.

H. If you are in a car

Never hide in the car: the car looks very strong, but in fact it is just a thin layer and is vulnerable. When a major earthquake occurs, if you are driving, your car will feel like a flat tire, making you unable to control the steering wheel and making it difficult to drive. At this time, you should avoid the intersection, stop the car by the side of the road, and then immediately get out of the car and squat beside the car with your head in your hands.

Hold the handrails and lower the center of gravity: If you are sitting in a moving electric car during an earthquake, you have to use local materials, hold the handrails, lower the center of gravity, and hide near the seat.

I. If you are in a public place

Don’t panic and rush to the exit: whether you can escape depends on whether there are good institutional guarantees. After the earthquake, the public place was dark, and frightened howls could be heard everywhere. Never rush toward the exit in a panic, avoid crowds of people, and avoid being squeezed against walls or fences.

Hide next to a nearby large pillar: Instead of rushing around, it is better to squat or lie under a row of chairs, avoid chandeliers, fans and other hanging objects, and protect your head. In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibition halls, subways, etc., you should choose strong counters or pillars or inner corners to squat on the spot.

Stay away from these places: Stay away from glass showcases, doors, windows or glass counters. Avoid tall, unstable shelves or shelves containing heavy or fragile items. Avoid hanging objects such as billboards and chandeliers.

J. If you are outdoors

Choose an open area nearby: squat or lie down immediately to avoid falling; do not run around and avoid crowded places.

Avoid tall buildings: Avoid buildings, especially tall buildings with glass curtain walls; do not stay above or below overpasses or overpasses.

Avoid dangerous objects, tall objects or hanging objects: Pay attention to avoid billboards, street lights, material storage areas; avoid transformers, telephone poles, street lights, etc.; also pay attention to the overturning of vending machines Hurtful.

Avoid other dangerous places: avoid narrow streets, dilapidated houses, fences, parapets, high facades, under awnings, etc. Also pay attention to avoid high-voltage lines and sewers.

Protect your head: In busy streets and building areas, the most dangerous thing is glass windows, billboards and other objects falling down and injuring people. Be careful to protect your head with your hands or handbags. department.

K. If you are at the beach

The higher the better, the further the better: on the coast, there is a risk of encountering a tsunami. If you sense an earthquake or hear a tsunami warning, you should move away from the coastline as soon as possible to avoid the tsunami that may be generated by the earthquake. Run to higher ground, the higher the better. If you are on a boat during a tsunami, follow the boat to the deeper sea, because the tsunami becomes more dangerous as you go farther away. In short, either go higher or farther away.

Disease prevention after earthquakes Common diseases after earthquakes include the following:

The first category is intestinal diseases, such as hepatitis A, dysentery, infectious diarrhea, enteritis, etc. Paying attention to drinking water and dietary hygiene is the key to preventing intestinal infectious diseases.

The second type of communicable diseases is insect-borne diseases.

The so-called insect-borne infectious diseases refer to diseases spread through the bites of flies, various insects and mosquitoes on children, such as Japanese encephalitis, malaria, etc. The main vector of such infectious diseases is mosquitoes.

The third category is diseases caused by human and animal diseases and natural foci. Common ones include plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, anthrax, etc.

The fourth category is infectious diseases caused by skin damage. Like tetanus, leptospirosis.

Do not put soil in direct contact with damaged skin wounds. Those with damaged skin should be injected with tetanus antitoxin promptly, and the wounds should be thoroughly debrided and sutured. In severe cases, it is recommended to go to the hospital for treatment.

The fifth category of common infectious diseases, such as meningococcal meningitis, measles, influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases, are often prevalent among children.

The sixth category is to prevent the potential danger of food poisoning.

Category 7: There are hidden dangers to drinking water safety due to the damage and pollution of water sources and water supply facilities.

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