Appreciating Shanxi Three Carvings in Micro-class (1)

Let children have the qualities of discovering beauty and thinking independently.

Shanxi traditional folk houses have a long history and unique style, and have distinctive features in China traditional folk houses. Its external image is tall and concise, and its internal architectural decoration is famous for its meticulous work. The technology of Shanxi brick kiln is very mature, so the traditional houses in Shanxi are mostly decorated with brick carvings. In addition, the stone carvings and wood carvings in Shanxi traditional houses are also the highlights of decoration, with exquisite craftsmanship and high artistic value. These decorative means make Shanxi traditional houses present an ancient and elegant temperament.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the art of three sculptures in the architectural decoration of traditional dwellings in Shanxi reached its peak, with diverse themes and rich contents. They are decorated with arches, doors and windows, sparrows, pendants, walls, curtain racks, pillars, door pillows and so on.

Craft Techniques of Architectural Decoration of Traditional Dwellings in Shanxi In the architectural decoration of traditional dwellings in Shanxi, sculpture is the most important means of expression, and the theme is mostly auspicious patterns, and the materials used are mainly bricks, wood and stone. Wood carvings are mostly round carvings, reliefs and carvings. , usually distributed in the portal, window lattice, screen, partition, hanging, plaque, vertical column, sparrow replacement, goulan, beam Fang and other building components. Because wood is easy to carve and splice, wood carving has the most extensive uses and themes. Brick carvings mostly use high relief, through carving and convex carving, which are mainly distributed on building components such as roofs, eaves, shrines, gables, screen walls, stilts, chimneys and parapets. In addition, the application of stone carving is also very common. Artistic techniques are either floating or carving, or yin or yang, absorbing many skills and crafts, and the image is full and solemn. It is mainly distributed in pillar cornerstone, door pillow stone, cornice, spillway, horse stone, horse stone and ornamental stone lions, steles and other building components. The patterns of the three sculptures are exquisitely conceived, exquisitely handled and have different areas. A small area has a local embellishment function, and a large area gives people a harmonious aesthetic feeling, adding to the landscape of the building, which has outstanding symbolic significance and high use value and appreciation value.

For example, the three-sculpture decorative art of Qiao's courtyard inherited the carving decorative techniques of ancient Chinese architecture and reached a new height through the imagination and innovation of folk artists in the Qing Dynasty. Every pattern and every shape contains certain content and rich cultural connotation, and it is by no means a handicraft with simple shapes and patterns. They fully demonstrated the exquisite carving art and craftsmen's skillful skills in this period from different angles.

Artistic expression of architectural decoration of traditional dwellings in Shanxi The architectural decoration of traditional dwellings in Shanxi expresses highly generalized abstract concepts, such as humble or lofty, depressed or excited, quiet or happy, quiet or lively, poor or rich, and even a certain philosophy of life, by conveying concrete and sensible images.

First, the expression of image. The carving decoration of Shanxi traditional residential buildings is an image art, and it is the most widely used expression method in architectural decoration to express abstract concepts by using concrete animal and plant images in nature. These carved images have different meanings. For example, a fierce lion is the king of beasts and a symbol of power and strength. Turtles, cranes and pines symbolize the immortality of Taoist immortals, which is as long as heaven and earth. Orchids mean nobility; Plum blossoms symbolize pride; Chrysanthemum symbolizes seclusion; Peony is a symbol of being rich and expensive; Ganoderma lucidum and Xiangyun are symbols of good luck. These natural images are the themes in the architectural decoration of traditional houses in Shanxi.

Second, the expression of homophonic analogy. In the architectural decoration of traditional dwellings in Shanxi, the homonym of theme names is often used to express specific ideological content. This method is called homophone analogy, which is a unique phenomenon in China language. Lions and things, bats and blessings, lotus and lotus, fish and fish. For example, the brick carving lion rolling hydrangea in the Wang family courtyard uses lions and "things" to express the wishes of all the best and rolling financial resources.

Third, the expression of repeated use. If architectural decoration art is compared with painting and sculpture art, their similarities are all visual image art, but the difference is that architectural decoration is attached to the building and becomes a part of the whole building, and rarely exists independently, and its form is controlled by building components. The theme images used in architectural decoration often appear in buildings continuously and repeatedly, and they are often used in pieces and lines, which is precisely the taboo in painting and sculpture. Architectural decoration expresses specific intentions and strong wishes or expectations by repeating a certain theme.