Naxi architectural style and characteristics of the discussion

Naxi architecture everywhere reflects the harmonious relationship between man and nature, especially represented by the residential architecture in Lijiang. Naxi dwellings pay great attention to the decoration of the houses, focusing on the doorway, the wall, the patio, the outer porch, the door and window partitions, the beams and pillars, etc., reflecting the Naxi culture and the philosophical values therein with distinctive features. Now we will come together to understand the architectural style and characteristics of the Naxi people.

Types of Naxi residential buildings

According to the geographical environment, natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, as well as cultural and technological development of the village distribution area, the Naxi residential buildings have different types. For example: in the alpine mountainous areas, a small number of well-dried "wooden houses", "wooden houses" are preserved; in the Lijiang dam or river valley area, earth and wood or brick structure of the tiled house is very common, and to "three houses a wall", "four walls", "four houses", "four houses", "three houses", "four houses", "four houses", "four houses", "four houses", "four houses". ", "courtyard" is the main, collectively known as the "Naxi Yakata".

Alpine mountainous area - "wooden house"

Alpine mountainous area of the well dry "wooden house", is the Naxi residential in a more primitive form, simple structure, the four walls are made of peeled skin. During the fall harvest, some residents dry grain on the roof.

Lijiang dam, Jinsha River on both sides of the residential houses - "Three Square and One Shining Wall", "Four Courts", "Two Courts "

The houses on both sides of the Lijiang Dam and Jinsha River are mostly characterized by the "Three Square and One Shining Wall", "Four Courts" and "Two Courts". "Three houses and a wall" is the most common form of Naxi dwellings, that is, the main house of a house, the left and right side of the room each a house, plus the main house opposite a wall, surrounded by a courtyard. The "courtyard" is to remove the "three houses and a wall" facing the main house of the wall and a house instead of a house, by the main house, the lower room, the left and right rooms (i.e., four houses) composed of a closed courtyard. The "twofold courtyard" is "three workshops and a wall" or "courtyard" of a compound courtyard, that is, the main house of the left and right or before and after another attached courtyard.

The "double courtyard" is more common in rural dwellings, where the main courtyard is used as the owner's residence and the annexed courtyard is used to raise livestock. People and animals are separated, living in a clean and comfortable way, without interfering with each other. Whether it is the "Three Square and One Shining Wall", "Four Courts", or "Two Courts", the patio of the courtyard is used for different functions in the city and the countryside, and the city is paved with masonry and planted with flowers and plants; In the countryside, in addition to being used for living, it is also used as a place for drying or processing grain. Flowers, trees and fruits are planted in front of and behind the house. Behind the house, every family has a vegetable garden.

Lijiang Dayan Town--Ancient Town Houses

The ancient town houses in Lijiang Dayan Town are fully integrated with the topography, environmental conditions and road network for layout, and the buildings follow the nature by following the mountains and the water, following the mountains and the trend, and living in the north, facing the south, and living towards the sun. The residential architecture pursues the harmony between people and the natural environment, and the external geographic environment is organically integrated with the flowers, plants and trees in the courtyard to create a comfortable living environment.

According to the different locations of residential compounds, they can be divided into street, along the river (across the river), mountain. Some of them are hidden in the green pines and cypresses, and have a special flavor; some live across the river, and are full of interest; some prefer lively, living in the city; some are willing to calm down, choose the outskirts of the city. There are about thousands of courtyards of different sizes in the ancient city, the side of the street are set up for stores, very lively; but into the courtyard, because the Naxi people are good at creating a residence, patio planting flowers and plants, appearing to be serene and harmonious.

Regional characteristics of Naxi residential architecture

Naxi is a very open-minded, culturally adept at learning the nation, learn from the best, in the residential architecture absorbed the Han's white walls, the Bai's door and window carvings, the Tibetan wooden columns and other advantages of the building, fusion of multi-ethnic cultural elements in one, the formation of a beautiful, unique, practical, and unique national residential Architectural style. Lijiang area and the Jinsha River and Lancang River coastline have favorable climate and luxuriant plants, which are rich in timber resources suitable for construction, and there are sufficient stone resources. Local products, determines the choice of building materials and architectural style.

Naxi residential construction is mainly wood and stone, can be local materials, fully embodies the use of materials, things as much as possible features, has a distinctive regional characteristics and typical significance. According to the different geography, climate and materials, the choice of building materials for Naxi dwellings is also different. For example, the Naxi living in Lijiang Dam and along the Jinsha River and Lancang River, because of the surrounding soil and stone less, more wooden structure, rammed earth walls of the tile-roofed house; living in the forested mountainous areas of the Naxi, because of the timber, go out to get the material, the main use of the well-drying type "wooden corrugated room" building form, or wooden structure, adobe houses, roofs, tiles or wooden boards; living in the forests of the mountains. Cover tile or cover the board; living in the Tiger Leaping Gorge next to the Naxi, because of the steep mountains here, cliffs everywhere, soil less tree less, so the stone wall, roof cover slate or tile, even indoor furniture is also mostly made of stone.

It can be seen that the natural environment on the development of human survival, especially in the form of residential architecture. The Naxi people are summarizing the long-term experience of life, and gradually formed with the natural environment compatible with the form of residential and lifestyle.

The Naxi people pursue a simple, realistic and clear style of residential architecture. Most of the wood used in Naxi residential buildings is not painted, keeping the original color, and the doors and windows are carved with clear patterns. In addition to a large number of Naxi dwellings in Lijiang, the breccia produced at the foot of the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain is also the main building material. Such as the ancient city can be seen everywhere with a long strip of stone pavement, a long time to step on the stone grain is clear, simple expression of the natural beauty of the material. Naxi people also use breccia stone to make the courtyard stone benches, stone tables, stone flower pots and put flower pots of stone short columns and so on.

Bricks are often used in important parts of Naxi dwellings, such as doorways, mansions, wall edges and corners, etc., and are also used to pave the ground on the patio. The use of tile in Naxi dwellings has a kind of originality, not only used to cover the roof, but also used to pave the ground on the patio, using tile and brick to spell out a variety of beautiful patterns, such as "spring", "summer", "autumn", "winter", "spring", "summer", "autumn", "winter", "autumn", "autumn", "winter", "autumn", "autumn", "autumn" and "winter". ", "summer", "autumn", "winter" and "happiness", "fortune", "fortune", "life", "Xi" and other auspicious characters, become a feature of the use of building materials of the Naxi people's homes.