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Background information about Journey to the West
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The Journey to the West mainly depicts the story of Sun Wukong who protects the Tang Monk to fetch the scriptures from the West through 981 difficulties. The Tang Monk's quest for scriptures is a real thing in history. About 1,300 years ago, that is, the first year of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty (627), the young monk Xuanzang, who was only 25 years old, left the capital city of Chang'an, and traveled to the Tianzhu (India) to study. After his departure from Chang'an, he traveled through Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and finally arrived in India after enduring hardships and dangers. He studied there for more than two years and was acclaimed as the chief lecturer at a large debate on Buddhist scriptures. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures. He took the scriptures in the West, before and after nineteen years, traveling tens of thousands of miles, is a legendary long journey, sensational. Later, Xuanzang dictated the westward journey, by the disciple of the defense of the machine recorded into the "Great Tang Western Regions" twelve volumes. But this book is mainly about the road to see the history of the countries, geography and transportation, there is no story. And to his disciples Hui Li, Yen-Tsang wrote the "Great Tang Ci'en Temple Sanzang Venerable Master Biography", for the experience of Xuanzang added a lot of mythological color, from then on, the story of the Tang Monk scriptures began to be widely circulated in the folklore. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there is the Poetry Story of the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty fetching scriptures; in the Jin Dynasty, there are the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty and the Peach Party; in the Yuan Dynasty, there are the Tang Sanzang fetching scriptures from the Western Paradise of Wu Changling and the Erlang Shen locking up the Qi Da Sheng of Anonymous, which have laid the foundation of the creation of the Journey to the West. It was on the basis of the folklore and the books and operas that Wu Cheng'en completed this great, great literary masterpiece that made the Chinese nation proud, after painstaking re-creation. Wu Cheng'en, the word Ruzhong, the number of the Shiyang mountain people, Huai'an Province, Shanyang (present-day Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province) people. He was born between the 13th year of Hongzhi and the early years of Zhengde (1500-1510) and died in the 10th year of the Wanli reign (1582). Wu Cheng'en's great-grandfather and grandfather were both scholars and served as instructors and oracles in county schools. However, when his father, Wu Rui's generation, was poor, he went out to the Xu family and "inherited the business of the Xu family and sat in the shop", becoming a small merchant. Nevertheless, the Wu family did not lose the tradition of studying. It is said that his father, Wu Rui, although a merchant, not only is decent, but also good reading, good talk about current politics, which naturally have a greater impact on Wu Chengen. Wu Cheng'en was very smart from a young age, entered the school at an early age, and became famous in the townships as a young man. Tianqi "Huai'an Fu Zhi" Volume 16 said Wu Chengen "sensitive and intelligent, Boji group of books, for poetry and literature, the pen into." But the adult Wu Chengen is not very smooth, in the imperial examination into the body of the road has been repeatedly frustrated, to more than 40 years old to make up for a yearly tribute to the student, more than 50 years of age has served as a county minister in Changxing, Zhejiang Province, and later served as a king of the House of King of Jing Jisan, which is the same as the level of county ministers almost the same level of leisure position. Wu Cheng'en created "Journey to the West" is about after middle age, or that is the later years of the work, the specific time can not be determined. In addition to the Journey to the West, he also composed a long poem, Erlang Soushan Tu Ge (Song of Erlang Searching the Mountain), and Yuding Zhi (Record of Yuding). The four surviving volumes of The Draft of the Survival of Shiyang Xian, including one volume of poems and three volumes of prose, were compiled and edited by Qiu Du after Wu Cheng'en's death. The whole book of Journey to the West is one hundred times, which can be divided into three parts in terms of its general structure. The first to the eighth time is the first part, mainly wrote the Sun Wukong born, worship teacher, havoc in the Palace of Heaven, this is the most wonderful chapter of the book, hilarious, the Sun Wukong up to the sky and into the ground a good toss, will be his rebellious character to show to the fullest. The eighth to the twelfth is the second part, which mainly writes about the origin of the Tang Monk and the reason for fetching scriptures. The thirteenth to the last time is the third part, mainly written about the Tang monk in the west to get the scriptures, on the way has received the Sun Wukong, Pigsy, Sha and Shang three disciples, and through nine hundred and eighty-one difficulties, and finally got the real scriptures, and cultivated the right fruit. Journey to the West shows people a colorful world of gods and demons, and people are amazed at the author's rich and bold artistic imagination. However, any literary work is a reflection of a certain social life, and Journey to the West, as an outstanding representative of the novels of gods and demons, is no exception. As Mr. Lu Xun pointed out in "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", "Journey to the West" is "a satirical and derisive account of the state of the world at that time, with exaggerated descriptions". Also said: "the author's endowment, 'good at harmonizing the drama', so although the story of the change of things out of the blue, but also mixed with the words of understanding, so that the gods and devils have human feelings, and the charm is also through the world." Indeed. Through the imaginary world of gods and demons in Journey to the West, we can see the projection of the real society everywhere. For example, in the creation of the image of the Monkey King, the author's ideals have been placed. Sun Wukong's indomitable spirit of struggle and his fearlessness to fight against all demons and devils reflect the wishes and demands of the people. He represents a kind of righteous power, showing the people's belief in victory over all difficulties. Another example is the demons encountered on the way to fetch the scriptures, which are either illusions of natural disasters or symbols of evil forces. Their greed, ferocity, insidiousness and cunning are also the characteristics of the dark forces in the feudal society. Not only that, the Heavenly Palace ruled by the Jade Emperor and the Western Elysium governed by Buddha Rulai are also strongly painted with the colors of the earthly society. The author's attitude towards the supreme ruler of the feudal society is also quite interesting. In Journey to the West, it is simply impossible to find a competent emperor; as for the dim-witted Jade Emperor, the king of the Chechi Kingdom who favors monsters, and the king of the Bichu Kingdom who wants to use children's hearts and livers as medicine, they are either dimwits or tyrants. The portrayal of these images, even if it is a handful, is always of strong practical significance. The Journey to the West not only has a profound ideological content, but also has a high artistic achievement. It is rich and peculiar artistic imagination, vivid and twisted storyline, vivid characters, humorous and witty language, constructed a unique "Journey to the West" art palace. But I think the greatest achievement of Journey to the West in art is the successful creation of the Monkey King and Piggy's two immortal artistic images. Sun Wukong is the first main character in Journey to the West, a very remarkable hero. He has infinite skills, is not afraid of the sky or the earth, and has an unyielding spirit of resistance. He has the extraordinary temperament of a great hero and the disadvantage of listening to compliments. He is witty and courageous, but also witty and hilarious. And his greatest characteristic is that he dares to fight. Dare to fight with the supreme Jade Emperor, the flute is called the "Great Sage of Qi Tian" reputation; with the demons and monsters dare to fight, fiery eyes will never let go of a demon, such as under the Golden Hoop Stick will never be merciful to the demons; with all the difficulties dare to fight, never retreat and bow down. This is the Monkey King, a glorious mythological hero. When it comes to Piggy, his ability than the Monkey King can be far worse, not to mention what glorious and lofty, but this image is also portrayed very well. Piggy is a comedy image, he is honest and simple, have strength, but also dare to fight with the demons, is the first right-hand man of the Monkey King. But he is full of faults, such as delicious, good to take advantage of small gains, good women, afraid of difficulties, often have to beat the drum, the heart of the old thinking about the daughter-in-law of Gao Laozhuang; he sometimes love to tell a lie, can be clumsy and said not round; he also occasionally provoke the Tang Monk to read the tightly-banded incantation, so that the Sun Wukong ate some pain; he even hid a little private money, stuffed in the ear. His faults are really many, which are exactly the vices of small privateers. The author's criticism of Piggy's shortcomings is harsh, yet well-intentioned. He is not a negative character, so people do not dislike Piggy, but on the contrary feel very real and lovely. The image of the Tang Monk is also well written, but compared to the Monkey King and Porky Pig, it is much inferior. Monk Sha is even more lack of distinctive character traits, which can not be said to be the "Journey to the West" of the shortcomings. Nevertheless, "Journey to the West" in the art of achievement is still very amazing, the Monkey King, Piggy's two images, with its distinctive personality characteristics, in the history of Chinese literature set up a monumental monument of art.
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Detailed information about Journey to the West
1. Introduction to the work Journey to the West is one of the Four Great Masterpieces of Classical China, and is the first long, romanticized novel of gods and demons in ancient China, written by the Ming Dynasty novelist Wu Cheng'en. It mainly depicts the story of four disciples, namely Sun Wukong, Pigsy, Sha Monk and White Dragon Horse, who protected the Tang Monk during the reign of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty and traveled westward to get scriptures, and along the way, they went through nine hundred and eighty-one difficulties, subduing demons and subduing devils along the way, and turning dangers into difficulties, and finally arrived at the Western Heaven and got the true scriptures. The story is based on the poems of the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty and Han folklore. 2, the background of the creation of the first year of Emperor Tang Taizong Zhenguan (627), the 25-year-old monk Xuanzang traveled on foot to study in Tianzhu (India). He set off from Chang'an and traveled through Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and finally arrived in India. He studied there for more than two years, and was acclaimed as the main speaker at a large Buddhist scripture debate. 3. Literary Achievements Among the Chinese classical novels, Journey to the West is the most complex. It combines the ideas and contents of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, not only letting the immortals of Buddhism and Taoism perform on the stage at the same time, but also injecting the human situation of the real society into the world of gods and Buddhas, and sometimes inserting a few Confucian quotes to make it appear both solemn and harmonious, and the book won the love of readers of various cultural levels. The emergence of Journey to the West opened up a new category of long novels about gods and demons. The book's skillful combination of good-natured ridicule, bitter satire and serious criticism directly influenced the development of satirical novels. So it is said that Journey to the West is the peak of ancient long romantic novels, and in the history of world literature, it is also a masterpiece of romanticism.
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What is the background of the writing of Journey to the West?
The Longevity Monk's quest for scripture is a real event in history. About 1,300 years ago, that is, the first year of Tang Taizong Zhenguan (627), only 25 years old Xuanzang fetch scriptures route map young monk Xuanzang led a disciple to leave the capital city of Xi'an, only to the Tianzhu (India) tour. After his departure from Chang'an, he traveled through Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. When he passed through the country of Gaochang, the residents there held Buddhism in high esteem, and the king, seeing that they were monks from the Great Tang, was so happy that he wished to appoint them as the protector of the country, plus a hundred taels of gold and a thousand steeds and horses. Disciples faltered, and finally stayed in the country of Gaochang, and Xuanzang sneaked out to the west to escape. Unexpectedly was intercepted by the soldiers of Gaochang country. I did not expect them to come to escort Xuanzang to the west to get the scriptures. Soldiers gave Xuanzang a white horse and some documents, Xuanzang grateful. He worshiped a few times to the direction of the palace, and rode west. Xuanzang through thick and thin, and finally arrived in India. He studied there for more than two years, and in a large Buddhist scripture debate as the main speaker, was praised. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures. In order to prevent the scriptures from being stolen, Xuanzang built the Big Wild Goose Pagoda with the help of the King of Tang to preserve the scriptures. He took the scriptures in the West, before and after nineteen years, traveling tens of thousands of miles, is a legendary long march, sensational. Later, Xuanzang dictated the westward journey, by the disciple of the defense of the machine recorded into the "Great Tang Western Regions" twelve volumes. But this book is mainly about the road to see the history of the countries, geography and transportation, there is no story. Until his disciples Hui Li, Yen-Teng wrote the "Great Tang Da Ci'en Temple Sanzang Venerable Master Biography", but for the experience of Xuanzang added a lot of mythological color. From then on, the story of the Tang monk fetching scriptures began to be widely circulated in the folklore. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was the Poetry Story of the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty fetching scriptures; in the Jin Dynasty, there were the Three Tibetans of the Tang Dynasty and the Peach Party; in the Yuan Dynasty, there were the Tang Sanzang fetching scriptures in the West by Wu Changling and the Erlang Shen locking up the Qi Da Sheng by John Doe, etc., which laid the foundation of the creation of the Journey to the West. It was also on the basis of folklore and drama and opera that Wu Cheng'en completed this great literary masterpiece that made the Chinese nation proud after painstaking re-creation. ?37 Browse 1143 2017-12-16
<<Journey to the West>> the background of the writing
The Journey to the West arose in the sixteenth century in the period of the Ming Dynasty of China Jiajing A.D. 1522 -1566), which is more than four hundred years ago. The author, Wu Cheng'en, was known as Ruzhong (汝忠), or Shiyang Jushi (射阳居士), and the Journey to the West (西游记), which was written in his middle age and later embellished, was the first draft of the book. He in the previous generation for many years accumulated and in the folk of literature and stories about the Tang Monk scriptures on the basis of artistic re-creation, and the original story of the Tang Monk scriptures to the main story, changed to Sun Wukong main war of the history of the sky and the earth. The Journey to the West, however, depicts the journey of the master and disciples in the long way to the West and the adventurous struggle of the poor mountains and waters with a rich and magnificent imagination, and visualizes the thousands of dangers experienced as the eighty-one difficulties set up by the demons and monsters, and vividly expresses the dangers and obstacles of the relentless mountains and rivers with the animal phantasmagoria of sentient monsters and monsters and the battle spirit of the scripture-takers to remove the hardships, and the novel is a triumphant victory over the nature of the human race.
The Journey to the West mainly depicts the story of Sun Wukong, the Monkey King, who protects the Tang Monk to fetch the scriptures in the West, and has gone through nine hundred and eighty-one difficulties. The story of the Longevity Monk's quest for scriptures is a real thing in history. About 1,300 years ago, that is, the first year of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty (627), the young monk Xuanzang, who was only 25 years old, left the capital city of Chang'an, and traveled to the Tianzhu (India) to study. After his departure from Chang'an, he traveled through Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and finally arrived in India after enduring hardships and dangers. He studied there for more than two years and was acclaimed as the chief lecturer at a large debate on Buddhist scriptures. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures. He took the scriptures in the West, before and after nineteen years, traveling tens of thousands of miles, is a legendary long journey, sensational. Later, Xuanzang dictated the westward journey, by the disciple of the defense of the machine recorded into the "Great Tang Western Regions" twelve volumes.
One of the Four Great Classical Chinese Novels, it is the best mythological novel and a combination of mass creation and literati creation. The novel begins with the story of the seven times of the "Great Trouble in the Palace of Heaven", which brings the image of the Monkey King to the forefront of the whole book. From the eighth to the twelfth time, the story of Rulai, Guanyin's visit to the monk, Wei Zheng's decapitation of the dragon, and the emergence of the Tang Monk are written to explain the origin of the scripture-taking. From fourteen back to the end of the book, write the Monkey King was forced to convert to Buddhism, to protect the Tang Monk scriptures, in the eight ring, sand monk assistance, all the way to eliminate the demons, to the West into the "fruit".
The Monkey King is the most glorious image in the book. " The Great Trouble in the Palace " highlights his love of freedom, the courage to rebel against the spirit of " the West to get the scriptures " to show that he saw the evil must be removed, in addition to the spirit of the evil must be exhausted. After the failure of Sun Wukong to cause havoc in the Palace of Heaven, after five hundred years of suppression under the Five Elements Mountain, he was released by the Tang Monk and went to the Western Paradise with him. He is no longer the image of a rebel, but a hero wearing a tight headband and a tiger-skin dress, specializing in lifting the devil from the earth. Before the heavy difficulties tenacious and unyielding, random response to the opportunity, is the main characteristics of the town of the devil Sun Wukong.
The Journey to the West depicts the world of fantasy and mythological characters, most of which are based on real life, and at the same time embody some of the best wishes of the writers and the people in a magical form. The eighty-one difficulties, seventy-two changes, and the skills of various gods and demons are all full of fantasy color; the various kinds of treasures with strange lights and colors are obviously hypothetical for the people to conquer nature or defeat their enemies.
The Journey to the West artfully combines good-natured ridicule, bitter satire, and severe criticism, making many chapters interesting, and fully expressing the profound ideological content and the author's distinctive love and hatred. The forty-one short stories contained in the Nine-Nine-Eighty-One Difficulties are also expressed through the intricate relationship between monks and disciples, gods and Buddhas, and demons, with one wave yet to be settled and another to rise. In these countless fantasy plots full of struggle, it is meaningful to imply the optimism of the people to resist the evil forces and demand to overcome nature and difficulties, which reflects the social reality of the feudal era in a twisted way.
The Aorai Kingdom in Eastern China has a Mountain of Flowers and Fruits, and a stone at the top of the mountain gives birth to a monkey. Monkey seeks teacher to learn the art, named Sun Wukong, learned seventy-two changes, a somersault to feasible 108,000 miles, called himself the "Monkey King". He stole the Sea God Needle and turned it into the Golden Hoop Cudgel, which could be big or small and weighed thirteen thousand five hundred pounds. He went to the netherworld and canceled the monkey's name from the book of life and death. When the Jade Emperor wanted to send troops to arrest him, Tai Bai Jin Xing suggested that Sun Wukong be summoned to the upper world to be the Butterfly Horse Warmer. When the Monkey King learns that he is only a small official in charge of horses, he fights his way out of heaven and returns to Mount Huaguo, calling himself the "Great Sage of Qi Tian". The Jade Emperor sends his heavenly soldiers to capture Sun Wukong, but the Monkey King defeats Giant Spirit God and Na Zha. Sun Wukong was asked to manage the Peach Garden. He stole the peaches, disturbed the Queen Mother's peach banquet, stole the golden elixir of the Goddess of Mercy, and fled from the Heavenly Palace. The Jade Emperor sent his soldiers to arrest him. Sun Wukong fought with Erlangshen in a betting battle. The Monkey King was captured after being struck by Lord Taishang with a concealed weapon. After being chopped by sword and axe, burnt by fire and struck by thunder, and tempered in the furnace, the Monkey King was unharmed. The Jade Emperor invited Buddha Rudrai, before Sun Wukong was pressed under the Five Elements Mountain.
RuLai sent Guanyin Bodhisattva to the East to find a scripture collector, come to the West to get the scriptures, persuade the living beings. Guanyin named Chen Xuanzang to go to the Western Paradise to seek the true scriptures. Tang Taizong recognized Xuanzang as a royal brother, given the number of Sanzang. Tang Sanzang traveled to the west and rescued Sun Wukong at the Five Elements Mountain. Sun Wukong was put on the Goddess of Mercy's tight band, the Tang Monk reads the mantra of the tight band, Wukong will have unbearable headaches. The master and disciples traveled west and captured the White Dragon in the Eagle's Nest, which became the Longevity Monk's mount. In Gaolaozhuang, the ambush pig wu neng eight ring, pig eight ring did the tang monk's second disciple; In the quicksand river, and ambush sand wujing, sand and monk became the tang monk's third disciple. The four masters and disciples trekked to the west to seek scriptures.
The Goddess of Mercy wants to test the Tang monk master and disciple moral heart, and Lishan old mother, Puxian, Manjushri into a beautiful woman, recruiting four people as a son-in-law, the Tang monk and other three people do not move, only the eight quit obsessed with women, by the Bodhisattva hanging on the tree. At the Wushuangguan in Wanshoushan, Sun Wukong and others stole the ginseng fruit and pushed down the immortal tree. In order to compensate, Sun Wukong invites Guanyin and saves the immortal tree with manna. The White Bone Demon changed three times to take the Longevity Monk, but was recognized by the Wukong. The Tang Monk did not recognize the truth, and listened to the slanderous words of the Eight Preceptors, and expelled the Wukong, but he himself was captured by the Yellow Robe Monster. Eight Precepts and Monk Sha were unable to defeat the Yellow Robe Monster, Monk Sha was captured, and the Tang Monk was turned into a tiger. With the persuasion of the White Dragon Horse, the Eight Precepts went to the Mountain of Flowers and Fruits to ask Sun Wukong to subdue the demon, and the four masters and disciples continued their journey to the west. The King of Wu Ji Kingdom was pushed into a well and drowned by the Lion Spirit, who transformed into the King. The king's ghost begged the Tang Monk for help. The Eight Preceptors carried the body out of the well, and the Wukong asked for a golden elixir from the Supreme Lord to revive the king. Red Child, the son of the King Bull Demon, guarded the Fire Cloud Cave and wanted to eat the Longevity Monk's flesh. Wukong could not withstand the Red Child's Samadhi fire and invited the Bodhisattva to subdue the demon. The Bodhisatta subdued the Red Child and made him the Good Fortune Boy. The King of Xi Liang female kingdom wanted to recruit the Longevity Monk as her husband. Wukong and the others were able to win the pass and insisted on traveling to the west, but the Longevity Monk was captured by the Scorpion Spirit of Pipa Cave in the Poisonous Enemy Mountain. Wukong invited the Pleiadian Stargazer, who transformed himself into a large rooster with two crowns, and made the demon show its original form. Soon afterward, the Tang Monk again chased Wukong away because he had killed another bandit on the road. The Six-Eared Macaque Monkey took the opportunity to change into the form of Wukong and snatched the luggage and documents, and then changed the small demons into the forms of the Tang Monk, the Eight Precepts, and the Sand Monk, in order to go to the Western Heaven to cheat the true scriptures. True and false two Wukong from the sky to the ground, the Bodhisattva, the Jade Emperor, the King of Tibet, etc. can not recognize the true and false, until the Leiyin Temple Ru Lai Buddha, only to be the Buddha said the true picture, the macaque monkey spirit by the Wukong killed.
The four masters and disciples were reunited and rushed to the West. In the Flame Mountain, they tried to ask Princess Iron Fan to extinguish the flames with her banana fan. The Princess Iron Fan was annoyed that Wukong sent her child, Red Child, to Mount Luojia to be a child and refused to borrow it. Wukong fought with Princess Iron Fan and the King of Ox Demons several times, and by the power of the heavenly soldiers, he subdued the three monsters and extinguished the fire. The King of Bhikkhu was bewitched by the abbot of the country changed by the White Deer and wanted to use the hearts and livers of one thousand one hundred and eleven little children as medicine. Wukong rescued the babies and repelled the evil spirits. The Longevity Star arrived to take back the White Deer. When the king of France wished to kill 10,000 monks, the Monkey King shaved off the hair of the king's consort and the ministers of civil and military affairs, which made the king return to the goodness of his heart, and changed the name of France to Ching-Francophonie. In the Dharma Kingdom, the Tang Priest was hit by the fake princess of the Moon Palace who threw colorful balls, and wanted to be recruited as the emperor's son-in-law. The Wukong realized the truth, and together with the Star King of Taiyin, captured the Jade Rabbit, and rescued the real princess of the Arc Fabric Temple, which was outside of the city.
The four masters and disciples finally came to the Holy Land of the Spirit Mountain after a lot of hard work, to see the Buddha, but because they did not send personnel to the Nuo, Gaya two venerable, only to obtain the wordless scriptures. The Tang Monk teachers and disciples and return to the Leiyin Temple, Tang King of the gift of the purple gold bowl to do personnel, only to get the real scriptures, return to the mainland. Do not want to nine hundred and ninety-one difficulties is still missing a difficult not full, in the river and the old soft-shelled turtle to the four people turned down the river, wet the scriptures, so far, "the Buddha's original line of scriptures" is not complete.
Tang Sanzang sent the scriptures back to Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, and his real body returned to the Spirit Mountain. Sanzang was named Chandan Gongde Buddha, Wukong was named Battle Victorious Buddha, the Eight Precepts were named Pure Altar Messenger, Sha Monk was named Golden Body Lohan, and White Dragon Horse was elevated to the Eight Heavenly Dragons, and each of them returned to their original position, **** enjoying the supreme bliss.
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Westward Journey Author Introduction and Historical Background
1, the author of the introduction: Wu Chengen Chinese Ming dynasty outstanding novelist. He was born in a family of scholar-officials reduced to merchants, the family is poor. Wu Chengn has been smart since childhood, "Huai'an Prefecture" in his "sensitive and more intelligent, Boji group of books, for the text of the pen into." But he was unfavorable to the examination, to the middle age only to make up for the "yearly tribute student", and then living in Nanjing, long-term rely on selling literature to subsidize the family. In his later years, because of poverty as Changxing County Chancellor, because he was not accustomed to the darkness of the officialdom, soon resigned in anger, poor old man to the end. 2, historical background: Tang Taizong Zhenguan first year, 25-year-old monk Xuanzang Tianzhu walking tour. He set off from Chang'an, through Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, through all the difficulties and obstacles, and finally arrived in India; where he studied for more than two years, and in a large Buddhist scripture debate as the main speaker, was praised. Zhenguan nineteen years (645 years) Xuanzang returned to Chang'an, brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, a sensation; after Xuanzang dictated the westward journey to see and hear, by the disciple of the defense of the machine recorded into the "Great Tang Western Regions" twelve volumes. But this book is mainly about the road to see the history of the countries, geography and transportation; and to his disciples Hui Li, Yen-Teng wrote the "Great Tang Ci'en Temple Sanzang Venerable Master Biography", for the experience of Xuanzang added a lot of mythological color, from the story of the Tang Dynasty monks to obtain scriptures began to be widely circulated in the Chinese folklore. Expanded information "Journey to the West" appeared, opened up the gods and demons long chapter book of a new category. The book's skillful combination of good-natured ridicule, bitter satire and serious criticism directly influenced the development of satirical novels. So it is said that Journey to the West is the peak of ancient long romantic novels, and in the history of world literature, it is also the masterpiece of romanticism and the pioneer of magic realism. Journey to the West is one of the most outstanding novels in the history of Chinese literature, which is full of whimsical gods and demons. The author Wu Cheng'en used romanticism, soaring on the wings of his rich imagination, depicting a colorful, magical and magnificent fantasy world, creating a series of interesting and fascinating mythological stories, and successfully portraying the Monkey King as a transcendent and idealized hero. In the world of fantasy, it reflects the world and worldly feelings with twists and turns, and expresses the vivid wisdom of the human world, which is full of realistic flesh and blood and a rich flavor of life. The Journey to the West, with its unique ideology and artistic charm, brings readers into the beautiful art hall to feel its artistic charm. The artistic characteristics of Journey to the West can be summarized by two words, one is illusion and the other is fun; and it is not the general illusion, it is fantasy, and it is not the general fun, it is strange fun. The novel creates a magical and splendid mythological world through bold and rich artistic imagination and fascinating storyline. The artistic imagination of Journey to the West is strange, rich and bold, which is rarely matched in ancient and modern novels. The world of Sun Wukong's activities is close to a fairy tale fantasy, very interesting, and in this world, there are all kinds of rare and interesting monsters and demons, which are really strange and colorful. Romantic fantasies, originating from real life, refracted in the fantasy description of the world of human feelings. Journey to the West" characters, plots, scenes, and even the use of magic treasures, weapons, are extremely illusionary things, but are cohesive with the experience of real life, can be in the fantasy through the breath of life, refracted the world, so that readers can understand, happy to accept. Baidu Encyclopedia - Journey to the West
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Background of the author of Journey to the West
Wu Cheng'en (ca. 1506-1582), called Ruzhong, and known as Shiyang Shanren, was an outstanding novelist in the Ming Dynasty, and the author of the famous mythological novel Journey to the West.
Wu Cheng'en grew up with a natural intelligence, a wide range of interests and multifaceted talents. He was good at painting, good at calligraphy, loved to fill in lyrics and songs, and was also very good at Go, and also liked to collect calligraphy and painting posters of celebrities. When he was a teenager, he became famous in his hometown because of his outstanding literary talent, and was appreciated by people, who thought that he was "as good as a piece of mustard" when he passed the imperial examination. But the fact is just the opposite, he was very uninspired in the field of science and technology, how many times did not even get a lift until the age of 45 years old to get a year-old tribute student. Because of the failure of the examination field, the situation is not good, the life is poor, he had been snobbish people laugh and scold. All these encounters made him deepen his understanding of the feudal officialdom, the corruption of the imperial court and the society of the world, and buried the seeds of injustice and resistance in his heart. Wu Chengen's life is different from the common people, upright and unyielding. The reason why he was so talented but failed to pass the exams was probably related to his unwillingness to make unorthodox arguments to please the superiors. He detested the corrupt officialdom and was unwilling to go against his heart, holding a negative attitude towards the dark reality. He wrote in his poem "Erlang Soshan Tu Ge": "The people's disaster turned out of the clothes and crowns, not for apes and cranes but for sandworms. He sat and watched the five ghosts of the Song Dynasty, and did not see the four evils of the Yu Dynasty being executed. The wild man has a lot of gratitude, and he sighs three times when he caresses the wind. I have worn out the evil knife in my chest, but I want to get up and hate the powerlessness. There is a vector to save the moon and a bow to save the sun, is there no hero in the world? Who can be for me to the Lin Feng, long to make ten thousand years to ensure that the work of peace and quiet." He thought that the reason for the formation of "civil disaster" and the ugliness of the social reality lies in the ruler's poor use of people, letting the "five ghosts" and "four evils" such as the bad guys in power. He wanted to "to Lin Feng", line "the way of the king", to turn the tide, but the talent is not met, the ambition has not been rewarded, can only be empty generous, caressing things in the wind sighs.
"Journey to the West" is written by Wu Chengen in his later years, but has made a lifetime of preparation. As a child, Wu Chengen often followed his father to visit the ancient temples and jungles in the suburbs of Huai'an, and heard many beautiful and magical mythological stories. He grew up with the habit of hearing strange stories, in private school, often hiding from his father and teacher, secretly read "wild stories and history". With the increase of age, this hobby has increased. 30 years old, he searched for the strange news has been "stored full of chest", and has the intention to create. 50 years old, he wrote the "Journey to the West" of the first dozen times, and then for some reason interrupted for many years, until his resignation in his later years to return to his hometown, he was able to finalize the creation of the "Journey to the West".
Wu Chengdu was the first to write the first ten journeys to the West.
Wu Cheng'en wrote a novel called Yuding Zhi (禹鼎志). He said in the preface to this book, his bonnet novel, mythological novels, written although the gods and ghosts, in fact, the intention is still "on earth", in order to support his political ideals, flogging the evil forces, so that readers "creepy easy to think about", is not for nothing, or searching for strange and strange to talk about, or hunt for strange and strange to talk about. Or search for strange and exotic to capitalize on the joke. He created Journey to the West for the same purpose. In the forty-fifth episode of Journey to the West, it is written that when Sun Wukong arranged the God of Nature to make clouds, thunder and rain, he especially ordered Teng Tianjun, the God of Thunder, to say, "Old Teng carefully look at the officials who are corrupt and bad at the law, and the sons who are disobedient and unfilial, and kill a few of them to show them to the public!" The Sun Wukong hates the "corrupt and bad officials", which is completely consistent with Wu Cheng'en's hatred of corrupt officials expressed in many poems and writings. In the mythical world of Journey to the West, there are shadows of the earth everywhere: the sacred Palace of Heaven is extraordinary on the surface, but the supreme Jade Emperor is wise and foolish, very mediocre, the Court of Heaven and the earth's dynasty is similar; the hell is strict, the officials protect each other, corruption and lawlessness, the innocent people have a hard time to extend the wrong, and the earth's government offices are no different; the demon Bonnie kills and eats people, greedy for money, relying on magic magic to dominate the party, no evil, simply is the earth's bullies, bureaucrats and bureaucrats, and the evil is the evil. It is simply the embodiment of earthly bullies and bureaucrats. Journey to the West" also wrote about some earthly countries, where most of the rulers are "Wen is not wise, martial arts is not good, the king is not the Taoist", which is also a reflection of the crimes of the Ming court rulers and ministers who wreaked havoc on the country and harmed the people. Wu Cheng'en portrayed the Monkey King, cynicism, magical powers, all the ferocious wild demons and monsters in its golden rod are driven to lose the old wind, or a life, or hands captured, which reflects Wu Cheng'en strong desire to sweep away the social phenomenon of evil and evil forces, but also "Journey to the West" the essence of the democratic nature of the place. Wu Cheng'en's literary talents are manifold. In addition to Journey to the West and the previously mentioned Yuding Zhi, he also wrote many poems in a clear and elegant style, collected in the Shiyangxian Survival Draft.
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