What is the origin of the saying of shaving the head and dying uncle in the first month?

"In the first month, do not shave the head; in the first month of shaving dead uncle." This ballad, sung over three hundred and sixty years, the years have long been hazy original meaning, but to the shaving masters on the ground in Kyushu, every year a month of "annual leave". To this day, most people still adhere to the custom of not entering the barber shop in the first month. In fact, this ballad is not at all on people shaving their heads in the first month will certainly die uncle's prophecy, but in the "first month do not shave their heads - thinking of the old" this helplessness, to curse the Manchu government with a steel knife and crossbow forced to promote the "shaving order! "

Manchu, a man of the world, is a man of the world.

The Manchurians used a large number of Han Chinese long before they entered the country. Not to mention the original living in the Liaodong land of the Han Chinese Ning Wan I, Fan Wencheng, Bao Chengxian, etc. are the basic state policy of the Qing dynasty, is the Ming dynasty's military minister Hong Chengchou, the Ming dynasty's border guarding generals, and after the Qing dynasty, the king of the cracks of the king of the WuSanGui, KongYuDe, GengZhongMing, shangKeXi, etc., which are not for the Manchurian people to attack the city, open up the frontiers of the hero, and the emperor ShunZhi's father, regent dorgon. dorgon all claimed: "my cao pectus for decades." "Like walking on the road, we are all goze. Now that we have a guide, how can I not be happy?" At this time the Qing dynasty, although already ruled half of China, but the northwest of Li Zicheng, southwest of Zhang Xianzhong, the south of the Zhu Ming emperor descendants of Fu Wang, Lu Wang, Tang Wang, Gui Wang, Taiwan's Cheng Chenggong and so on are claiming to be the emperor of the ambition to ask for the throne, the Qing dynasty must rely on the surrender of the Han Chinese to fight for the world. Therefore, the first year of Shunzhi, the little emperor sitting in the Forbidden City, when the widowhood, issued a series of edicts in a clear declaration of the "civil ministers from the Ming system of clothing"

But only one year later, with the Qing army as a force to defeat Li Zicheng, swept south of the Jiangnan eliminated the main forces of resistance to the Ming dynasty after the imperial father regent dorgon, on behalf of the seven-year-old little emperor. dorgon on behalf of the seven-year-old emperor shunzhi issued the "shaved hair edict". The edict said: the system of shaving hair, not that the system of uniformity, listen to the discretionary, want to be once the world is settled, began to implement this system ear. Today, the Chinese and foreign family, the king is like a father, the people are like a son, the father and son of one, can not be violated, if not unified, and ultimately belong to the two hearts. Since the issuance of the bulletin, inside and outside the capital limited to ten days, directly under the provinces and places, since the Ministry of text to the day, also limited to ten days, for the hair of the fight to stay, and will not be lightly loaned.

This is by the court literati ink after finishing the edict, in fact, "shaving order" than this bloody much, "stay head does not stay hair, stay hair does not stay head", almost overnight, the country's shaving picks are hung on such a cautionary tale. Even until the early days of the founding of new China, shaving masters walk the streets on the shaving pick, there is a head is still high up a wooden stick, who all know that this is the old life down to the family, shaving hang above the mirror for customers to use, wandering is to hang the Manchurian that the "shaving edict" of the flagpole. Therefore, in the old society, the traveler craftsmen, barbers are often called to the imperial decree, they really have been "shaved by decree".

"Shaving order" was issued in June of the second year of Shunzhi. If this year before June, Jiangnan resistance to the Qing army, but also most of the regular forces of the Zhu Ming dynasty, then since this year after June, Jiangsu and Zhejiang as a starburst of civil uprising, almost all the people of the mass of the people to shave their heads and comb the braid of the death struggle.

Jiading, now part of Shanghai, was a major town in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties. "Hair shaving order" issued after the Ming Dynasty's left Tongzheng Hou Dong had and scholar Huang Chunyao gathered tens of thousands of soldiers and people, swore to stay hair with the city **** survival. Qing hereditary reckless Prince Luck Dehun personally supervised the attack on the city, the volunteers in the face of the strong enemy to defend the city for several days, do not want to rain, coincidentally, the Ming Dynasty generals, Wusong General Li Chengdong carry cannons to help the attack, rain over the sound of artillery, the city wall collapsed in many places, the Qing army tide into the city and the unsupported the volunteers to start a street battle, by the morning to kill to the twilight. Hou Dongzeng with two sons threw himself into the water and died, Huang Chunyao hanged himself, for the tiger to help Li Chengdong actually ordered the slaughter of the city, more than 20,000 soldiers and civilians immediately died under the steel sword. This day is the fourth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar. In the subsequent July 26th, August 16th, Jiading city outskirts and two volunteer soldiers vowed not to shave their hair, Li Chengdong again and again ordered the massacre of innocent people, about 200,000 people in the city, almost slaughtered. This is the early Qing Dynasty famous atrocities "Jiading three massacres". Because people often compare it with the "Ten Days of Yangzhou" in which the Qing soldiers burned and looted in Yangzhou in April of the second year of Shunzhi's reign, many people, even Mr. Cai Dongfan, a famous novelist in China, in his famous book "Chinese Popular Performances of the Ages", misinterpreted the three massacres by the Qing soldiers in Jiading as a three-day consecutive slaughter of the city. In fact, the three massacres of the people of the whole city, each separated by about ten days or so, were much more brutal and thorough than the continuous killing for three days in a row.

Jiangyin, compared with Yangzhou and Jiading, the major towns of Jiangnan, is but a small fortress, with just over 90,000 people in the city. Elected by the people to defend the city commander-in-chief neither the current first-ranking university scholar governor Shi Kefa's 100,000-strong army, nor the third-ranking Tongzheng Hou Dongzeng's position of prominence, he is just a has left the canonical history of Yan Yingyuan. In the Ming Dynasty, than nine low, the number did not enter the stream, strictly speaking, can not be counted as an official just a mandarin. However, this Yan Yingshi, actually should be the people of the city entrusted, from a hundred miles away from the refuge in the Huashi mountain sneaked back to Jiangyin, in the 240,000 Qing troops under the cannons, crossbows, take up 90,000 civilian commanders. In the ensuing eighty-one days, Yan Yingyuan made common cause with all the people of the city and killed more than seventy-five thousand enemy soldiers, including three princes and eighteen generals. Yan Dengshi used almost all the stratagems in the Thirty-Six Stratagems, swindling, setting up ambushes, fire attacks, straw men borrowing arrows, pretending to be gods and goddesses, sounding out the east and striking the west, attacking the enemy camp at night, chugging at the top of the city, and actually even human bombs were used. Yan Yingyuan recruited voluntary old man out of the city fraudulent surrender, will be placed in the barrels of explosives loaded with silver in the interlayer, dedication to ignite the fire fuse, a few old man with white hair and the Qing army prince a, general three and three thousand generals and soldiers burning, the Qing army had to be three military hanging mourning. On the day of the city, Yan Yingyuan was hit by several arrows to throw himself into the water, was pulled out of the water by the Qing soldiers stabbed his shins to make him kneel, he fell to the ground after the knees do not bend until the end of the gas. Some statistics, Jiangyin small city, the city was slaughtered more than 97,000 people, killed outside the city more than 75,000 people, Jiangyin remnants of only 53 people hiding in the temple tower to save their lives. Yan Yingyuan the day before his death, in the Jiangyin city hall left a desperate couplet, said the "stay hair, not head of the" long-cherished wish:

Eighty days with hair loyalty, the table of the seventeenth dynasty of the character of the Great Ancestor.

Hundreds of thousands of people are united in defending the city, leaving three hundred miles of rivers and mountains of the Ming Dynasty.

If the military generals on the battlefield, despite the face of the absolutely powerful enemy, but still can meet with the sword, kill a enough, kill two have earned, die intense, and the civilian ministers once captured, can only listen to each other slaughter, it is the death of a sad. "Hair shaving order" issued at the time, the southern Ming Dynasty envoys, the Ministry of War, left minister (vice minister) Zuo Maodi is detained in the Beijing Imperial Hospital. Attaché Ai Daxuan fear of death, shaved his hair to comply with the order to comb up the big braid, Zuo Maodi will be clubbed to death. Regent King dorgon heard, sent left Maodi has surrendered to the brother of the Qing dynasty left Maotai to cross-examine, left Maodi knowingly asked: "you are Manchu Qing dynasty officials, how dare you claim to be my left family?" With that, it will be scolded out of the pavilion. Dorgon was furious, personally arraigned. When asked, "Why do you refuse to shave your head?" Left Maodi's answer to the ground: "head can be broken, hair can not be broken!" dorgon actually contrary to the two countries do not behead the envoys of the practice will be left Maodi killed.

Ming University scholar, Lin Gui Bo Qu Shizhu and the Ministry of War Minister Zhang Tong open captured together, the Qing army commander is the Ming surrendered Kong Youde, Kong rely on the descendants of Confucius to persuade to surrender, Qu Shizhu, Zhang Tong open anger: "You are Mao Wenlong's dog, handing the handbook, pouring the pot of the night, how can you pretend to be a descendant of the saint?" Kong Youde was scolded shame, he will be two people were imprisoned, and privately allowed to shave their hair as a monk. Two people do not think, for more than 40 days, every day, poems and singing, cursing the Qing court. Until the day of execution, Qu Shiyunyi is still correctly dressed, south face and worship, Zhang Tong open to be killed, it is upright, the head fell to the ground is still jumping three times.

The two of them sang no less than dozens of poems, one of them sang:

From the death of the city to die, a thousand years of loyalty to advocate for themselves.

Three hundred years of grace is extinguished, the head of the silk is still full of heavenly fragrance.

While the contrast is those who were scolded by the Han Chinese as "traitors" and the Manchurian emperor called "two ministers" of the high-ranking officials. Sun Zhixie, a scholar in the Mingqi years, the Hanlin Academy readers, after the Qing Dynasty, was authorized to the Ministry of Rites, is the first in the dynasty shaved hair and braids, clothing and clothing of the Chinese minister. At that time, the "shaving order" had not yet been issued, and the Manchu and Chinese ministers stood separately, Sun Zhi Xie stood on the side of the Han ministers, who scolded him for not being allowed to enter the queue; he stood on the side of the Manchu ministers, who also laughed at him for his unorthodox behavior and drove him out of the queue, making him feel embarrassed. After he was taken away by the Qing court to return to his hometown. Shunzhi four years, the volunteers broke his hometown of Zichuan City, will be his hair braid cut down, will be strands of green silk planted into his scalp parade in the streets, after all the humiliation will be put to death.

It can be said that the end of the Qing dynasty, Manchu and Han Chinese boundary has never been leveled, but the Manchu can be more than two hundred and eighty years to more than two hundred and twenty thousand people to rule China, in the big policy, there are a lot of is higher than the Zhu Ming dynasty. From the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to withdraw the Liao pay, practice pay, the suppression of pay to the Kangxi and Qianlong "breeding people will never be added to the tax", from no longer repair the Great Wall to the pacification of Jungar, the recovery of Taiwan and the Sino-Russian Yabusa battle, the Manchus are standing in the position of China for the king for the country, until the final sacrifice of the national language, writing and integrated into the Chinese family. But when it comes to shaving their hair and clothing, which is much less important than language and writing, the Manchus are so stubborn that they have to sow the seeds of their own demise. This traitor of three dynasties was even more despicable than Sun Zhi Xie, but he was able to see the terrible consequences of the forced shaving of hair and the introduction of Manchurian dress in the Qing Dynasty. In the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Chen Mingxia was impeached and executed, and his crimes were difficult to verify, except for one "hair and crown, the world is peaceful", which he himself confessed to. Chen Mingxia life cunning, but this sentence of the heart, but sent his own life.

There were many taboos in the old days, and "no shaving in the first month" is an example. The first month of the summer calendar, let the boy's hair grow wild, but can not be violated in the slightest, otherwise the uncle is not favorable. "Shave your head in the first month and die uncle." How scary a responsibility, uncle's safety all depends on the nephew's head thing. Until the second day of the second month of the summer calendar, the boy had the freedom to shave his head.

Why is the nephew's hair involved with his uncle's life? It's really hard to think about. Sociologists testify that human beings are from the matriarchal society step by step a heel bucket to the patriarchal society. In a matriarchal society where women have the final say, an important representative of the mother's family - the uncle - is naturally not to be underestimated.

Republic of China twenty-four years version of the "Yecheng County," Volume II, "Customs" unveiled the mystery of the custom: "I heard the old folks talk about the former Qing dynasty under the edict of shaving in the first month of the fourth year of the Shunzhi implementation, the Ming Dynasty, a change in the system, the folk shaved their hair, thinking of the old king, so that the old 'thinking of the old'. Along both long, then mistaken for 'dead uncle'." The first month does not shave the head, the original "thinking of the old". The first month is the beginning of the year, like the morning of the day. The first month of the month not shave the head, in order to remember the tradition. The old township will "shaving order" time remembered wrong, not the first month of Shunzhi four years, is Shunzhi two years in June. At that time, the regent dorgon ordered in Beijing's front gate, dianmen, east and west of the four pagodas and other major intersections to set up the mat shed, free of charge to the pedestrians shaved head. The "shaving order" stipulates that all officials, soldiers and civilians shave their hair, the hesitant according to the theory of traitors, beheading! The court to death to blackmail the Han people to follow the Manchu hair style, so that the Han people were terrified. But this panic instantly turned into a full-blooded anger, they would rather die than shaving, and even shouted: "I'd rather be a ghost of the hair, not as a shaved head." But, after all, the neck is not as hard as a steel knife, the Han people in order to head was forced to shave their hair. However, the resistance did not stop, the first month of not shaving is a form of resistance. 1644 to 1650 (Shunzhi first year ~ seven years), the Italian Wei Kuangguo wrote "Tartar war records", recorded the southern Chinese soldiers and civilians for the defense of the hair: soldiers and civilians took up arms, for the defense of their hair to the death, than for the emperor and the country fought more heroic, not only to drive the Tartars out of their cities, but also to put them out of their cities, but also the Tartars, and the Tartars, and the Tartars, and the Tartars, and the Tartars. their cities, but also beat them to the river Qiantang, and killed many of the Tartars. Indeed, if they had pursued them, they might have recovered the provincial towns and other towns, but instead of going on to develop their victory, they were content to save their hair. It is difficult for Italians to understand that they are not willing to lose their heads in order to shave them.

Han men have been storing their hair since ancient times, "the body hair and skin, received by parents", do not dare to damage or move. Shaved head is simply picking life. The "hair" of scalping is not within the five punishments, but it is also a kind of punishment. Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms cut hair instead of the head is clear evidence. This custom has been abolished since the Sui and Tang dynasties: for children who are not yet adults, their hair is worn over their necks and shoulders; when they become adults, their hair is worn in a bun. At that time, the Qing Dynasty forced the Han Chinese to follow the example of the Manchus and shave their heads and keep their hair in braids in order to unify the national dress code. The Manchus were originally a hunting tribe, in order to be practical and convenient, a straight line was drawn from the ends of the forehead, and all the hair outside the straight line was shaved, leaving only the hair on the top of the skull to be braided. Customs have a strong inheritance, but also according to the time and place and change. After the Manchu dominated the Central Plains, a large number of Han scholars to participate in the regime, the Cabinet of Ministers, six ministers and other high-ranking officials, are half Manchu and half Han. In this "Manchu and Han, **** the world" situation, Manchu and Han ethnic conflicts gradually weakened over time, the Han people also by the "Manchurian Qing dynasty" as the orthodoxy, shaving gradually become customary. In this way, the first month does not shave the head in order to "think of the old" has lost the cultural and psychological basis for the existence of the harmonic blackmail for "dead uncle". In order to rebel against the Manchu rule, the Han Chinese made up the first month of shaving the head of the dead uncle's statement. The first month of the month does not shave the head, means that the year did not shave the head, in order to remember the ancestors, to remember the tradition. And uncle in Chinese tradition, is a symbol of justice, usually the family division is the uncle to preside over justice.

Jiangsu Huaiyin and other places of folklore that this legend began in the Qin Emperor Winzheng, in order to avoid the taboo, the folk will be the first month of the year renamed as the first month, but also the formation of the custom not to "shave the head", or else there will be a plague of blood. The people of Jianshi County, Sichuan, said that the first month of the head is not shaved, otherwise called "is no hair (law)".

Manchu people living in the Northeast in the first month also do not shave their heads, most of them wait for February 2 this day shaved, the name is "shaving the dragon head". Year after year, shaving the dragon's head, grown-ups will be a dragon and tiger, the gold list of success, their "mother example" (also written "mother on the child", that is, the daily life of superstitious taboos and superstitious speech) also believe that "shaving the head of the new month It is also believed that "shaving one's head in the first month of the lunar calendar will harm one's uncle". It can be seen that this is the remnants of ancient human customs, but in the intensification of national conflicts, but gave a new content, to the old custom of the thought of the homeland just fake.